Albemarle County in Virginia; giving some account of what it was by nature, of what it was made by man, and of some of the men who made it

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ALBEMARLE
COUNTY

IN VIIIGIMIA

Giving some account of wHat it -was
by nature, of \srHat it was made by
man, and of some of tbe men wHo
made it.

By Rev. Edgar Woods

" It is a solemn and to\acKing reflection, perpetually recurring.
oy tHe -weaKness and insignificance of man, tHat -wKile His
generations pass a-way into oblivion, -with all tKeir toils and
ambitions, nature Holds on Her unvarying course, and pours
out Her streams and rene-ws Her forests -witH undecaying
activity, regardless of tHe fate of Her proud and perisHable
Sovereign.**— ^e/frey.

rs5

E.NEW YORK

.Lie LIBRARY
26390

Copyright 1901 by Edgar Woods.

•► -•

THE MicHiE Company, Printers,

Charlottesville, Va.

1901.

PREFACE.

An examination of the records of the county for some in-
formation, awakened curiosity in regard to its early settle-
ment, and gradually led to a more extensive search. The
fruits of this labor, it was thought, might be worthy of notice,
and productive of pleasure, on a wider scale.

There is a strong desire in most men to know who were
their forefathers, whence they came, where they lived, and
how they were occupied during their earthly sojourn. This
desire is natural, apart from the requirements of business, or
the promptings of vanity. The same inquisitiveness is felt
in regard to places. Who first entered the farms that checker
the surrounding landscape, cut down the forests that once
covered it, and built the habitations scattered over its bosom?
With the young, who are absorbed in the engagements of
the present and the hopes of the future, this feeling may not act
with much energy ; but as they advance in life, their thoughts
turn back with growing persistency to the past, and they
begin to start questions which perhaps there is no means of
answering. How many there are who long to ascertain the
name of some ancestor, or some family connection, but the
only person in whose breast the coveted knowledge was
lodged, has gone beyond the reach of all inquiry. How many
interesting facts of personal or domestic concern could have
been communicated by a parent or grandparent, but their
story not being told at the opportune season, they have gone
down irrecoverably in the gulf of oblivion.

Public affairs are abundant y recorded. Not only are they
set forth in the countless journals of the day, but scores of
ready pens are waiting to embody them in more permanent
form in histories of our own times. Private events— those
connected with individuals and families— are less frequently
committed to writing. They may descend by tradition
through one or two generations, and then perish forever

IV PREFACE

from the memory of mankind. Some general facts may be
found in local records ; but memorials of this kind are dry
and monotonous in their nature, and never resorted to by
ordinary readers. Their contents are soon lost sight of
except by the antiquarian, or by those who are compelled
by professional duty to unearth them from the forgotten past.

Such considerations induced the collection of the facts
compiled in this volume. They were taken mainly from the
county archives ; in cases where they were derived from tradi-
tion, or where suggestions were made from conjecture, it is
generally so stated. Except in a few particulars, the narra-
tive was not designed to extend to the present generation.

Some matters that may be of interest to many, may be
found in the appendix. To some now living in the county,
and to others descended from those who once lived in it, the
long list of names therein inscribed may show in some meas-
ure how their ancestors were employed, whither their wander-
ings led, or at what time they passed away from the present
scene of action.

July 1st, 1900.

CHAPTKR I.

The settlement of Virginia was a slow and gradual pro-
cess. Plantations were for the most part opened on the
water courses, extending along the banks of the James, and
on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.
It was more than a century after the landing at Jamestown
before white men made the passage of the Blue Ridge. As
soon as that event was noised abroad, it was speedily fol-
lowed up, and in the space of the next twenty years the tide
of population had touched the interior portions of the colony,
one stream pushing westward from the sea coast, and
another rolling up the Shenandoah Valley from the wilds of
Pennsylvania.

Besides the restless spirit animating the first settlers, the
occupation of the country was hastened by the rage for spec-
ulation. The laws of the colony allotted fifty acres for
every person transported into its territory ; and men of
wealth, in addition to availing themselves of this provision,
largely invested their means in the purchase of land. While
the wilderness was thus peopled, the institutions of civil
government did not linger far behind. As growing numbers
reached the frontiers, and were removed a great distance
from the seats of justice and trade, these necessities of
civilized life were soon established. One by one, the older
counties were cut in two, the limits of the new ones stretch-
ing westward as far as the limits of the colony itself. Those
recently formed were at first represented by public buildings
made of logs, and by the scattered clearings and cabins of
the pioneers ; but men of knowledge and experience were
always at hand to hold the reins of government and admin-
ister the laws. At once the courthouse was erected, and the
power of the magistrate exerted to preserve peace and order
in the community.

The county of Goochland was formed in 1727, a little
more than ten years after Gov. Spotswood's expedition to
the Blue Ridge. The first settlements within the present

2 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

bounds of Albemarle were made v^^hile they were still parts
of that county and Hanover. They ascended the courses
of the South Anna, the James, the Rivanna and the Hard-
ware, and were met by others proceeding from the foot of
the Blue Ridge, and planted by immigrants who had come
up the Valley, and crossed that mountain at Woods' Gap.

The first patents were taken out on June 16, 1727. On
that day George Hoomes obtained a grant of thirty-one
hundred acres "on the far side of the mountains called Ches-
cut, and said to be on the line between Hanover and Spot-
sylvania," and Nicholas Meriwether a grant of thirteen
thousand seven hundred and sixty-two acres "at the first
ledge of mountains called Chesnut," and said to be on the
same line. That was the first appropriation of the virgin
soil of Albemarle, as it is at present. These locations
occurred in the line of the South Anna River, up which the
increasing population had been slowly creeping for a number
of years. The patent to Nicholas Meriwether included the
present seat of Castle Hill, and the boundaries of the Grant,
as it was termed by way of eminence, were marks of great
notoriety to surveyors, and others interested in the descrip-
tion of adjacent lands, for a long period afterwards.

The next patent for twenty-six hundred acres was obtained
nearly two years later by Dr. George Nicholas. This land
was situated on James River, and included the present village
of Warren. In the year following, 1730, five additional
patents were issued : one to Allen Howard for four hundred
acres on James River, on both sides of the Rockfish at its
mouth ; one to Thomas Carr for twenty-eight hundred acres
on the Rivanna at the junction of its forks, and up along the
north fork ; one to Charles Hudson for two thousand acres
on both sides of the Hardware, the beginning evidently of
the Hudson plantations below Carter's Bridge; one to
Secretary John Carter for nine thousand three hundred and
fifty acres "on the Great Mountain on Hardware in the fork
of the James," and to this day called Carter's Mountain;
and one to Francis Eppes, the grandfather of Mr. Jefferson's
son-in-law of the same name, for six thousand four hundred

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 3

acres "on the branches of the Hardware, Rockfish, and
other branches of the James" — one of the branches of Hard-
ware being still known as Kppes Creek. The same year
Nicholas Meriwether located four thousand one hundred and
ninety acres more, adjoining his former tract, and running
over the South West Mountain on Turkey Run, taking out
an inclusive patent for seventeen thousand nine hundred and
fifty-two acres in one body. From the recital of this patent,
it appears that Christopher Clark was associated in the first
grant, although it was made out to Nicholas Meriwether
alone.

In 1731 only three patents were obtained within the present
county : one by Charles L,ewis for twelve hundred acres on
both sides of the Rivanna, at the mouth of Buck Island
Creek ; one by Charles Hudson for five hundred and forty
acres on the west side of Carter's Mountain; and one by
Major Thomas Carr for two thousand acres "on the back
side of the Chesnut Mountains." Several other patents were
taken out the same year along the Rivanna within the present
limits of Fluvanna County, one of which was by Martin
King, whose name is still kept in remembrance in connection
with the road which runs from Woodridge to the Union
Mills, where was a ford also called by his name.

In 1732 were made eight grants, still confined to the James
River, and the western base of the South West Mountain.
One of these was made to Thomas Goolsby for twelve hun-
dred acres "on the north side of the Fluvanna," that is, the
James ; another in the same region to Edward Scott for five
hundred and fifty acres "at a place called Totier;" another
for four hundred acres to John Key, the head of a family
which subsequently owned all the land between the South
West Mountain and the river from Edgemont to the bend
below the Free Bridge ; and another to Dr. Arthur Hopkins
for four hundred acres "on the south side of the Rivanna,
running to the mouth of a creek below Red Bank Falls,
called Ivcwis' Creek." This last entry included the site of
the future town of Milton.

Only four patents were taken out in 1733. None of them

4 HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLE

reached further west than the west bank of the Rivanna under
the shadow of the South West Mountain. One was obtained
by Charles lyynch for eight hundred acres, which extended up
the Rivanna from the mouth of Moore's Creek, and included
the plantation of Pen Park.

In 1734 thirteen grants were made. These were mainly
located near the bases of the South West Mountain on the
Rivanna and Mechunk. One was obtained by Henry Wood,
the first clerk of Goochland, and great grandfather of V. W.
Southall, for two hundred acres on the south side of the
Rivanna at the mouth of Buck Island Creek, increased subse-
quently to nearly three thousand in different tracts ; and
another by Edwin Hickman, Joseph Smith, Thomas Graves
and Jonathan Clark for three thousand two hundred and sev-
enty-seven acres on the north side of the Rivanna, running
down from Captain MacMurdo's place and embracing the
estates of Pantops and lyCgo. Another formed a notable
exception to what had hitherto been the rule. It was the
first to leave the streams, and strike out towards the middle
of 'the county. It was obtained by Joel Terrell and David
Lewis for twenty -three hundred acres, and shortly after for
seven hundred more, lying on both sides of the Three Notched
Road and extending from Lewis's Mountain, which it in-
cluded, to a point near the D. S. The Birdwood plantation
was comprehended in this tract.

From this time the county was settled with greater rapid-
ity. Most of the entries thus far noted were made in large
quantities, and by wealthy men for the purpose of specula-
tion. Few of those who have been mentioned occupied their
lands, at least in the first instance. They made the clearings
and entered upon the cultivation which the law required in
order to perfect their titles, but it was done either by tenants,
or by their own servants, whom they established in "quar-
ters." Now, however, a new order of things began. Grants
were more frequently obtained in smaller amounts by persons
who left the older districts with the design of permanently
residing in the new country. Accordingly in 1735 the num-
ber of patents rose to twenty-nine. Not that this number

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 5

was constantly maintained ; in some years, on the contrary,
it greatly diminished. The population of the colony was yet
comparatively sparse. The whole Piedmont region, and the
fertile plains of the Valley were simultaneously opened, and
held out strong inducements to settlers; and at the same
time, inviting sections in the western portions of North and
South Carolina were presented in glowing colors before the
public eye, and soon drew largely on the multitudes given to
change. Still the county steadily filled up. Patents were
taken out this year on Green Creek in its southern part, on
the south fork of Hardware near the Cove, on the south fork
of the Rivanna, on Meadow Creek, on Ivy Creek, and on
Priddy's and Buck Mountain Creeks in the north. Among
the patentees were John Henryj father of the famous orator,
to whom were granted twelve hundred and fifty acres situated
on tributaries of the south fork of the Rivanna called Henry,
Naked and Fishing Creeks, the same land afterwards owned
by the Michies southwest of Earlysville; William Randolph,
who was granted twenty-four hundred acres on the north side
of the Rivanna and Mountain Falls Creek, including the
present Shadwell and Edge Hill; Nicholas Meriwether, who
was granted a thousand and twenty acres west of the
Rivanna, embracing the plantation known as the Farm;
Peter Jefferson, who was granted a thousand acres on the
south side of the Rivanna, including Tufton; Aliraham
Ivewis, who was granted eight hundred acres on the east side
of lycwis's Mountain, then called Piney Mountain, including
the present lands of the University ; Thomas Moorman, who
was granted six hundred and fifty acres, extending from the
branches of Meadow Creek to the south fork of the Rivanna,
"including the Indian Grave low grounds ;" Michael Hol-
land, who was granted four thousand seven hundred and
fifty-three acres on both sides of Ivy Creek, including the
prsent Farmington estate; and Charles Hudson, who was
granted two thousand acres on Ivy Creek adjoining the
Holland tract, and lying southwest of Ivy Depot.

In 1735 Robert Lewis obtained a patent for four thousand
and thirty acres on the north fork of Hardware in the North
Garden.

6 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Nineteen patents were taken out in 1737. Michael Woods,
his son Archibald, and his son-in-law, William Wallace,
secured grants for more than thirteen hundred acres on
Lrickinghole, Mechum's River and Beaver Creek, embracing
the present M ichum's Depot and Blair Park. The same day
Michael Wo is purchased the two thousand acre patent of
Charles Hudson on Ivy Creek. These transactions took
place at Goochland C. H., or more likely at Williamsburg;
and this fact lends probability to the tradition that the Woods
settlement occurred at the mouth of Woods's Gap in 1734.
Crossing from the Valley into an unbroken forest, as Michael
Woods did, it is almost certain that he made a clearing and
built a cabin, and thus established his right to the estate the
law gave, before he set himself to acquire a knowledge of the
surrounding country and its owners, and to make large pur-
chases. The axe had commenced to resound atbidst the
deep solitudes at the foot of the Blue Ridge, while yet no
white settler had gone beyond the Rivanna at the South
West Mountain. The same year, 1737, Henry Terrell, of
Caroline, obtained a grant of seventeen hundred and fifty
acres on the head waters of Mechums, including the present
village of Batesville. As a suggestion of special interest, it
may be mentioned that in October of that year a William
Taylor patented twelve hundred acres lying on both sides of
Moore's Creek. It can scarcely be questioned, that this was
the tract of land which in process of time passed into the
hands of Colonel Richard Randolph, which was sold by him to
the county, and on which was laid out in 1762 the new
county seat of Charlottesville.

It was not until 1739 that the first patent was located on
Moorman's River. David Mills was by that instrument of
writing granted twenty eight-hundred and fifty acres on its
north fork. Two years later Dennis Doyle obtained the grant
of eight hundred acres on the same stream, and from him
was derived the name it has borne ever since. The same
year, 1741, Thomas Moorman patented seven hundred and
fifty acres lower down the main river, and as often as men
now speak of it, they perpetuate the memory of his name.

HISTORY OF AI.BEMARt,E 7

All sections of the county had at that time been occupied in
some degree, and the work of laying claim to its unappropri-
ated lands constantly progressed from year to year. As
late however as 1796, Matthew Gambell procured the grant
of twenty five thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight acres
lying in Albemarle, Orange and Rockingham Counties near
Seamond's Gap; and still later in 1798, John Davidson,
who subsequently removed to Hardin County, Ky,, took out
a patent for eighteen hundred and seventy-seven acres on
Buck's Elbow.

Reference has been made to the entry of bodies of land
extending over a wide area. It may be further stated, that
Major Thomas Carr patented altogether upwards of five
thousand acres; George Webb, of Charles City, in 1737
upwards of seven thousand, near a mountain north of Ear-
lysville still called by his name; Secretary John Carter in
1738, ten thousand within the present limits of Amherst;
John Chiswell in 1739, nearly thirty thousand on Rockfish
River, mainly within the present bounds of Nelson; William
Robertson in 1739, more than six thousand on Naked and
Buck Mountain Creeks; Robert Lewis in 1740, more than
six thousand on Ivy Creek; Ambrose Joshua Smith in 1741,
more than four thousand on Priddy's Creek ; Samuel Garlick,
of Caroline, in 1741 and 1746, thirty-six hundred on Buck
Mountain Creek ; Rev. Robert Rose in 1744, more than thirty-
three thousand within the present counties of Amherst and
Nelson; Rev. William Stith, President of William and
Mary, from 1740 to 1755, nearly three thousand, and Dr.
Arthur Hopkins in 1748 and 1765, nearly four thousand,
on Totier and Ballenger's Creeks; and Allen Howard in
1742, more than two thousand on the lower waters of Rock-
fish.

Mr. Jefferson, in a brief sketch of his family, wrote of his
father, "He was the third or fourth settler, about the year
1737, of the part of the county in which I live."

The act establishing the county of Albemarle was passed
by the Legislature in September, 1744. It ordained its
existence to begin from the first of January, 1745; and the

8 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

reason alleged for its formation was the "divers inconven-
iences attending the upper inhabitants of Goochland by rea-
son of their great distance from the courthouse, and other
places usually appointed for public meetings." The dividing
lines were directed to run from the point of fork of James
River — that is, from the mouth of the Rivanna, where Col-
umbia now stands — north thirty degrees east to the Louisa
line, and from the same point a direct course to Brook's
Mill, and thence the same course continued to the Appomat-
tox River. These boundaries embraced the county of Buck-
ingham, parts of Appomattox and Campbell, and the
counties of Amherst, Nelson and Fluvanna, the Blue Ridge
being the western line. That portion of the present county
north of a line running past the mouth of Ivy Creek with the
course of north sixty -five degrees west, remained in Louisa
for sixteen years longer.

In accordance with a custom already begun of commemo-
rating the governors of the Commonwealth, the name of
Albemarle was given to the new county, from the title of
William Anne Keppel, second Earl of Albemarle, at that
time Governor General of the colony.

The organization took place the fourth Thursday of Feb-
ruary, 1745, doubtless on the plantation of Mrs. Scott, near
the present Scottsville, where the next court was directed to
be held. The commission of the first magistrates was dated
the second of the preceding January. Those present were
Joshua Fry, Peter Jefferson, Allen Howard, William Cabell,
Joseph Thompson and Thomas Ballon. Howard and Cabell
administered the oaths to Fry and Jefferson, and they in
turn to the others. The oaths taken were those of a Justice
of the Peace, and of a Judge of a Court of Chancery, and the
Abjuration and Test oaths were subscribed, — the former
renouncing allegiance to the House of Stuart, and the latter
afi&rraing the receiving of the sacrament according to the
rites of the Church of England. William Randolph was
appointed Clerk by a commission from Thomas Nelson,
Secretary of the Council, and Joseph Thompson, Sheriff,
Joshua Fry, Surveyor, and Edmund Gray, King's Attorney^

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 9

by commissions from William Gooch, the Governor ; and all
were sworn in. Patrick Napier and Castleton Harper were
made Deputy Sheriffs, and Benjamin Harris, Deputy Clerk,
the following May. As appears from the Deed Books, John
Fleming was also Deputy Clerk. Thomas Turpin was
appointed Assistant Surveyor, and John Hunter, Adrian
Angle, John Hilton, John Harris, Robert White and Abra-
ham Childress, Constables. The civil offices being filled,
the military side of the organization was duly constituted.
Joshua Fry received the appointment of Lieutenant of the
county, Peter Jefferson of Lieutenant Colonel, and Allen
Howard of Major. William Cabell, Joseph Thompson,
Charles Lynch, Thomas Ballou, David Lewis, James Daniel,
James Nevel, and James Martin were sworn as Captains.
Charles Lynch, Edwin Hickman and James Daniel having
been named magistrates, were subsequently inducted into
office by taking the oaths. Of these officers, Jefferson,
Howard, Cabell and Lynch had already been magistrates,
and Jefferson had also acted as Sheriff, in Goochland. The
William Randolph, who was the first Clerk, was unquestion-
ably Colonel William Randolph, of Tuckahoe, who had
some years before entered the tract of land known as Edge
Hill.

The original attorneys who practiced in the courts of the
county, were Edmund Gray, Gideon Marr, William Bat-
tersby — whose daughter Jane, the wife of Giles Allegre, was
the mother-in-law of the eminent statesman and financier,
Albert Gallatin — James Meredith, Clement Read and John
Harvie. All except Harvie, and probably Meredith, resided
on the south side of James River,

The routine of public business was at once begun and
prosecuted with stated regularity. The location of the court-
house was a matter of deep interest. It was a conceded
point that it should be fixed on James River. Jefferson,
Howard, Lynch and Ballou were appointed to view the river
and make a report; and as the result, Samuel Scott, son of
Edward, agreed with proper security to erect at his own cost
a courthouse, prison, stocks and pillory, as good as those

10 HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE

of Goochland, the site to be selected bj' the Court, provided
it was placed on his land. The site actually chosen was on
the plantation of his brother Daniel, and is still pointed
out about a mile west of Scottsville and a quarter of a mile
north of the river bank.

During the next three years a number of ordinaries were
licensed — Giles Allegre, to keep one on Mechunk ; Daniel
Scott and John I^ewis each, one at the courthouse; Wil-
liam Battersby, opposite the courthouse; John Anthony,
in the Glendower section; James Fenly, Isaac Bates and
Gideon Marr, in Buckingham ; William Morrison, in the
Rockfish Valley ; Charles Bond, on Briery Creek, a branch
of the lower Hardware; Joseph Thompson, in the vicinity
of Palmyra; Hugh McGarrough, not far from Afton, and
John Hays, probably in the same neighborhood; and Wil-
liam Cabell, at his ferry at Warminster. Daniel Scott was
licensed to establish a ferry from the courthouse landing
to the opposite side of the river, and William Battersby, one
from his land to the mouth of Totier Creek on Daniel Scott's
land.

The roads received much attention. At that time they
were not so much to be worked, as to be opened and cleared;
and permission to this end was readily granted under the
restriction, that they should not be conducted through any
fenced grounds. John Henderson was summoned to show
cause why a road should not be cleared through his land
from the Three Notched Road to the Hardware River; that
is, from near Milton to the vicinity of Mount Air. John
Defoe was made Surveyor of the road from Number Twelve
to N.umber Eighteen — numbers used to designate the dis-
tance, probably from the courthouse to certain trees, as
mention is subsequently made of the road from the late
Secretary's Ford to the Twelve Mile Tree. David I^ewis
was Surveyor of the road over Capt. Charles Lynch's Ford,
or Ferry ; this was a road which ran from some point
on the Three Notched Road near the University, over the
shallows of the Rivanna, a short distance southeast of the
Pen Park mansion, and down the west side of the South

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 11

West Mountain. Andrew Wallace was Surveyor of the road
from the D. S. to Mechum's River Ford — Archibald and
Michael Woods, Jr. to assist in clearing it — and William
Woods from Mechum's River to Michael Woods's Gap on the
Blue Mountains. Benjamin Wheeler was Surveyor from his
place into the "Four Chopped Road" to Woods's Gap.
William Harris petitioned for a road from his plantation on
Green Creek to the South River — that is, the James — on the
lower side of Ballenger's Creek; and Robert Rose, Clerk,
petitioned for one from his place on Tye River to Leake's,
in the neighborhood of William Harris. The hands of Col.
Richard Randolph, Rev. Mr. Stith and William Harris, were
ordered to clear a road from the Green Mountain Road near
the head of Hog Creek, to the courthouse Road below Mr.
Stith's Quarter. Thetithables of the late Secretary at Clear-
Mount — which must have been at Blenheim, or in that
vicinity — were directed to work on the road from James
Taylor's Ford to Martin King's Road, that is, fiom below
Carter's Bridge to Woodridge; and his servants living above
the mountains, together with the inhabitants on Biscuit Run,
were to keep the road from David Lewis's to the late Secre-
tary's Mill. This mill was on the north fork of Hardware,
a short distance above its junction with the south fork. Fry
& Lynch were appointed to apply to the Louisa Court, to
continue the road over King's Ford on the Rivanna — at
Union Mills — from the county line to Louisa C. H. These
are a few instances of the care and energy devoted to this
important object.

Howard and Daniel were appointed to list the tithables on
the south side, and Lynch, Cabell, Hickman and Ballou,
those on the north side, of the Fluvanna River. The number
of tithables in 1745 was thirteen hundred and ninety-four, in
1746 fourteen hundred and seventy-nine, and in 1747 seven-
teen hundred and twenty -five. They were taxed twenty
pounds of tobacco per poll. Taking Mr. Jefferson's calcu-
lations in his Notes on Virginia as a basis, this would make
the whole population of the county as it then was. white and
black, in 1745 about four thousand two hundred and fifty ;

12 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

in 1746 four thousand five hundred ; and in 1747 five thousand
two hundred and seventy-five. According to the Census
Reports, the progress of the population of the county within
its present limits, has been as follows :

1790—12,585. 1830—19,747. 1870—25,800.

1800—16,439. 1840—22,618. 1880—26,625.

1810—18,268. 1850—22,924. 1890—27,554.

1820—32,618. 1860—32,379. 1900—28,473,

The population of Charlottesville was for the first time
taken separately from that of the county in 1870. Its num-
bers are as follows :

1870—2,838. 1880—2,676. 1890—5,591. 1900—6,449.

Eleanor Crawley was sentenced to receive fifteen lashes on
her bare back, well laid on, for stealing linen of the value of
eleven pence — a little over fifteen cents — and Pearce Reynolds
to receive twenty -one, for stealing a handkerchief of the same
value. James, a negro of William Cabell, for stealing
twelve pence, was burnt in the hand, and given thirty-nine
lashes at the whipping post. In a suit James Fenly gained
against Samuel Stephens, and Stephens choosing to be
whipped rather than be imprisoned, the Sheriff was ordered
to administer twenty-one lashes. The grand jury presented
George McDaniel for profane swearing — two oaths within two
months — and Abraham Childress for failing to clear the road
of which he was surveyor. On motion of David Reese, the
testimony of John and Stephen Heard, and of Patrick Nowlin,
was recorded, certifying that a piece was bit out of Reese's
left ear, in a fray with Nowlin. The testimony of Thomas
Nunn and his wife Kate was recorded, showing that they had
been imported about fourteen years before, and had never
received their dues; and subsequently their two children,
Mary and Lucretia, were directed to be bound out by the
Church wardens of St. Anne's parish.

The Court was mindful to protect its own dignity. For
misbehavior in its presence, Martin King was ordered into
custody, and bound over for a year, and Martin King, Jr.
and James Fenly were placed in the stocks.

HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 13

The scalps of wolves were reported in large numbers. One
hundred and forty pounds of tobacco were allowed for the
scalp of an old wolf, and seventy -five for that of a youiiR
one, that is, one under six months old. When tobacco
ceased to be a circulating medium, twelve and six dollars
were given as the premiums. These reports continued with
more or less regularity in subsequent years down to 1849,
the last on record, when Isaac W. Garth was awarded
twelve dollars for killing an old wolf. Jonathan Barksdale,
Samuel Jameson, William Ramsey and Ryland Rodes, are
names which appear most frequently in this connection. In
1835 Ivcwis Snow received a dollar and a half for the scalp of
a red fox. The Court agitated the removal of these pre-
miums once or twice after 1849, but there is no indication
that their offer was ever made.

The foregoing particulars were compiled from the first
order book of the County Court, a venerable relic of the past
of great interest. Unhappily the records for many years
following have been lost. ^ . .

14 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

CHAPTER II.

Albemarle County has somewhat the shape of a lozenge.
Its northwestern border follows the crest of the Blue Ridge.
Its boundary on the southwest leaves the Ridge a little
north of Rockfish Gap, runs a course of south thirty degrees
east till it strikes the Rockfish River at the mouth of Green
Creek, and then coincides with that river to its junction
with the James, The angle at the south instead of coming
to a point is irregularly truncated by the James, that river
forming its border for about fifteen miles. The southeast-
ern boundary starts from the lower end of Scottsville, and
has a course of north thirty degrees east to the western side
of the town of Gordonsville ; whence that on the northeast
runs north seventy-one degrees west till it intersects the top
of the Blue Ridge. Its greatest length from north to south
is about forty miles, and its greatest breadth about the same
distance. It has an area of slightly over seven hundred and
fifty square miles.

Its surface is greatly diversified. Parallel with the Blue
Ridge, the Southwest Mountain traverses its entire extent
at an interval of eighteen or twenty miles. This range is
continuous, except where it breaks to afford a passage for the
Rivanna, Hardware and Rockfish rivers. Its highest point,
Peter's Mountain, occurs where it enters the county on the
northeast, having an altitude of perhaps fifteen hundred feet.
In its course southward it maintains an elevation of ten or
twelve hundred feet until it passes the Hardware, when it
gradually declines, and exhibits a prominence but little
different from the surface of the surrounding country. This
mountain is for the most part a single ridge, and has none of
the lateral offshoots so characteristic of the Blue Ridge, un-
less for a short distance on the west side of its northern por-
tion. Here and there occur low depressions in its crown,
which supply a natural and convenient way for roads. North
of the Rivanna are three of these depressions — the most north-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 15

erly, the Turkey Sag, so named from Turkey Run, a branch
of Priddy's Creek which rises at its western base, the next,
Stony Point Gap, opposite the village ot that name, and the
third. Hammock's or Thurman's Gap. Between the Rivanna
and the Hardware there is but one, the Monticello Gap,
which separates Monticello from the continuation of the
range, called Carter's Mountain. South of the Hardware,
the range bears the name of Green Mountain.

In the northwest part of the county, and still more in the
southwest, irregular and massive formations raise their heads
on high, which from their disorderly appearance pass under
the name of the Ragged Mountains. Jutting from the Ridge
near the western corner is a huge spur, denominated Buck's
Elbow. Across Moorman's River to the north is another
lofty spur, the Pasture Fence Mountain, called so without
doubt because it contained one of the first enclosures for
grazing. It is a peculiar feature of this spur, as it is of the
whole Blue Ridge, that in summer it is covered with a lux-
uriant growth of blue grass ; and in former days, large
planters commonly owned farms on these mountains for the
special purpose of pasturage. Along the eastern foot of the
Pasture Fence lies a rich and beautiful valley, which from
one of its first settlers is named Brown's Cove, and which is
watered by an affluent of Moorman's River, called in early
times its north fork, but now known as Doyle's River.
Bordering the Cove on the east is a succession of smaller
eminences. Pigeon Top, Fox's Mountain and High Top,
while scattered towards the northeast are numerous elevations,
some having the appearance of ridges, and some rising as
solitary peaks, and bearing the names of Currants, Long,
Green, Buck and Piney Mountains.

Just west of where the University now stands is a small
range with a higher summit at either end, which was origi-
nally called Piney Mountain, The north end has the name
of Lewis's Mountain, and the south, Observatory Moun-
tain, from its being the site of the astronomical depart-
ment of the University. At a short interval southwest
of this range, are heaped up for some miles great moun-

16 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

tainous masses, rugged and broken, that may well be
termed by way of eminence the Ragged Mountains. These
heights are skirted on the east by a range which runs with a
good degree of continuity to the extreme southwest of the
county, called on the north side of the Hardware, Dudley's
Mountain, and on the south. Gay's, Fan's and Appleberry's.
Running off from the Ragged Mountains in a westerly direc-
tion is a range bearing the names of Martin's and Israel's
Mountains, indented by Taylor's, Martin's and Israel's Gaps ;
while south and southeast of Israel's Gap, tower aloft some
of the loftiest summits in the county, Castle Rock, High Top,
Chalk and Heard's Mountains. Some views of these im-
mense piles are truly grand and magnificent. In the midst
of these gigantic heaps, are found reaches of comparatively
level country of prime fertility, one lying along the north
fork of the Hardware called the North Garden, another on
the south fork called the South Garden, and a third, the
Rich Cove, separated by a slight elevation from the South
Garden on the south. The section north of James River is
varied by gently sloping hills, and that east of the South
West Mountain stretches away to the east as an extensive
plain, and being covered with forest, is known as the Flat-
woods.

Besides the James, the county is cut throughout its entire
breadth by two streams, and is washed at its southwest
corner by a third, all of considerable size. In the summer
the volume of water they discharge is much reduced — so
much at times, that during a remarkable drought in 1806,
James O. Carr, who was then attending school at Milton was
able to stop the entire current of the Rivanna with his hand ;
but being mountain streams, that is having their sources
near the foot of the Blue Ridge, or its outlying spurs, they
become speedily filled by heavy rains and the melting snows
of winter, frequently rush down with the fury of a torrent,
and overflow all the low grounds along their banks. The
most northerly of these water courses is the Rivanna, which
has two forks uniting about four miles north of Charlottes-
ville, and forming the main stream. The north fork is made

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 17

up near the north line of the county by the union of Swift
Run and Ivynch's River, both of which rise in Greene County
near the Blue Ridge. It flows southeast and south to its
junction with the south fork, augmented by Marsh Run,
Herring's Run, Priddy's and Foster's Creeks, flowing into
its north side, and by Beaverdam, Jacob's Run, and
Flat Branch, coming from the south. The south fork is
formed by the confluence of Moorman's and Mechum's
Rivers, and being fed on its north side by Buck Moun-
tain, Naked, Fishing and Powell's Creeks, and on its south
by Ivy Creek, runs eastwardly about five miles to its junc-
tion with the north fork. Buck Mountain Creek has a
large branch on its west side called Piney Run, Moorman's
River rises in the deep ravine between the Blue Ridge and
Pasture Fence Mountain, known as Sugar Hollow, and runs
a south and then an east course, receiving on its north side
Doyle's River, and Rocky and Ward's Creeks. Mechum's
River has a greater length, some of its head waters spring-
ing beyond the county line in Nelson, and interlocking with
branches of the north fork of Rockfish. It has also a more
tortuous channel, but its general trend is east of north. It
receives on its north side Virgin Spring Branch, Stockton's,
Beaver and Spring Creeks, and on its south, Whitesides
Creek, Pounding Branch and Broadaxe Creek. The Rivpnna
proper flows south, turns to the east in its passage through
the South West Mountain for about four miles, and then
runs southeast to the county line, when passing through
Fluvanna County, it empties into the James at Columbia.
In its course through Albemarle, it receives Red Bud, .Moun-
tain Falls, Carroll and Limestone Creeks on the nortli, and
Meadow, Moore's, Henderson's and Buck Island Creeks on
the south.

The Hardware divides into two forks, which join just
above its passage through the Southwest Mountain. The
north fork also divides not far from Red Hill Station, the
south and middle prongs heading near each other on either
side of Tom's Mountain, while the north prong rises in the
vicinity of Taylor's Gap. Just before reaching the junction

18 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

it receives on its north side Sowell's Branch. The south
fork has its source south of Castle Rock, and northwest of
Covesville. It makes its way in different directions among
the mountains, but its general course is northeast. Its
northern tributaries are Jumping Branch and Black Walnut,
and its southern, Rapshin and Eppes Creeks. A well known
branch of the latter is Beaverdam, which has recently
acquired celebrity from the Soapstone Works successfully
operated on its banks. After the union of its forks, the
Hardware pursues a southeast course, crosses the county
line about three miles north of Scottsville, and empties into
the James in Fluvanna County. It is enlarged on its north-
ern side by Murphy's and Turkey Runs, and on its south-
ern by Harris's Creek, formerly known as Little Eppes, and
by Coles's Creek, formerly called Hudson's.

The southwestern line of the county is intersected by the
head waters of Eynch's, Taylor's, Hickory and Cove Creeks,
all branches of Rockfish River. On the east side of Apple-
berry's Mountain are Ivy, Green and Hog Creeks, debouch-
ing into the same stream. Two creeks of moderate size
water the southern part of the county, and fall into the
James, one at Warren called Ballenger's, and the other about
two miles above Scottsville called Totier. Both are fed by
a number of branches. Mechunk Creek takes its rise not
far from Gordonsville, flows southwest and southeast, and
passing out of the county joins the Rivanna opposite Union
Mills. The sources of the South Anna are also in Albe-
marle, located not far from that of Mechunk.

The character of the soil is various. The degrees of its
fertility are distinguished by different colors, the richest
exhibiting a deep red, and the less fertile a gray. The
former prevails at the base of the mountains, and along the
banks of the streams. Some parts of the county, especially
in the mountainous localities, are stony; the more level
lands are free from this incumbrance. The prevalent rocks
are quartz and what is colloquially known as mountain
granite. A single vein of limestone runs through the county,
about four miles east of the Southwest Mountain. In a

HISTORV OF ALBEMARLE 19

number of places slate and soapstone occur, both of fine
quality. Gold is found in the southwestern corner. The
soil and climate of Albemarle are well adapted to all the
staple productions of the temperate zone, and are exceedingly-
favorable to the cultivation of fruit. The ravines and hol-
lows of the mountains which might seem unfitted for the
growth of any crop, are found to produce in perfection
the Albemarle Pippins, the most highly prized apples in the
world.

Most of the names given to the features of Albemarle
scenery, belonged to them from the earliest times. In the
patents first issued, the mountains and streams were already
indicated by names, and they were generally those which
they still bear. Who gave them, or why in many cases they
were given, must now be reckoned among the things un-
known. Sometimes they were suggested by natural circum-
stances, and sometimes derived from persons who were
owners, or occupiers, of the neighboring lands. The latter
have undergone more change than others, because with the
lapse of years the names of former residents passed out of
remembrance, and those of their successors were applied in
their stead. As settlements were made in different parts of
the county at the same time, it has happened that names are
frequently repeated.

The Southwest Mountain on which the first lands were
entered, was originally called the Chestnut Mountain.^. It
was also spoken of as the Ivittle Mountain. Particular por-
tions had local names, for the most part taken from owners
or first settlers, as Peter's, Carter's, Lively's, Sugar Loaf,
Monticello. Green Mountain no doubt derived its name from
the color of its luxuriant vegetation. The Blue Ridge bore
that name from the first planting of the country. The early
inhabitants called it also the Blue Ledge, and the Blue Moun -
tain. Someiimes it was designated the Great Mountain, in
opposition to the Little Mountain, and occasionally the South
Mountain, in opposition to the North Mountain on the west
side of the Valley. Buck's Klbow and-Pasture Fence — at first
Smith's Pasture Fence — Mountain have always been so called.

20 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Brown's Gap and Brown's Cove were named from the family
that largelj'^ settled the land in that region. Turk's Gap was
first called Jameson's, and Jarman's bore the name of Woods'
— all from families who lived near by. Rockfish Gap has
always had that name, acquiring it from the river which rises
in part at its base. Pigeon Top was once called Jameson's
Mountain, and may have obtained its later name from a roost
of that bird. Fox's Mountain took its name from a family
that lived on it, and High Top from its lofty peak. Currant's
and Webb's Mountains were named from persons who pos-
sessed the adjoining lands, and Buck Mountain, and the
Creek of the same name, from the abundance of deer that
roamed the forests. Piney Mountain was first called Poin-
dexter's, from the man who entered the land at its foot. Yel •
low Mountain at one time went by the name of Kpperson's.
Castle Rock was so denominated from its huge towering form,
Chalk Mountain from the light -colored rocks which face its
crest, and Heard's, Appleberry's, Fan's, Gay's, Dudley's,
from primitive settlers in their vicinity. In early times the
Mountains north of Moorman's River, and south of Me-
chum's, were called Ragged, from their disordered appear-
ance, and not from the garments of their inhabitants, as has
sometimes been suggested.

The Hardware River has always borne that name. Rivanna
was in use from the first, according to the fashion then in
vogue, of honoring Queen Anne with the names of rivers
recently discovered. In the earliest patents and deeds it was
more frequently called the north fork of the James, as the
James above the Rivanna passed under the name of the South
Fork, or more euphuistically, the Fluvanna. In some in-
stances the Rivanna was simply termed the North River,
and the Fluvanna the South. The crossing of the Rivanna
at the Free Bridge was known at the beginning of the century
as Moore's Ford, or I^ewis' Ferry, according to the stage of
water, and its north fork was sometimes called, down to a
quite recent date, the Little River. Red Bud was first named
Key's Mill Creek, or Swamp. In early days, swamp seemed
to be interchangeable with creek, no doubt from the rubbish

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 21

of logs and leaves which forages had obstructed the channels
of the smaller streams. Priddy's, Buck Mountain and Rocky
Creeks, and Jacob's and Piney Runs, had those designations
from the beginning. The names of Meadow and Ivy Creeks
obtained from the earliest times. Moorman's River was
named from Thomas Moorman, one of the first patentees on
its banks, and Mechum's, from a George Mechum, who was
an owner of land near its head. The north fork of Mechum's
was called Stockton's Creek, and its south fork, now re-
garded as the main stream, Stockton's Mill Creek, from a
numerous family occupying their margins. The middle
fork was always termed Virgin Spring Branch. Union Run
was first named Mountain Falls Creek; afterwards, from
being a favorite feeding place of the wagoners who brought
their produce to Milton, it acquired the name of Camping
Branch. Carroll's Creek was the original title of that
stream. lyimestone was first called Plum Tree Branch,
then Scales Creek, and finally its present name, from wash-
ing the only vein of limestone in the county. Buck Island
Creek was so designated from the beginning. It is a mis-
take to write it Buckeyeland, as if derived from the deer eyed
tree. The name was taken from an island in the Rivanna
opposite its mouth, and as in the case of so many objects
of natural scenery, was suggested by the great numbers of
deer found everywhere in the country. There were two otlicr
tributaries of the Rivanna below Milton in early times,
though their names are never heard at present, Henderson's
and Miller's Branches. Moore's Creek has been so called
from the first. The same is true of Biscuit Run ; but the
names of its branches, Plum Orchard on the east, and Cow
Branch on the west, have slipped from the memory of men.
A small prong of Moore's above Biscuit Run once had the
name of Edge's Creek; it is forgotten now.

There were three Beaverdams in the county, one running
into" Mechunk, another into Lynch's River, and the third
into Eppes Creek. Besides Ivy Creek that passes the depot
of that name, there is another which empties into Rockfish.
An afiluent of Priddy's Creek, and one of Ballenger's, were

22 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

both called Wolf Trap. Wolf Pit was a branch of Beaver
Creek, and a cavity on the west side of South West Mountain
had the same name. Piney Mountain was the designation,
not only of the present mountain of that name, but also of
Lewis's Mountain near the University and of an eminence
near Afton. A branch of the lower Rockfish was called Buck
Island, besides the stream so named that flows into the
Rivanna. A Turkej' Run empties into Priddy's Creek, and
another of the name enters the Hardware. There were three
Round Top Mountains, one in the Buck Mountain region,
another not far from Batesville, and another near the Uni-
versity.

Whitehall was an election precinct under the successive
names of Glenn's Store, William Maupin's Store, Maupin's
Tavern, Miller's Tavern, Shumate's Tavern, till at length
the present name was established about 1835. For a long
time Batesville went by the name of Oliver's Store. Mechum's
Depot was anciently known as Jarman's Mill, and afterwards
as Walker's Mill. Ivy Depot was formerly called Woodville.
The name of Glendower at first was Scott's Mill, then Dyer's,
and then Dawson's. Woodridge was for many years denom-
inated McGehee's Old Field. Besides Stony Point on the
Barboursville Road, there was a Stony. Point not tar from
Scottsville. Free Union formerly went by the name of
Nixville, and is still so spoken of by the older citizens.
Petersburg is the appellation of a hamlet on Priddy's Creek
between the Southern Railroad and the Barboursville Road.
Cartersburg is a straggling collection of houses on the hill
south of Rio Bridge. Brownton and Lemon Hill stand for
places not far from Glendower.

As already intimated, the former denizens of the forest
were frequently alluded to in the names by which objects
were distinguished. When the county was first occupied,
game of every kind abounded. Traces of the buffalo still
remained. A trail is said to have run up Rockfish River to
the Gap of that name. It is also reported that the old Richard
Woods Road closely followed a buffalo trail. A tract of
land belonging to the Webb entry, sold in 1769 to Isaac

HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE 23

Davis, and lying on the north fork of the Rivanna, is de-
scribed as adjoining Buffalo Meadow. A branch of Buck
Mountain Creek was called Klk Run. Deer were exceedingly
plentiful. A tradition, which descended from one of the
first settlers near the Blue Ridge, states, that by stepping
from his door almost any morning, he was able to shoot a
deer. From this circumstance it arose that the word Ihick
so frequently forms part of the names of the county. Lick
Run was a branch of Beaverdam in its northern part. Bears
were found, not only as they still are in the deep ravines of
the Blue Ridge, but also in every neighborhood. Near the
Rich Cove were Bear Creek, and Red Bear Hollow. Benja-
min Brown devised to his son Bezaleel the Bear cornfield.
In a deed of 1789, conveying land north of Stony Point, one
of the lines passed by "the Bear Spring on the road." As
late as 1823, it was stated, that Henry Bruce with two other
men, killed on the Blue Ridge twelve fine fat bears in fifteen
days. As previously mentioned, an exterminating war was
waged from the beginning against wolves. A prong of Green
Creek bore the name of Black Fox Branch. Beaver and
Beaverdam Creeks were connected with every leading stream
of the county. In the first times flocks of turkeys thronged
the woods, and every fall and spring wild ducks and geese
darkened the rivers. Tradition refers to more than one
pigeon roost, where great limbs of trees were broken down
by the countless numbers of that bird. Before the construc-
tion of dams, fish of the best kinds, shad and herring,
ascended the water courses. Dr. William Cabell derived a
considerable revenue from his fisheries on James River, and
fine shad, taken from the Rivanna, were often seen on the
tables of the early inhabitants.

There is no evidence that Indians were resident in the
county at the first approach of the white man, though they
still passed through on their journeys from one part of the
country to another. But memorials of their former occupa-
tion were not wanting. Mr. Jefferson mentions having often
seen them in his boyhood, and refers in his Notes to a large
band visiting the mound containing the remains of their an-

24 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

cestors on the Rivanna low grounds, and there expressing
their customary signs of grief. In a description of land on
Bremo Creek, in a deed of 1751, is noted a line that ran "up
to the head of the branch that the Indian shot John Lawson
at." The head stream of Buck Island that flows past Over-
ton, was variously called Indian Creek, Indian Camp Creek,
and Camping Branch, and the plantation at its source, once
owned by William Short, and sold by him to David Higgin-
botham, bore the name of Indian Camp. Flint arrowheads,
often of superior workmanship, are found in large numbers
in many sections of the county.

The first division of the county, besides its separation into
the two parishes of Fredericksv'lle and St. Anne's, was that
made by the bounds of the militia companies. Each of the
two regiments embodied in it contained eight companies, and
thus there were sixteen of these divisions. The persons
selected to perform the duty of Processioning, whilst that
method of determining the boundaries of lands was prac-
tised, were chosen foi these divisions, usually four persons
for each. They were referred to by Mr. Jefferson as forming
suitable districts for stationing common schools, and appear
in the records until quite a late period in connection with
the appointment of patrolling parties.

For a long time the county seat was the exclusive locality
for holding political elections. For electing Overseers of the
Poor, there existed in the early part of the century four dis-
tricts : for the northeast, the voting place was Trice's Tav-
ern below Turkey Sag, and afterwards Stony Point; for the
northwest, Fretwell's Store, or Free Union; for the south-
west, Everett's Tavern, or the Cross Roads; and for the
southeast. Dyer's Store. It was not until the second quarter
of the century was considerably advanced that the number of
election precincts was increased, and the convenience of the
people thus consulted. As late as 1820, Charlottesville was
the only post office for the county; subsequent to that date,
mail facilities began rapidly to multiply.

In 1846, in accordance with an act of the Legislature, the
county was divided into twenty -one School districts. A

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 25

description of their limits is recorded in the Order Book for
that year, page 312. In Deed Book No. Fifty, occurs the
record of the boundaries of ten districts for election purposes,
which were constituted in pursuance of an act of the Lcjjis-
lature passed in 1852.

The last division was effected by an act of the Legislature,
under the requirement of the new Constitution, adopted in
July, 1869. By this law the county was laid off into
five Townships, subsequently termed Districts. These
were Rivanna, Whitehall, Samuel Miller, Scottsville and
Charlottesville. In 1875 another was added, called Ivy,
which was enlarged on its northern border in 1889.

Allusion has been made to the great misfortune sustained
in the loss of the early records. The gap thus occasioned
reaches from 1748 to 1783, a period of thirty-five years, and
one intensely interesting in the history of the country at large.
The loss was caused by the wanton ravages of the British
troops near the close of the Revolutionary War. Many refer-
ences to this event are met with in the subsequent proceedings
of the County Court. In 1794 it recommended John Key,
George Divers, Thomas Garth, Thomas W. Lewis, Garland
Carr, Thomas Bell, Robert Jonett, W. W. Hening, and
Cornelius Schenk as "Commissioners to reinstate such rec-
ords as had been lost or destroyed." These persons or
others were certainly appointed for this purpose, as the Court
in one place ordered the transactions of the Commissioners
"for reinstating the records destroyed by the enemy," to be
recorded. A copy of Gideon Carr's will was proved before
them, and directed to be placed on record. On a deed from
Thomas Goolsby to Samuel Shelton dated July 1745, the
following memorandum was inscribed: "February Court,
1788. This Indenture was produced to tlie Court, and it
appearing from a certificate on the same, that it had been
formerly recorded in this Court, the record whereof was de-
stroyed by the British in the year 1781, on motion of Samuel
Sheiton it was ordered by the Court that it be recorded again,
in pursuance of an act of Assembly for that purpose." The
act here referred to may be found in Hening XII, 497. It

26 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

is hard to conceive any conduct in an army more outrageous,
more opposed to the true spirit of civilization, and withal
more useless in a military point of view, than the destruction
of public archives.

Other interruptions of the series however have happened
since that time. The order books of the Court are missing
from 1785 to 1791. Those for the years 1805 and 1827 are
also wanting. It is difficult to account for these losses,
except from want of due care in the removal of the books at
different times from one office to another.

During the long interval posterior to 1748, two events
transpired on which it is desirable to have as much light as
possible, the change of location of the Court House, and the
Revolutionary War. Materials fortunately exist to furnish
some account of both.

The first occurrence was rendered necessary by the partition
of the county in 1761. The territory on the south side of
James River was cut off to form the county of Bucking-
ham. That part tvhich lay north of the James, and west of
the Rockfish from its mouth up to the mouth of Green
Creek, and thence west of a line running directly to the
house of Thomas Bell, and continuing thence to the Blue
Ridge, was constituted the county of Amherst. At the
same time there was added to Albemarle that part of I^ouisa
lying west of a line, beginning at the boundary between
Albemarle and lyouisa on the ridge between Mechunk and
Beaverdam Swamp, and running along said ridge till inter-
sected by an east course from the widow Cobb's plantation,
and thence a direct course to the Orange line opposite the
plantation of Ambrose Coleman. When this arrangement
took place, it left the Court House on the extreme southern
border, and rendered attendance thereat unnecessarily incon-
venient to the people residing in the northern sections of the
county.

What proceedings transpired to determine the site of the
new Court House, whether it was fixed by the judgment of
the County Court, or settled by a popular vote, there remains
no means of knowing. Certain it is no more suitable place

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 2 7

than the one selected could have been chosen. It occupies
almost the exact centre of the county, it lies in the midst of
a fertile country, and it is beautiful for situation. Lofty ideas
were evidently entertained in relation to its establishment.
A thousand acres were purchased from Colonel Richard Ran-
dolph, of Henrico, extending north and south from near
/Cochran's Pond to the south side of Moore's Creek, and east
and west from the Chesapeake and Ohio Depot to Preston
Heights. The title to this property was vested in Dr.
Thomas Walker as Trustee, and he was empowered to sell
and convey it to purchasers. The town was planned at the
eastern edge of this tract, and consisted of four tiers of
squares, each tier running east and west, and containing
seven squares, and the four tiers extending from Jefferson
Street on the north to South Street on the south. The public
square for the courthouse was exterior to the limits of the
town. The act of Assembly establishing the town was
passed in November 1762. It is therein recited that fifty
acres of land contiguous to the courthouse had already been
laid off into lots and streets, and as it would be of great advan-
tage to the inhabitants of the county if established a town
for the reception of traders, it was so established, to be
called and known by the name of Charlottesville. Dictated
by the spirit of loyalty then prevalent, the name was given
in honor of Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg Strelitz, who
had recently become Queen of England as the wife of King
George III.

There being two half-acre lots in each square, the original
town contained fifty-six lots. They were not disposed of
with great rapidity. At the first sale in September 1763,
about a year after the survey of the town, fourteen lots were
sold to seven purchasers. Ten more were sold at intervals
during Ae next year. Strange to say, the most of those
alienated at first were remote from the courthouse, and lay
on Main, Water and South Streets, although it is within the
memory of some living since the Square ceased to be the
business centre of the town. The next sale took place in
October 1765, when twenty-three lots were disposed of, four-

28 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

teen being purchased at once by Beniamin Brown and David
Ross. By this time it may be supposed the courthouse was
built, and the prospects of the new settlement being some-
what assured, the spirit of speculation began to operate.
In the deed to John Moore of Lot No. Three in 17 65, it
was stated that the Court of the County was recently held
thereon.

The residue of the public land was divided into fifteen
parts, designated as outlots. They ranged in size from
thirty-three to one hundred and fifty acres. The smallest
of them lying north of the town and immediately on the
public square, was sold to John Moore in April 1764. On
this lot was a spring in the ravine behind Miss Ross' resi-
dence, which had already acquired the name of the Prison
Spring. The latter part of the same year two others adjoin-
ing the town on the south, and containing seventy-three
acres, were purchased by Richard Woods. In October 1765,
eight more lying to the north, south and west, and aggre-
gating upwards of six hundred acres, were bought by John
Moore, Joel Terrell, and Richard and Samuel Woods. The
last sale of outlots mentioned occurred in 1791, when the
most northerly of them was sold to Dr. George Gilmer.
The whole sum realized by the county from the sale of town
lots and outlots averaged a pound an acre, amounting to
thirty-three hundred and thirty-three dollars.

The improvements made in the town before the Revolu-
tion seem to have been few and scattered. One of the
earliest was the residence of Joel Terrell, which was built
on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets, where the City
Hall now stands. Thomas West, a saddler by trade, lived
on Main Street, on the square now occupied by the L,eter-
mans' Store. Samuel Taliaferro resided on the square to
the east, on which afterwards stood the dwelling and store
of Colonel Thomas Bell, occupied later by the family of Jesse
Scott, and at present the seat of the Post Office. The first
home of Dr. George Gilmer was on the south side of Main
Street, near the present location of T. T. Norman's Store.
John Day, a blacksmith, lived on the southeast corner of

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 29

Water and First Streets. Tucker Woodson, Deputy Clerk
of the County, who married Elizabeth, daughter of John
Moore, had his residence north of town, near the road to
Cochran's Mill. A short time before the outbreak of the
war, John Jouett built his public house, the Swan Tavern,
on the east of the public square, where the house of the late
Samuel L,eitch now stands. The square on which is now
erected the Perley Building, was known in those days as
"the Grass Lot," and on a part of it was a house in which
a Richard Scott lived, and which when sold during the war
was reserved to him for his life. In a house on L,ot Twenty-
one, now marked by Huyett's Corner, a Mary Murphy lived
the latter part of the war. Being afterwards married to
Joseph Neilson, they sold it in 1784, and the same year it
came into the possession of Robert Draffen, a former mer-
chant of Charlottesville.

As the war of the Revolution drew near, the people of
Albemarle were deeply aroused. Their opposition to the
obnoxious measures of the British government was prompt
and strong. Upon the first mutterings of the storm, an
independent company of volunteers was formed, and by
spirited resolves they devoted themselves to the public wel-
fare. When the election of ofl&cers was entered upon, the
choice fell upon Charles I^ewis, of North Garden, as Captain,
Dr. George Gilmer and John Marks, as lyieutenants. John
Harvie, as Ensign, William Simms, William Wood, William
T. Lewis, and John Martin, as Sergeants, and Frederick W.
Wills, Thomas Martin, Jr., Patrick Napier and David Allen,
as Corporals. As soon as the news was received of the
removal of the powder by Lord Dunmore, without waiting
for a call, eighteen men at once marched to Williamsburg.
How long they remained underarms, does not appear. They
returned home shortly after, in the midst of the prevailing
uncertainty. But their eagerness to sustain "the cause of
America," was unabated. In fact so enthusiastic was their
warmth, that they were not disposed to listen to counsels
which cooler minds deemed prudent. On receiving a mes-
sage from Captain Hugh Mercer, to the effect that the Speaker

30 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

and others thought the companies assembled should be dis-
missed, thej' were at a loss how to act. It was determined
however that the matter should be submitted to the decision
of the company. They voted to march again, and on July
11th, 1775, twenty-seven men under L/ieutenant George Gil-
mer proceeded a second time to Williamsburg.

The Convention which met on July 17th of that year,
formed sixteen districts in the colony, in which troops should
be raised for its defence. In one of these Albemarle was
associated with Buckingham, Amherst and East Augusta.
The Committee of the district convened on September 8th,
1775, at the house of James Woods in Amherst. There were
present from Albemarle, Charles Lewis and George Gilmer^
from Amherst, William Cabell and John and Hugh Rose,
from Buckingham, John Nicholas, Charles Patterson and
John Cabell, and from Augusta, Sampson Matthews, Alex-
ander McClanahan and Samuel McDowell. Thomas Jefferson
was the other delegate from Albemarle, but was absent at the
Continental Congress, of which he had been appointed a
member the previous June. At this meeting it was resolved,
that two companies of minutemen should be enlisted in each
of the counties of Albemarle, Amherst and Buckingham, and
four in that of Augusta, and that these ten companies should
constitute a battalion under George Matthews, of Augusta,
and afterwards Governor of Georgia, as Colonel, Charles
Lewis, of Albemarle, as Lieutenant Colonel, Daniel Gaines, of
Amherst, as Major, and Thomas Patterson, of Buckingham,
as Commissary. This battalion was raised and went into
camp November 11th, 1775, three miles from Rockfish Gap,
and continued in training till December 6th. Inquiry fails
to find any local tradition of the place of this camp, but it is
said that grounds at that distance from the Gap, and admir-
ably fit for military exercises, may be found on the main road
between Hebron and Rodes' Churches. Charles Lewis ap-
pears as Colonel of a battalion the next year, and was ordered
by the Convention in May to North Carolina. He was after-
wards Colonel of the Fourteenth Virginia Regiment, and at
the time of his death in 1779, Commander of the post at
Charlottesville.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 31

Soldiers from Albemarle fought on all the important bat-
tle fields of the war, Long Bridge, Trenton, Stony Point,
Brandywine, Germantown, Saratoga, Monmouth, Savannah,
Charleston, Camden, King's Mountain, Cowpeus, Guiltord,
Eutaw and Yorktown.

The most striking event connecting the county with the
war, was the location within its bounds of the camp for the
Convention Troops, as they were called; that is, the pris-
oners captured in October 1777, at Burgoyne's surrender.
These troops were first sent to Boston, whence they were to
be allowed to return to Europe on their parole not to serve
again till exchanged ; but Congress on account of its unsat-
isfactory relations with the British authorities, refused to
ratify the terms of the Convention, and the next year directed
the prisoners to be removed to Charlottesville. Being led by
way of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Frederick, Maryland,
they reached their new quarters about the first of the year
1779, and remained until October 1780. The camp was
stationed on the northern bank of Ivy Creek, on what is now
the farm of the late George Carr, and the place has ever since
borne the name of The Barracks. There remain some inter-
esting reminiscences of this episode of the war, derived from
contemporary documents.

The prisoners arrived in the winter, when a spell of ex-
tremely bitter weather was prevailing. Such was tlie lack
of preparation for their reception, and such their sufferings,
that numerous remonstrances were presented by their officers
to the Governor of the State, as well as to Congress. De-
mands were made for their immediate removal. In this state
of affairs Mr. Jefferson wrote at much length to Patrick
Henry, the Governor at that time, stating the circumstances,
and urging that there was no necessity for a change. The
letter, dated March 27th, 1779, is valuable for the interesting
facts it preserves. In the course of it he says,

"There could not have been a more unlucky concurrence
of circumstances than when these troops first came. The
barracks were unfinished for want of laborers, the spell of
weather, the worst ever known within the memory of man, no

32 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Stores of bread laid in, the roads by the weather and the
number of wagons soon rendered impassable ; and not only
the troops themselves were greatly disappointed, but the
people of the neighborhood were alarmed at the consequences
which a total failure of provisions might produce.

"The barracks occupy the top and brow of a very high
hill ; you have been untruly told they were in a bottom.
They are free from fog, have four springs which seem to be
plentiful, one within twenty yards of the picket, and another
within two hundred and fifty; and they propose to sink
wells within the picket. Of four thousand people it should
be expected according to the ordinary calculations, that one
should die every day. Yet in the space of more than three
months there have been but four deaths, two infants under
three weeks old, and two others by apoplexy. The officers
tell me the troops were never so healthy since they were
embodied.

"The mills on James River above the falls, open to canoe
navigation, are very many. Some of these are of great
value as manufacturers. The barracks are surrounded by
mills. There are five or six round about Charlottesville.
Any two or three of the whole might in the course of the
winter manufacture flour sufficient for the year.

"The officers after considerable hardship have procured
quarters comfortable and satisfactory to them. In order to
do this, they were obliged in many instances to hire houses
for a year certain, and at such exorbitant rents as were sufl5-
cient to tempt independent owners to go out of them, and
shift as they could. These houses in most cases were much
out of repair. They have repaired them at considerable
expense. One of the general ofiicers has taken a place for
two years, advanced the rent for the whole time, and been
obliged moreover to erect additional buildings for the accom-
modation of part of his family, for which there was not room
in the house rented. Independent of the brick work, for the
carpentry of these additional buildings I know he is to pay
Bltcen hundred dollars. The same gentleman to my knowl-
edge has paid to one person thirty-six hundred and seventy

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK 33

dollars, for different articles to fix himself commodiously.
They have generally laid in their stocks of grain and other
provisions. They have purchased cows, sheep, &c., set in
to farming, prepared their gardens, and have a prospect of
quiet and comfort before them.

"To turn to the soldiers. The environs of the barracks
are delightful, the ground cleared, laid off in hundreds of
gardens, each enclosed in its separate paling; these are well
prepared, and exhibiting a fine appearance. General Riede-
sel alone laid out upwards of two hundred pounds in garden
seeds for the German troops only. Judge what an extent of
ground these seeds would cover. There is little doubt that
their own gardens will furnish them a great abundance of
vegetables through the year. Their poultry, pigeons and
other preparations of that kind present to the mind the idea
of a company of farmers, rather than a camp of soldiers.
In addition to the barracks built for them by the public, and
now very comfortable, they have built great numbers for
themselves in such messes as fancied each other; and the
whole corps, both officers and men, seem now happy and
satisfied with their situation."-

Besides this narrative of Mr. Jefferson, there is extant an
account of the Barracks, and of the condition of affairs in the
surrounding country, in the published letters of Major
Thomas Anbury, a British officer, and one of the prisoners.
These letters were despatched from time to time to his friends
in England, and exhibit a detail of his experiences and ob-
servations, from Burgoyne's march from Canada till near the
close of the war. They were written in a free, dashing style,
and while his descriptions are sprightly and entertaining,
they present things in such aspects and colors as would natu-
rally be expected from^ a British point of view. Most of
those written from Albemarle were dated at Jones's Plantation,
and the circumstances to which he refers make it evident
that the place was that of Orlando Jones, situated north of
Glendower, and now bearing the name of Refuge. Respect-
ing matters concerning the prisoners, he writes,

"On our arrival at Charlottesville, no pen can describe the
—3

34 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

scene of misery and confusion that ensued; the officers of
the first and second brigades were in the town, and our ar-
rival added to their distress. This famous place we had
heard so much of, consisted only of a courthouse, one tavern,
and about a dozen houses, all of which were crowded with
officers; those of our brigade were therefore obliged to ride
about the country, and entreat the inhabitants to take us in.
As to the men, their situation was truly horrible, after the
hard shifts they had experienced in their march from the
Potomac. They were, instead of comfortable barracks, con-
ducted into a wood, where a few log huts were just begun to
be built, the most part not covered over, and all of them full of
snow. These they were obliged to clear out and cover over,
to secure themselves from the inclemency of the weather as soon
as they could, and in the course of two or three days rendered
a habitable, but by no means a comfortable, retirement.
What added greatly to the distress of the men was the want
of provisions, as none had as yet arrived for the troops, and
for six days they subsisted on the meal of Indian corn made
into cakes. The person who had the management of every-
thing, informed us that we were not expected till spring.

"Never was a country so destitute of every comfort. Pro-
visions were not to be purchased for ten days ; the ofiicers
subsisted upon fat pork and Indian corn made into cakes,
not a drop of spirit of any kind; what little there had been,
was already consumed by the first and second brigades.
Many officers to comfort themselves put red pepper into
water to drink by way of cordial. Upon a representation of
our situation Ijy Brigadier General Hamilton to Colonel Bland,
who commanded the American troops, he promised to make
the situation of the men as comfortable as possible; and with
all expedition. The officers upon signing a parole might go to
Richmond and other adjacent towns, to procure themselves
quarters; accordingly a parole was signed, which allowed a
circuit of near a hundred miles. And after they had drawn
lots, as three were to remain in the barracks with the men,
or at Charlottesville, the principal part of them set off for
Richmond, while many are at plantations twenty or thirty

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 35

miles from the barracks. On the arrival of the troops at
Charlottesville, the officers what with vexation and to keep
out the cold, drank rather freely of an abominable liquor
called peach brandy, which if drunk to excess, the fumes
raise an absolute delirium, and in their cups several were
guilty of deeds that would admit of no apology. The inhab-
itants must have thought us mad, for in the course of three
or four days there were no less than six or seven duels
fought.

"I am quartered with Major Master and four other officers
of our regiment at this plantation, about twenty miles from
the barracks. The owner has given up his house and gone
to reside at his overseer's, and for the use of his house we
pay him two guineas a week. It is situated upon an emi-
nence, commanding a prospect of near thirty miles around
it, and the face of the country appears an immense forest,
interspersed with various plantations four or five miles dis-
tant from each other. Informing the Commissary of pro-
visions where we were quartered, he gave us an order on a
Colonel Coles, who resides about four miles distant, to supply
us, he being appointed to collect for the use of Congress in
this district; who upon application sent us about a month's
provision of flour and salt pork for ourselves and servants.
Cattle, horses, sheep and hogs followed the cart, to lick the
barrels containing the salt meat.

"The house where General Phillips resides is called Blen-
heim. It was erected shortly after that memorable battle
by a Mr. Carter, Secretary of the Colony, and was his favor-
ite seat of residence. It stands on a lofty eminence, com-
manding a verj' extensive prospect. Colonel Carter, its pres-
ent proprietor, possesses a most affluent fortune, and has a
variety of seats surpassing Blenheim, which he suffers to go
to ruin. When General Phillips took it, it was crowded with
negroes, sent to clear a spot of ground a few miles off. The
extent of his land is immense, and he has fifteen hundred
negroes on his different plantations.

"The Congress must be acquitted of the bad treatment of
the prisoners; they were misguided and duped by a Colonel

36 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Harvie, a member from this province. When Virg:inia was
fixed on as a depot for the prisoners, Colonel Harvie pro-
posed to Congress to remove the Convention army to a tract
of land belonging to him, about six miles from Charlottes-
ville, about four from the Blue Mountains, and near two
hundred from the sea coast; and if Congress approved, he
would engage to build barracks and lay in provisions by the
ensuing spring. The resolution was passed the latter end of
June. Colonel Harvie immediately resorted to Virginia, and
set all his negroes, and a number of the inhabitants, to build
the barracks and collect provisions ; and after having planned
everything, he left its completion to the management of his
brother, and returned to Congress. His brother not possess-
ing so much activity, and not being perhaps so much in-
terested in the business, did not pay proper attention to it;
and this was the cause why the barracks were not finished,
and affairs were in such confusion on our arrival. Colonel
Harvie supposed all would be ready by Christmas.

"Colonel Bland, who commands the American troops, was
formerly a physician at a place called Petersburg on the
James River, but at the commencement of the war, as being
in some way related to Bland, who wrote a military treatise,
he felt a martial spirit arise within him, quitted the Ksculapian
art, and at his own expen.se raised a regiment of light horse.
As to those troops of his regiment with Washington's army,
I cannot say anything; but the two the Colonel has with
him here for the purposes of express and attendance, are the
most curious figures you ever saw ; some like Prince Pretty-
man with one boot, others without any ; some hoseless, with
their feet peeping out of their shoes, others with breeches
that put decency to the blush; some in short jackets, and
some in long coats, but all have fine dragoon caps, and long
swords slung around tluin ; sotne with holsters, some with-
out, but, gramt-rcy, pistols, they haven't a brace and a
half among them; but they are tolerably well mounted, and
that is the only thing you can advance in their favor. The
Colonel is so fond of his dragoons, that he reviews and
maneuvers them every morning, and when he rides out, has

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 37

two with drawn swords before, and two behind. It is really
laughable to see him thus attended by his ragged regiment,
which looks, to borrow Shakespeare's idea, as if the gibbets
had been robbed to make it up ; then the Colonel himself,
notwithstanding his martial spirit, has all the grave deport-
ment as u he were going to a consultation. He greatly
amused some of us calling to see him not long since. He
had just mounted his horse to ride out, and seeing us ap-
proach, and wishing to air his French, he called out very
pompously to his orderly, ' Donne z moi — donnez mot — eh —
mon scabbard!' "

In May 1779, he wrote,

"A few days ago Madame Riedesel, [who with her hus-
band. Baron Riedesel, was living at Colle, near Simeon]
with two of her children, had a narrow escape. As she was
going to the barracks in her post chaise, when the carriage
had passed a wooden bridge — which are of themselves very
terrific, being only so many rough logs laid across beams,
without any safeguard on either side — an old rotten pine fell
directly between the horses and the chaise, but providentially
did no other damage than crushing the two fore wheels to
pieces, and laming one of the horses.

"I am filled with sorrow at being obliged to relate the
death of W — , a relative of Sir Watkin Williams Wynne.
He had been drinking peach brandy till he became insane;
and riding from Charlottesville to the barracks, he contrived
to escape his companions, and next morning was found dead
in a by -place five miles off, being tracked by the foot -prints
of his horse in the snow."

From the Barracks, to which he had removed in the early
part of 1780, he wrote later,

"The log huts of the men are becoming dangerous from the
ravages of insects, that bear the appellation of Sawyers, and
are infested with rats of enormous size. The prisoners are
deserting in great numbers, especially the Germans, and
duels have become very frequent among the German officers. ' '

On November 20th, 1780, he wrote from Winchester,

"About six weeks ago we marched from Charlottesville

38 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

barracks, Congress being apprehensive that Cornwallis in
overrunning the Carolinas might by forced marches retake
the prisoners. The oflP-cers murmured greatly at the step,
having been given to understand that they were to remain
till exchanged. Many had laid out considerable sums to ren-
der their huts comfortable, particularly by replacing the wood
chimneys with stone, and to promote association, they had
erected a coffee house, a theatre, a cold bath, &c. My
miserable log hut, not more than sixteen feet square, cost
between thirty and forty guineas in erecting. The woods had
been cleared away for the space of six miles in circumference
around the barracks. It had become a little town, and there
being more society, most of the officers had resorted thither.
After we quitted the barracks, the inhabitants were near a
week in destroying the cats that were left behind; impelled
by hunger, they had gone into the woods, and there was rea-
son to suppose they would become extremely wild and fero-
cious, and would be a great annoyance to their poultry. We
crossed the Pignut Ridge, or more properly the Blue Moun-
tains, at Woods's Gap, and though considerably loftier than
those we crossed in Connecticut, we did not meet with so
many difficulties ; in short, you scarcely perceive till you are
upon the summit that you are gaining an eminence, much
less one that is of such a prodigious height, owing to the
judicious manner that the inhabitants have made the road,
which by its winding renders the ascent extremely easy.
After traveling near a mile through a thick wood before you
gain the summit of these mountains, when you reach the top,
you are suddenly surprised with an unbounded prospect that
strikes you with amazement. At the foot of the mountain
runs a beautiful river; beyond it is a very extensive plain,
interspersed with a variety of objects to render the scene still
more delightful; and about fifty miles distant are the lofty
Alleghany Mountains, whose tops are buried in the clouds."
As Anbury's work is out of print, it will no doubt prove
acceptable to give a few extracts, in which are presented
the condition of the country, and the state of society, as
viewed l>y a stranger occupying his peculiar circumstances.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 39

"The plantations are scattered here and there over the
land, which is thickly covered with timber. On these there
is^a dwelling house in the centre, with kitchen, smoke house,
and other outhouses detached, and from the various build-
ings each plantation has the appearance of a small village.
At some little distance from the houses are peach and apple
orchards, and scattered over the plantations are the negroes'
huts, and tobacco barns, which are large and built of wood
for the cure of that article. The houses are most of them
built of wood, the roof being covered with shingles, and not
always lathed and plastered within; only those of the bet-
ter sort are finished in that manner, and painted on the out-
side; the chimneys are often of brick, but the generality of
them are wood, coated on the inside with clay; the windows
of the better sort are glazed, the rest have only wooden shut-
ters.

"All taverns and public houses in Virginia are called
Ordinaries, and 'faith, not improperly in general. They
consist of a little house placed in a solitary situation in the
middle of the woods, and the usual method of describing the
roads is. From such an ordinary to such a one, so many
miles. The entertainment you meet with is very poor indeed ;
you are seldom able to procure any other fare than eggs and
bacon with Indian hoe cake, and at many of them not even
that. The only liquors are peach brandy and whiskey.
They are not remiss however in making pretty exorbitant
charges. Before the war, I was told, one might stop at any
plantation, meet with the most courteous treatment, and be
supplied with everything gratuitously. Gentlemen hearing
of a stranger at an ordinary, would at once send a negro
with an invitation to his house.

"Most of the planters consign the care of their plantations
and negroes to an overseer; even the man whose bouse we
rent has his overseer, though he could with ease superintend
it himself; but if they possess a few negroes, they think it
beneath their dignity; added to which, they are so abomi-
nably lazy. I'll give you a sketch of this man's general way
of living. He rises about eight o'clock, drinks what he

40 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

calls a julep, which is a large glass of rum sweetened with
sugar, then walks, or more generally rides, round his planta-
tion, views his stock, inspects his crops, and returns about
ten o'clock to breakfast on cold meat or ham, fried hominy,
toast and cider ; tea and coffee are seldom tasted but by the
women. He then saunters about the house, sometimes
amusing himself with the little negroes who are playing
round the door, or else scraping on a fiddle. About twelve
or one he drinks a toddy to create him an appetite for dinner,
which he sits down to at two o'clock. After he has dined he
generally lies down on the bed, rises about five, then perhaps
sips some tea with his wife, but commonly drinks toddy till
bed time; during all this time he is neither drunk nor sober,
but in a state of stupefaction. This is his usual mode of
living which he seldom varies; and he only quits his plan-
tation to attend the Court House on court days, or some
horse race or cock fight, at which times he gets so egregi-
ously drunk, that his wife sends a couple of negroes to con-
duct him safe home.

"Thus the whole management of the plantation is left to
the overseer, who as an encouragement to make the most of
the crops, gets a certain portion as his wages ; but having no
interest in the negroes any further than their labor, he drives
and whips them about, and works them beyond their strength,
sometimes till they expire. He feels no loss in their death,
he knows the plantation must be supplied, and his humanity
is estimated by his interest, which rises always above freezing
point. It is the poor negroes who alone work hard, and I
am sorry to say, fare hard. Incredible is the fatigue which
the poor wretches undergo, and it is wonderful that nature
should be able to support it. There certainly must be some-
thing in their constitution as well as their color different from
us, that enables them to endure it. They are called up at
daybreak, and seldom allowed to swallow a mouthful of
hominy or hoecake, but are drawn out into the field immedi-
ately, where they continue at hard labor without intermission
till noon, when they go to their dinners, and are seldom
allowed an hour for that purpose. Their meal consists of

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 41

hominy and salt, and if their master is a man of humanity,
touched by the finer feelings of love and sensibility, he allows
them twice a week a little fat, skimmed milk, rusty bacon and
salt herring to relish this miserable and scanty fare. The
man of this plantation in lieu of these, grants his negroes an
acre of ground, and all Saturday afternoons, to raise grain
and poultry for themselves. After they have dined, they re-
turn to labor in the field till dusk in the evening. Here one
naturally imagines the daily labor of these poor creatures
was over. Not so. They repair to the tobacco houses where
each has a task of stripping allotted, which takes up some
hours, or else they have such a quantity of Indian corn to
husk; and if they neglect it, they are tied up in the morning,
and receive a number of lashes from those unfeeling monsters,
the overseers, whose masters suffer them to exercise their
brutal authority without restraint. Thus by their night task
it is late in the evening before these poor creatures return to
their second scanty meal, and the time taken up at it en-
croaches upon their hours of sleep, which for refreshment of
food and sleep together can never be reckoned to exceed eight.
When they lay themselves down to rest, their comforts are
equally miserable and limited; for they sleep on a bench or
on the ground, with an old scanty blanket, which serves them
at once for bed and covering. Their clothing is not less
wretched, consisting of a shirt and trousers of coarse, thin,
hard, hempen stuff in tne summer, with an addition of a very
coarse woolen jacket, breeches and shoes in winter. But
since the war the masters, for they cannot get the clothing as
usual, suffer them to go in rags, and many in a state of
nudity. The female slaves share labor and repose just in the
same manner, except a few who are termed house negroes,
and are employed in household drudgery. These poor crea-
tures are all submissive to injuries and insults, and are obliged
to be passive. The law directs the negro's arm to be cut off,
who raises it against a white person. Notwithstanding this
humiliating state and rigid treatment to which they are sub-
ject, they are devoid of care, contented and happy, blest with
an easy, satisfied disposition. They always carry out a piece

42 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

of fire, and kindle one near their work, let the weather be
ever so hot and sultry.

"There were, and still are, three degrees of rank among
the inhabitants, exclusive of the negroes ; but I am afraid the
advantage of distinction will never exist again in this country,
in the same manner it did before the commencement of hostil-
ities. The first class consists of gentlemen of the best
families and fortunes, which are more respectable and
nuuKrous here than in anj' other province. P'or the most
part they have jjad liberal educations, possess a thorough
knowledge o{j^»|l(orId, with great ease and freedom in their
manners ana conversation. Many of them keep their car-
riages, have handsome services of plate, and without excep-
tion kp'ep their studs, as well as sets of handsome carriage
horses.

"The second class consists of such a strange mixture of
character, and of such various descriptions of occupation,
being nearly half the inliabitants, that it is difficult to ascer-
tain their exact criterion and leading feature. They are
however hospitable, generous and friendly; but for a want of
a proper knowledge of the world, and a good education, as
well as from their continual intercourse with their slaves,
over whom they are accustomed to tyrannize, with all their
good qualities they are rude, ferocious and haughty, much
addicted to gaming and dissipation, particularly horse
racing and cock fighting. In short, they form a most un-
accounta])le combination of qualities, directly opposite and
contradictory, many having them strangely blended with the
best and worst of principles, many possessing elegant accom-
plishments and savage brutality; and notwithstanding all
this inconsistency of character, numbers are valuable mem-
bers of the community, and very few deficient in intellectual
faculties.

"The third class, which in general composes the greatest
part of mankind are fewer in Virginia in proportion to the
inhabitants, than perhaps in any other country of the world ;
yet even tho.se who are rude, illiberal and noisy, with a tur-
bulent disposition, are generous, kind and hospitable. We

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 43

are induced to imagine there is something peculiar in the
climate of Virginia, that should render all classes of so hos-
pitable a disposition. The lower people possess that imper-
tinent curiosity so disagreeable to strangers, but in no degree
equal to the inhabitants of New England. They are averse to
labor, much addicted to liquor, and when intoxicated ex-
tremely savage and revengeful. Their amusements are the
same with those of the middling sort, with the addition of
boxing matches.

"We found many gentlemen of the province very liberal
and hospitable to the British officers, among whom I may
mention Messrs. Randolph, of Tuckahoe, Goode, of Chester-
field, and Gary, of Warwick. In conversing with the pris-
oners, they carefully refrain from politics. So warm and
bigotted was the prevailing spirit, that those who exercise i
such courtesy incurred much criticism and censure. Some
went so far on this account as to threaten to burn Colonel
Randolph's mills. He however treated the matter with an
easy independence, offering on the other hand five hundred
pounds for the discovery of those who made the threat.

"There is a place called Kentucky, whose soil is ex-
tremely fruitful, and where an abundance of buffaloes is
found. The emigration of the people to that place is amaz-
ing, seeking thereby to escape the tyranny and oppressions
of the Congress, and its. upstart dependents.

"In this neighborhood I visited Colonel Walker, a mem-
ber of Congress, and found his home a hospitable house, but
unpleasant, because the family chiefly conversed on politics,
though with moderation. His father is a man of strong
understanding, though considerably above eighty years of
age. He freely declared his opinions of what America
would be a hundred years hence, and said the people would
reverence the resolution of their fathers, and impress the
same feeling on their children, so that they would adopt the
same measures to secure their freedom, which had been used
by their brave ancestors."

As can be seen by every intelligent reader, some of the
information Anbury received from others was erroneous, or

44 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

misunderstood, mauy of his observations were no doubt
hastily formed, and all related to a country, and people, suf-
fering: under the hardships of war, and were tinctured by the
prejudices and mortification of a vanquished enemy. Still
his account is full of interest to those now living, inasmuch
as it exhibits the views of a young man of cleverness and
education, and especially of one who spent nearly two years
of that memorable era on the soil of the county, and among
the men who were then the conductors of its affairs. Copies
of his Travels, as his book was called, are now rarely to be
found.

Not long before the removal of the prisoners, an unhappy
tragedy occurred at the Barracks. James Garland, Jr., an
officer of the guards, was killed by Ivawrence Mansfield
while on duty as a sentinel. According to all the traditions
connected with the case, it was a justifiable homicide. It
was owing to a refusal to halt and give the countersign.
The motive of Garland is differently explained. One ac-
count represents him as designing to test the competence
and fidelity of the guard. Another version has it, that he
was indulging a spirit of frolic. With a number of compan-
ions he had been invited to an entertainment in the neighbor-
hood. As they mounted their horses, he announced that he
would have a little fun with the sentry. He preceded the
others, and approaching the station was hailed. He con-
tinued to ride on heedless of the warning. The sentinel
raised his gun, and intended, as he said afterwards, to fire
above the offender; but just as the gun was discharged,
Garland's horse reared, and the ball struck the rider's head
with fatal effect. His remains were buried on his farm some
miles west of Batesville, and but a few years ago his grave
was pointed out near the cabin of a negro, who in the
changes of the times had become the owner of the place.
The will of the unfortunate man is on record, and from the
serious spirit with which it is pervaded, one would judge
that the first account more probably indicates the reason of
his conduct.

The Tarleton Raid upon Charlottesville took place in June,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 45

1781. With two hundred and fifty horse, the British com-
mander was passing I^oiiisa C. H. at a rapid rate, when they
were seen by John Jouett, who at the time was a temporary
sojourner at the place. Suspecting their object, he leaped
on his horse, and being familiar with the roads he took the
shortest cuts, and soon left the enem}^ behind. He obtained
a considerable advantage in addition by the detention Tarle-
ton underwent at Castle Hill, where he stopped for breakfast,
and for thecapture of several members of the Legislature who
were visiting Dr. Walker. Meeting an acquaintance near
Milton, he despatched him to Monticello to warn Mr. Jeffer-
son, who was then Governor of the State, while he pushed
on to give the alarm at Charlottesville. By this means the
Legislature which had just convened at that place, was
notified in time to adjourn, and make a precipitate retreat
to Staunton. After a short interval Tarleton and his troop
entered the town. Though disappointed in their main object,
they remained a part of two days, and it is said destroyed a
thousand firelocks, four hundred barrels of powder, together
with a considerable quantity of clothing and tobacco. The
most important as well as most useless waste they committed,
was the destruction of the public records already mentioned
— a great contrast to the orders given the officer detailed to
Monticello, to allow nothing on the premises to be injured.
It is stated that Captain John Martin, a son-in-law of old
David Lewis, was stationed in the town with two hundred
men. Had they been seasonably apprised of the real state of
the case, they might have lain in ambush in the gorge below
Monticello, and sent the enemy on their return more quickly
than they came. But the suddenness of the alarm , the uncer-
tainty respecting the numbers approaching, and the wide-
spread terror of Tarleton's name, probably led Captain Martin
to think that the most prudent course was to withdraw from
the scene.

While at Charlottesville, Tarleton made his headquarters
at the Farm, the residence of Nicholas Lewis. The story is
told, that in living on the enemy, the British soldiers speedily
made way with a fine flock of ducks belonging to Mrs. Lewis,

46 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

at the same time for some reason laying no hands on its
veteran leader. When after Tarleton's departure she was
informed of her loss, she promptl}^ ordered a servant to take
the forlorn drake, and riding after the Colonel to present it
to him with her compliments. Appreciating the courteous
irony of the act, the Colonel bade the servant present his
mistress in return his profoundest thanks. It is also related,
that Mrs. Lewis was not as bitter in her feelings towards the
invaders of her country as the other members of her family,
and that the arm chair in which Tarleton sat while an inmate
of her house was ever after cherished as an object of special
veneration.

As the buildings of Charlottesville were not numerous at
that period, it is a question of some interest where the Legis-
lature held its sessions. It is rather singular that no authen-
tic tradition in regard to it has been handed down. It has
been claimed, that they convened in the tavern which stood
on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets, where the City
Hall now stands. The same claim has been made respecting
the old Swan Tavern. The house, which is situated in the
rear of the late Thomas Wood's, and which is said to have
been removed from the public square in front of the court
house as a cottage of the Eagle Tavern, has also been pointed
out as the building; but it is not likely that the Eagle Tavern
was built as early as the Revolutionary War. The strong
probability is that the courthouse was the place of their
meeting. It may have been this circumstance that brought
Tarleton's vengeance on its contents ; and for nearly fifty years
subsequent to that date, it afforded accommodation to almost
all tlie public assemblies of the town, both civil and ecclesi-
astical.

The anecdote is recounted by the historians of Augusta
County in regard to Patrick Henry flying with breathless
haste, when a rumor of Tarleton's approach created a panic
in Staunton. The same story is told, with the scene laid in
Albemarle, and a sturdy Scotch Irish matron of the Blue
Ridge section as the great man's devoted admirer. The ora-
tor with two companions in their llight to Staunton, alighted

HisTOKY OF Albemarle' 47

at a house near the Ridge to procure the means of refreshing
their weary frames after their hard ride. The mother of the
household, while superintending a supply for their wants,
learned that thej' were members of the Legislature, and were
escaping from the dreaded Tarleton. She eyed them with
evident contempt, and at length declared her firm belief, that
if Patrick Henry had been there, he never would have
quailed before the foe. "Why, madam," said one of his
friends, laughing, "there is the man himself!" The
announcement received no credit, till the silence of the dis-
tinguished fugitive brought about a reluctant assent. The
looks of the woman betrayed her utter amazement, and she
no doubt thought that things were indeed fast rushing to ruin,
v/hen the idol of her trust had so wofullj^ failed.

It seems there were owners of land in Albemarle, whose
sj-mpathies ran on the British side during tl:e Revolution.
Under the law confiscating the property of such persons to
the State, six inquisitions were held in the year 1779 before
Peter Marks, the public escheator. One of these referred to
eight hundred acres of John Lidderdale on Buck Mountain
Creek, and was held on the premises ; another to Lot Twenty-
Two in Charlottesville, on which the former Presbyterian
Church stands, and which belonged to Robert Bain; another
to seven and a half acres adjoining Charlottesville on the east,
belonging to Donald Scott &. Co., the property afterwards
owned by Judge Dabney Carr, and later the home of Ira
Garrett; both of these inquisitions were held in Charlottes-
ville. Another referred to more than three thousand acres
on Ivy Creek, and fifty-two negroes, the property of Francis
Jerdone, including the Farmington estate, and was held at
the house of his steward, James Garland, Jr. ; another to two
hundred acres on the south fork of Hardware, and the last to
four hundred and fifty acres on James River, both tracts
belonging to Henderson, McCaul & Co., the inquisition on
the former being held on the premises, and that on the latter
at the house of Charles Irving. In all these cases the juries
rendered a verdict of condemnation. Robert Bain however
appears to have made his peace with the State, as in 1781 the

48 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Legislature bj' a special act restored his estate, or made com-
pensation for whatever part had been sold, on condition of
his taking the oath of allegiance. Francis Jerdone too must
in some way have made proper amends in the public eye, as
he himself sold the same property to George Divers in 1785.
It may be interesting to mention the names of the jury which
sat in Charlottesville: James Kerr, foreman, James Marks,
Thomas Garth, Bennett Henderson, Charles Lilburn Ivcwis,
Benjamin Dod Wheeler, Richard Woods, Charles Statham,
John Ke}', Benajah Gentr}^ Isham I^ewis, William Grayson
and Jacob Oglesby. In this connection it may be stated, that
in August 1785 a deed from Thomas Meriwether, heir-at-law
of Captain David Meriwether, to Chiles Terrell was ordered to
be recorded, and a note was entered at the same time, that
the same deed had been presented at November Court 1777,
but its record had been refused, because of the suspicion that
Mr. Terrell had not taken the oath of allegiance. In all
ages, such differences of opinion have occurred in the trying
ordeals of warm political strife.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 49

CHAPTER III.

A weather-beaten stone lies near the centre of Maplewood
Cemetery in Charlottesville, inscribed with the name of
Letitia Shelby, and the statement that she departed this life
on September 7th, 1777. This Cemetery was not laid out
until 1831. Previous to that time families of the town were
generally in the habit of interring their dead in their own
lots. A public graveyard however is said to have existed on
the road to Cochran's Mill, about where the residence of
Drury Wood now stands, and from this place this stone was
removed after Maplewood was established. It is declared by
descendants of the Shelby family, that this Letitia was the
wife of General Evan Shelby, and mother of General Isaac
Shelby, the first Governor of Kentucky. A curious inquiry
arises how she came to be in Charlottesville, or in Albe-
marle County, at the time of her death.

Evan Shelby was an immigrant from Wales, and at first
settled in Maryland, near Hagerstown. There his son Isaac
was born in 1750. In the year 1771 father and son were both
in southwestern Virginia, in the neighborhood of Bristol;
and there the home of Evan Shelby continued to be during
his life. It is natural to suppose that his wife, whose maiden
name was Eetitia Cox, accompanied them to their new home
in the West. Whether she was visiting friends in Albemarle,
or was passing through on a journey, at the period of her
last sickness, it is perhaps impossible now to ascertain.
But the plain, well preserved inscription on her tombstone
leaves no doubt that this vicinity was the place of her death.
A tradition in the Floyd family states, that about 1680 a
Nathaniel Davis, who was also a native of Wales, married a
child of Nicketti, a daughter of the Indian Chief, Opechan-
canough, the brother of Powhatan. Robert Davis was a son
of these parents, and an ancestor of Jefferson Davis, President
of the Confederacy; and a granddaughter of Robert Davis
—4

50 HISTORY O-P ALBEMARLE

was the wife of Evan Shelby. Probability is lent to this
account by the fact, that Robert Davis had a son named
Samuel, who would thus be the uncle of L,etitia Shelby ; and
Samuel Davis was the owner of several tracts of land in
Albemarle, on the north fork of Rockfish, on Green Creek,
and on both sides of Moore's Creek, adjoining the Carter
lands. At the time of her death, Mrs. Shelby may have been
visiting the family of this man.

General George Rogers Clark, the famous conqueror of
the North West Territory, first saw the light in Albemarle.
His grandfather, Jonathan Clark, of King and Queen County,
joined with Hickman, Graves and Smith, as already men-
tioned, in patenting more than three thousand acres of land
on the north side of the Rivanna. opposite the Free Bridge. '
In the division of this land, the upper portion fell to Clark;
and in a house situated a short distance from the present
residence of Captain C. M. McMurdo, John Clark, the son
of Jonathan, lived, and George Rogers was born. The wife
of John Clark, and mother of George, was Ann Rogers, a
sister of Giles, George and Byrd Rogers, all of whom pos-
sessed land in Albemarle, in the Buck Mountain region.
The birth of George Rogers Clark occurred in 1752, and
when he was about five years of age his father removed to
Caroline, where a kinsman had devised to him a handsome
estate. It is not known that in his active and eventful life,
the General was ever again in the county of his birth but
once. In the fall of 1777 he travelled from Kentucky to
Richmond, to procure means for setting on foot the expedi-
tion to Illinois, which he had already conceived, and which
he carried out the next year. His route lay through Cum-
berland Gap, and the Holston country. He came down the
Valley, and crossed the Blue Ridge at Rockfish Gap, or one
of the gaps just above. He states in his diary that he spent
the night at a Mr. Black's, who was beyond question James
Black, a son of the old Presbyterian minister, who kept a
tavern on the place afterwards owned by Alexander Garrett,
and his son, Dr. Boiling Garrett. On his way to Richmond
next day he passed through Charlottesville, where he tarried

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 51

long enough to purchase a pair of shoes. During this visit
to Richmond he became acquainted with Mr. Jefferson, and
deeply impressed him with his vigorous and heroic qualities.
In a letter Jefferson wrote to Judge Innes, of Kentucky, in
1791, he says,

"Will it not be possible for you to bring General Clark
forward? I know the greatness of his mind, and am the
more mortified at the cause which obscures it. Had not this
unhappily taken place, there was nothing he might not have
hoped; could it be surmounted, bis lost ground might yet
be recovered. No man alive rated him higher than I did, and
would again, were he to become again what I knew him.
We are made to hope he is engaged in writing the account
of his expedition north of the Ohio. They will be valuable
morsels of history, and will justify to the world those who
have told them how great he was."

William Clark, who was associated with Meriwether
Ivcwis in his exploring tour across the Rocky Mountains,
was a brother of George, but he was born in Caroline in 1770.

Albemarle was the place of residence of Doctor Thomas
Walker, one of the most remarkable men of his day. With his
expeditions to southwest Virginia were connected some inter-
esting and romantic facts of personal history. In the course
of these travels he made the acquaintance of William Inglis,
who married a Draper, planted the first white settlement west
of the AUeghanies at Draper's Meadows, near the present
site of Blacksburg, and subsequently spent his remaining
days at Inglis's Ferry on New River. Inglis and his family
suffered the common penalty of those who led the way in f
peopling the wilderness. His wife and children were cap-
tured by the Indians, his wife marvellously escaped the same
year, but his son Thomas was retained among them for a
period of thirteen years. Being in the plastic season of
childhood, the latter became so thoroughly inured to the
habits of Indian life, that it was difficult to break their power ;
in fact, it never was wholly broken. However, when his father
penetrated the remote forests of Ohio to effect his ransom,
he seemed to feel the promptings of natural affection, and

52 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

returned with him to the old home. After being taught his
native language, and the rudiments of learning, he was sent
to Castle Hill, and placed under Doctor Walkers's care.
Here he continued for three or four years, and made consid-
erable progress in the elementary branches of education.
But here he was also brought under a spell, which softened
him far more than all the endearments of parental love, and
all the mollifying influence of letters. He fell in love with
a young woman of the neighborhood named Eleanor Grills.
A John Grills in 1745 and subsequent years, became the
owner by patent and purchase of more than two thousand
acres of land in the county, part of it lying on Moore's Creek,
where he built a mill, and where one has continued ever
since, on the present site of Hartman's Mill. He was also
the original purchaser of Lot Eighteen in the new county
seat, the western half of the square on which Lipscomb's
stable stands. Although he seems to have sold his possessions
in Albemarle about the time Thomas Inglis came to the
county, it is likely he continued to reside here or in Louisa,
and that Eleanor was his daughter. At all events young
Inglis, when he returned to his father's house in 1772, was
bound to her by a promise of marriage. He was a Lieuten-
ant in Colonel Christian's regiment in the battle of Point
Pleasant in 1774; and the next year, crowned with the lau-
rels of successful warfare, he returned to Albemarle, and
secured the hand of his bride. He first settled on Wolf Creek
of- New River; but unable to repress the roving disposition
contracted during his sojourn among the Indians, he soon
removed to Burke's Garden, where in an incursion of the
savages he nearly lost his wife, then to Knoxville, and
finally to Natchez in Mississippi, where at length he closed
his wanderings with the close of his life.

Another incident of personal history may be noted, illustrat-
ing the progress of the early settlements, and the fortunes of
individuals. As previously stated, a Dennis Doyle patented
in 1741 eight hundred acres of land on the north fork of
Moorman's River, and from him the stream acquired its name.
In 1749 Doyle conveyed to William Battersby, the lawyer, a

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 53

tract of four hundred acres on Biscuit Run, another of four
hundred in North Garden, and another of eight hundred on
Totier Creek. He appears to have been a man of means,
and to have been still living in the county in 1760; as in
that year was born within its limits John Doyle, who was in
all probability a son of Dennis. At the age of eighteen,
John accompanied the march of General George Rogers Clark
into the North West Territory. Returning to Albemarle,
he joined the army, and served to the close of the Revolu-
tionary War. The year after the surrender at Yorktown, he
was a private in Colonel Crawford's disastrous expedition
against the Ohio Indians, but fortunately got back to the
settlements in safety. In 1786 he went to Kentucky near
Maysville, was a friend of Simon Kenton, and for three years
occupied the post of captain of scouts on the Ohio River-
He was in service with General Harmar in 1790, and under
Scott with General Wayne in 1794. He then settled in what is
now Lewis County, Kentucky, where he discharged the duties
of a magistrate for more than twenty years. But his active
and adventurous life was not yet ended. In 1813 he enlisted
again under General Shelby, and took part in the battle of the
Thames. He survived until May 1847, having nearly com-
pleted his eighty-seventh year, find blest with the vigorous
exercise of his powers to the end. In all his long life he was
seldom sick, and in all his exposure to peril he was never
wounded.

The depreciation in the paper money of the country at the
close of the Revolution, was apparent in the enormous prices
paid for land. One hundred acres in the southern part of the
county, not far from Heard's Mountain, sold for five thousand
pounds, fifty acres on Buck Mountain Creek for four thou-
sand, and a hundred and eighty -eight acres on Moorman's
River for six thousand. Samuel Dedman sold to James
Lewis ten acres on the Ragged Mountains beyond the Uni-
versity, for ten thousand pounds, while Samuel Muse sold to
Andrew Monroe, a brother of the President, two hundred and
seven acres at the head of Mechum's River for twenty thou-
sand , the same tract which two years before, also in war times,

54 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

brought eight hundred and thirty, and which sixteen years
before, with two hundred acres in addition, brought only
thirty-five. At the same time John Curd sold to John Coles
two hundred acres for fifty pounds "hard money," and
Matthew Mills, of Guilford County, North Carolina, sold to
William Leigh five hundred and seventy -five acres, not far
east of the Miller School, for two hundred pounds sterling.
All these sales took place the latter part of 1781. The story
is told by tradition, that George Divers rode from Philadel-
phia to Albemarle, and broke down five horses in the ride,
to purchase Farmington with paper money, and that the pur-
chase had scarcely been consummated when the money became
worthless ; but as this transfer did not occur till 1785, the
story may admit of some doubt.

A large part of the business of the County Court immedi-
ately after the Revolution consisted in certifying to bills for
supplies furnished the army and the Barracks prisoners, to
the value of articles taken for public use, and to pensions for
soldiers disabled in the service. The location of the prison
camp in the county proved a great pecuniary benefit to the
inhabitants. From a long distance in the surrounding coun-
try they carried thither, and to the different places where the
officers lodged, quantities of corn, flour, meal, beef, pork and
wood. In the prostration of business, and the consequent
hard times occasioned by a state of hostilities, the demand
for these commodities afforded a convenient market, of which
most other parts of the country were destitute. It is said
that Colonel William Cabell mainly paid for the fine Oak
Hill estate in Nelson with the various kinds of produce fur-
nished the Barracks, the land having been confiscated because
the former owners were alien enemies. Colonel John Coles
was allowed three hundred pounds for horses taken by Baron
Steuben. Hastings Marks received remuneration for horses
and wagons employed in the service. Joseph Morton was
allowed five pounds, six shillings, and eight pence for his
gun, "taken for the militia in 1781," and Edmund Woody
was recompensed for his, "taken during the late invasion."
Captain John Martin was awarded an allowance for conduct-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 55

ing the Convention troops, that is, the Barracks prisoners, to
Frederick, Maryland. The detachments of the army men-
tioned as having been supplied in this vicinity, were Baron
Steuben's Command, Colonel Armand's Legion, and Captain
Walker's Company. John Burton and Richard Marshall
were assigned pensions at the rate of forty dollars a year.
For the purpose of establishing proper lines of inheritance,
it was certified that Charles Goolsby, corporal, and James
and John Goolsby, privates, died in the service, Charles
and James having been taken prisoners at Germantown, and
that William Hardin was killed at Ninety Six, and John
Gillaspy, of the Ninth Virginia, at Germantown.

The statute guaranteeing religious freedom having been
enacted, the law which required all marriages to be solemn-
ized by ministers of the established Church was abolished,
and the courts were authorized to license ministers of all
denominations to perform that ceremony. In accordance
with this provision^ William Irvin, Presbyterian, was licensed
to celebrate the rite in 1784, and Matthew Maury, Episco-
palian, and William Woods, Benjamin Burgher and Martin
Dawson, Baptists, the next year. The first Methodist min-
ister mentioned as receiving such a license, was Athanasius
Thomas, who lived near the present site of Crozet. This
occurred in 1793, and was followed in 1797 by the licensing
of William Calhoun, Presbyterian, and John Gibson, Metho-
dist. John Shepherd, Methodist, was licensed in 1798.

The migratory spirit which characterized the early settlers,
was rapidly developed at this period. Removals to other
parts of the country had begun some years before the Revo-
lution. The direction taken at first was towards the South.
A numerous body of emigrants from Albemarle settled in
North Carolina. After the war many emigrated to Georgia,
but a far greater number hastened to fix their abodes on the
fertile lands of the West, especially the blue grass region of
Kentucky. For a time the practice was prevalent on the part
of those expecting to change their domicile, of applying to
the County Court for a formal recommendation of character,
and certificates were given, declaring them to be honest men

56 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

and good citizens. Among those who were thus commended
to the people of Georgia, were James Marks, one of the
magistrates, Abraham Eades, William Sandridge, Christo-
pher Cl^rk, Bennett Henderson, and William and Samuel
Sorrow. James Marks was not long after followed by his
brother. Colonel John Marks, who removed during his in-
cumbency in the office of Sheriff. An act of the I^egislature
was passed in November 1788, which recited that no sale of
lands in Albemarle County delinquent for taxes for the years
1786 and 1787, was legally possible, because of John Marks,
Sheriff of said county, removing some time within those
years to Georgia, and which therefore authorized William
Clark, one of his deputies, to make such sales.

The increasing business of the colonies, the desire to
develop their resources, and perhaps the threatening aspect
of their relations with the mother country, led to early efforts
to manufacture iron in this county. Three men from Balti-
more, Nathaniel Giles, John lyce Webster, and John Wilkin-
son, bought land for this purpose in the latter part of 1768.
Giles and Webster disappear after the first purchase. The
next year Wilkinson was joined by John Old, from Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania, and they made further purchases along
the Hardware in the vicinity of North Garden and the Cove.
In 1771 the Albemarle Furnace Company was formed, with a
capital of two thousand pounds, the following gentlemen
being stockholders, James Buchanan to the amount of three
hundred pounds. Dr. William Cabell of two hundred.
Colonel William Cabell of two hundred, Joseph Cabell
of one hundred, Edward Carter of three hundred, Allen
Howard of two hundred, Thomas Jefferson of one hun-
dred, Nicholas Lewis of one hundred, John Scott of one
hundred, John Walker of one hundred, and Dr. Thomas
Walker of three hundred. Larger areas of mineral land were
purchased on the lower Hardware, and among the Ragged
Mountains. As far as can be ascertained, three furnaces
were built, one about a mile below Carter's Bridge, giving to
a colonial church erected near by the name of the Forge
Church, another where the old Lynchburg Road crosses the

HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE 57

north fork of Hardware, long known as Old's Forge, and
the third on the south fork of Hardware below the Falls, and
south of Garland's Store. The last still remains in a toler-
able state of preservation, though covered with a thick
growth of bushes and small trees. Local traditions yet
linger, that ore was excavated near North Garden and the
Cove during the Revolutionary War. Mr. Jefferson states in
his Notes, that among the iron mines worked in Virginia at
the time of their composition, was "Old's, on the north side
of James River in Albemarle." The enterprise however ap-
pears not to have been successful. Colonel Old soon became a
farmer, instead of an iron -master. A suit instituted in the
County Court under the style of Cabell v. Wilkinson to wind
up the affairs of the Company, was determined in 1796, and
Andrew Hart and Samuel Dyer as Commissioners made sale
of all the lands, Nicholas Cabell becoming the purchaser.
Of all the mines opened by Wilkinson and Old, the only one
now remaining is that known as the Betsy Martin Mine in
Cook's Mountain, near North Garden; and though its ore
seems rich and plentiful, it has not been worked for a number
of years, because of some foreign ingredient which impairs
its utility.

In 1789, and the years succeeding, an eager ambition was
manifested to build up towns iii the county. At the first
mentioned date an act of the Legislature was passed, vesting
one hundred acres of the land of Bennett Henderson at a place
on the Rivanna called the Shallows, in Wilson C. Nicholas,
Francis Walker, Edward Carter, Charles L. Lewis, William
Clark, Howell Lewis and Edward Moore, to be laid out as a
town, and sold in half acre lots, and to be called Milton.
More than twenty lots were sold in the next ten years. The
first disposed of was bought by. Christian Wertenbaker, and
among others who became lot holders were Joel Shinctt.
Edward Butler, Richard Price, James and John Key, William
Clark, Jacob Oglesby, George Bruce and Joseph J. Monroe.
The village was soon in a thriving state, rapidly growing,
and transacting a prosperous business. Up to the war of 1812
it was ihe chief commercial centre of the county. Except in

58 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

time of freshets, it was the head of navigation on the
Rivanna, and became the shipping port of perhaps three-
fourths of the county, and of a large section of the Valley.
Some who have but recently been gathered to their fathers,
could remember the long lines of wagons that formerly passed
over Swift Run and Brown's Gaps, and crossed the South West
Mountain at Hammock's (Thurman's) Gap, bringing their
loads of grain, flour and tobacco to the warehouses of the
newly erected town. The brook on the north side of the
river, which at first bore the romantic name of Mountain Falls
Creek, became at this time Camping Branch, from the multi-
tude of wagoners who camped with their teams along its
banks. Milton was the seat of a public Tobacco Warehouse,
called Henderson's, long after the Henderson family had
removed to Kentucky, and regularly equipped with a corps
of inspectors; for many years William D. Fitch, Jacob
Oglesby, John Fagg and Richard Gambell discharged the
functions pertaining to that office. A large merchant mill
was also erected by the Hendersons. A number of firms
conducted the trade of the place, and in some cases laid the
foundation of large fortunes; among these were Fleming and
McClanahan, Henderson and Conard, Peyton and Price,
Divers, Rives & Co., Brown, Rives & Co., Martin Dawson,
William and Julius Clarkson, David Higginbotham & Co.
Its business gradually declined as Charlottesville grew; and
when the town of Scottsville was established, and the site of
the University fixed near the county seat, its prestige was
completely broken, and it quietly subsided into the straggling
hamlet which now crowns the river hill.

About the same time Warren was projected by Wilson C.
Nicholas on James River, at the mouth of Ballenger's Creek.
A few lots were sold and a few houses built. An extensive
mill and distillery were erected and carried on for some years
by Samuel Sbelton & Co. A large stone tavern was built by
Jacob Kinney, afterwards of Staunton, rented for some time,
and finally sold to William Brown, under whose management
it made a prominent figure in its day. At this village was
located another Tobacco Warehouse called Nicholas's, which

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 59

in the early part of the century shipped about as many hogs-
heads as Henderson's. The first inspectors were Clifton
Garland, Abraham Eades, Samuel Childress, Robert Moor-
man and John T. Holman. Beyond these enterprises Warren
never made much progress.

About the beginning of the century plans were outlined for
four other towns, of which even the memory has perished
from among men. One was North Milton, laid out by
Thomas Mann Randolph on the north side of the Rivanna,
opposite Milton. It was established by the Legislature and
placed in the hands of trustees. Those appointed to that
office were Francis Walker, William D. Meriwether, Edward
Moore, James Barbour, William Bache, George Divers, Hore
Brouse Trist, Edward Garland and David Higginbotham.
It appears the only lot ever sold was Lot numbered Eight,
and that was conveyed to John Watson in 1802 . Still another
Tobacco Warehouse was established here, and for a short
period conducted under the same inspection that had the
oversight of the warehouse at Milton. But the place was
over shadowed by its neighbor across the river, and from
all indications, never had more than a name.

The other three attempts were private speculations.
Travellers' Grove, a name suggestive of refreshment and
repose, was planned by Colonel John Everett at the junction
of what are now known as the Lynchburg and the Taylor's
Gap Roads. Four lots formally numbered, but apparently
unmarked by improvements of any kind, were sold to a Paul
Apple, and subsequently underwent two other transfers.
There their history terminates. Not long after Colonel
Everett disposed of the environs of the new town, and removed
to Cabell County. He was succeeded in the possession of
Travellers' Grove by James Kinsolving, Jr., in whose time
the name was changed to Pleasant Grove. In later years
the place was purchased by the Methodist churches of the
adjacent circuit for a parsonage, and though held now by
other hands, it still goes in the neighborhood by that name.

Another of these mushroom creations was New York, or
as it was colloquially spoken of. Little York. It was estab-

60 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE,

lished by James Hays at the foot of the Blue Ridge, a few-
hundred yards north of the present road to Staunton. At
the time it was laid out, the road passed along its main
street. Like Charlottesville it was divided into lots and out
lots. Its first inhabitants were for the most part Germans
from Pennsylvania, Greegors, Spieces, Hallers, Landcrafts.
Its manufactories were a smith's shop, and a tanyard. It
was once the seat of a postoffice, and had a meeting house.
More than that, it had a place on the map of Virginia,
published in 1824. At present no sign of buildings or streets
can be seen, its very ruins have disappeared, and its site is a
fertile field, on which a late proprietor raised the most abun-
dant crop of corn he has ever gathered.

In some respects the most remarkable of these temporary
municipalitieswas Morgantown,a place well known, but not by
that name. It was a pretentious city on paper, laid off into at
least two hundred and fifteen lots, and wood lots, as they
were called. It was situated on the main road to Staunton,
about a mile west of Ivy Depot. It was planned by a man
named Gideon Morgan, and sold by lottery at the rate of
fifty dollars a ticket. The special attraction was L,ot One
Hundred and Seventy-six, on which were built a large brick
house and stable, and this attraction had such power that
tickets were purchased by persons, not only in Albemarle^
but also from the surrounding counties, Frederick, Shenan-
doah, Rockingham, Bath, Augusta, Rockbridge, Fluvanna,
and even places as far distant as Henrico and Lancaster
Counties, and the city of Philadelphia. Among those who
participated in the affair from Augusta were Chesley Kinney,
Jacob Swoope and Judge John Coalter; while from Albe-
marle were Peter and John Carr, Isaac Miller, Elijah Garth,
Richard Gambell, Andrew Kean and Thomas Wells. The
fortunate ticket-holder was George Anderson, of Greenbrier,
who sold the place to Benjamin Hardin. In 1821 Anderson's
widow, then living in Montgomery County, conveyed her
interest in the property to Hardin, to whom Morgan also sold
his remaining land. Hardin kept tavern there down to 1827
or 1828, when the place was sold for his debts. As the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 61

other lots lay on bare fields and forest, running up on Turner's
Mountain, the owners most probably quietly abandoned
them, and allowed them to lapse into Hardin's possession.
In 1814 however, Micajah Woods and wife conveyed to Har-
din two lots which had been drawn by William Davenport,
and Taylor and Newbold, of Philadelphia, conveyed to him
another in 1821. Altogether one hundred and nine persons
bought tickets, and Morgan derived from his few acres,
nearly twice as much as the county derived from the thou-
sand acres on which Charlottesville was built. Intoxicated
by his success, he went over to Rockingham and projected
another town not far from Port Republic, which he named
New Haven ; but in this attempt he was not so highly
prospered. The last heard of him, he was living in Rowan
County, Tennessee As will be readily conjectured, the brick
house and stable are still standing, the same that Francis
McGee occupied as a tavern after Hardin, and that was
recently the residence of his daughter, Mrs. John J. Woods.

It may be stated, that another town, called Barterbrook,
spread itself in the books more extensively than it did on the
face of the earth. Its situation was on the west side of the
road to Stony Point, just where it crosses the branch oppo-
site Liberty Church. It contained a tanyard, and a tavern,
which had the significant appellation of Pinch'em -slyly. A
muster ground was contiguous, where the militia company
of the district assembled to perform their exercises, and
where Joshua Key, a neighboring magistrate, was often
called upon to exert his authority for the preservation of the
peace. According to the records. Lot Fifty -Six in Barter-
brook was conveyed by William Smith to Thomas Travil-
lian's heirs, by said heirs to Pleasant Sandridge, of Green
County, Kentucky, and by Sandridge to Dr. John Gilmer,
when it became a part of the Edgemont estate. A successor
in some sort, possessing the same name, and consisting
principally of a tanyard conducted by Bernard Carr, was at
a later date located in the western part of the county, near
Mechum's River.

An impression has prevailed with many, that the cele-

62 HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE

brated statesman and philosopher, Benjimin Franklin, was
once a visitor in Albemarle, and while here purchased a plan-
tation for his son. There is no real ground for this impres-
sion. A Benjamin Franklin did live in the county in its
early days, but he came from Orange, and died in 1751.
Franklin,. the philosopher, appears never to have been South
but once, and then he visited Charleston, South Carolina, mak-
ing the journey most probably by sea. He had but one son
who lived beyond maturity, who in all likelihood was never
South at all, and who was the Tory Governor of New Jersey,
obliged at the close of the Revolution to leave the country,
never to return. But it is true, that a grandson of Franklin
came to Albemarle, bought property, and resided on it for a
short time. His name was William Bache, the son of Frank-
lin's daughter, and already referred to as one of the trustees
of North Milton. In 1799 he purchased from James Key the
farm which is known as the old Craven place, and which
still bears the name of Franklin. The letters of the Jeffer-
son household about that period make mention of him and
his family. His son, Benjamin Franklin Bache, a distin-
guished surgeon in the navy, is stated in Appleton's Bio-
graphical Cyclopedia to have been born at Monticello,
February 7th, 1801. William Bache was evidently not blest
with prosperity. He incurred many debts, was harrassed
with many lawsuits, gave a deed of trust to Thomas Mann
Randolph to sell Franklin, and left the State. He was a
physician by profession. His place was sold to Richard
Sampson in 1804. Dr. Bache while here also invested in
Charlottesville lots. He bought from David Ross lyOts
Forty-Three and Forty-Four, now cut in two by the track
of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad ; and in 1837 they were
conveyed to Dr. Hardin Massie by his son B F. Bache and
his wife, and his daughter Sarah and her husband, who was
Rev. Dr. Charles Hodge, the eminent professor of theology'
at Princeton.

John Blair, Justice of the United States Supreme Court,
was also a land owner in Albemarle. The old Michael
Woods place, Mountain Plains, at the mouth of Woods' Gap,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 63

descended to his son William, who sold it to Thomas Adams,
a resident, the latter part of his life, of the Pasture District
of Augusta County. Adams, who died in 1788, made title
by his will to this and other parcels of land he had bought
in the neighborhood, amounting to nearly a thousand acres,
to Judge Blair — "To my honorable friend, John Blair, Esq.,
Chancellor, all the lands he purchased of me in Albemarle
County, known by the name of Mountain Plains, and for
which he has long since honestly paid me." From him the
place has since acquired the name of Blair Park. Judge
Blair devised it to his two daughters, through whom it came
to their two sons, James P. Henderson and John Blair
Peachy. In 1831 Peachy sold his interest to Henderson.
After Henderson's death in 1835, it passed into other hands.

A still more distinguished jurist. Chief Justice Marshall,
owned land in the county. He was once the proprietor of
the old D. S. place. He purchased it from Henry Williams
about 1809, and in 1813 sold it to Micajah Woods.

When the county was organized, settlements had been
making within its present limits for twelve or thirteen years.
Williamsburg being the capital of the colony, and its public
business being transacted there, it was natural that the first
great roads of the country should tend in that direction.
There can be little doubt that one was opened along the river
James; but that leading to the more northerly portions of the
county was the Three Notched Road. It was cleared on
the track it pursues now, following the watershed between the
South Anna and the James, and still bearing the name,
though the tree-marks on account of which it was given,
have not been seen for three or four generations. It passed
the county line where it does now, not far from Boyd's
Tavern, came up the Rivanna on its north side, crossed at
the Secretary's Ford, coincided with what is now the main
street of Charlottesville, crossed Ivy Creek and Mechums'
River where it does still, but at that point diverged from what
is the main road at present. It continued in a straight line
to Woods's (now Jarman's) Gap, instead of striking the
Ridge at Rockfish Gap. At the mouth of Woodg's Gap was

64 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

the first settlement in that part of the county, and for some
years the chief route of travel passed over it to the Valley.
In the diary of Thomas Lewis, dated 1746, in which he
describes his journey to Orange County to join the surveyors
appointed to run the line between the Northern Neck and the
rest of the colony, he states that he crossed from Augusta at
Woods's Gap, and stopped with Michael Woods both on his
departure and return. As late as near the close of the Revo-
lution, when Rockfish Gap was much used, the prisoners of
the Convention army, as already mentioned, were upon their
removal taken across the Blue Ridge at Woods's Gap. The
Three Notched Road was the dividing line between the par-
ishes of Fredericksville and St. Anne's.

Another road had the name of Three Notched in early
times. It was the cross road leading from Carter's Bridge
to Red Hill Depot. At present it is only a neighborhood
road ; but when the county seat had its location near Scotts-
ville, being the highway thither for all the northwestern
part of the county, it occupied a place of the highest impor-
tance, and was one of the earliest cleared. As settlements
extended up the James in what is now Nelson and Amherst,
they necessarily sought a way of access to the Court House.
Accordingly one of the first roads established was that
which was known as the River Road, crossing the Rockfish
at Limestone Ford near Howardsville, and at another higher
up, called Jopling's, and proceeding along the brow of the
river hills to the county seat. In 1746 Rev. Robert Rose
petitioned the County Court for the clearing of a road from
Tye River to the Rockfish.

The Buck Mountain Road was made in the primitive
times. This name was applied to the series of roads which
start from Rockfish Gap, bend along the base of the Ridge
and Buck's Klbow to Whitehall, pass over Moorman's River
at Millington to Free Union and Earlysville, cross the north
fork of the Rivanna at the Burnt Mills, and enter the Bar-
boursville Road at Stony Point. It still follows the route
on which it was originally laid out, except slight deviations
for short distances to avoid some obstacle, or' gain an easier

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 65

grade. The Barboursville Road ran from the beginning,
much as it does now. Just after the county was formed, old
David Lewis was appointed Surveyor of the road from his
place south of Birdwood to Lynch's Ferry; at that point
the Rivanna was crossed, instead of as now at the Free
Bridge. This road must have intersected the Three Notched
Road some distance west of Charlottesville, the existence of
which at that time had not entered the thought even of the
most sagacious. The hill at the old Craven place was in all
probability always ascended where it is at present. The
trade of the upper part of the county, and the adjacent sec-
tions of the Valley, being then carried on with Fredericks-
burg, both of these roads, and the Three Notched also as far
as the fork at Everettsville, possessed in common the name
of the Fredericksburg Road. In early times the Barbours-
ville Road was continued down the river on the eastern side,
and probably ran across the hills through the Haxall and
Pantops plantations to the Secretary's Ford.

When the Court House was removed to Charlottesville, it
of course became the centre of the county roads. The Three
Notched Road running along its main street, afforded a
ready approach both from the east and the west. One out-
let towards the north was the Barboursville Road by way of
Lynch's Ferry. Another was by a connection with the
Buck Mountain Road at David Wood's old place, which was
at or near the late Colonel Bowcock's. The road making
this connection left the west end of High Street, ran to the
foot of the hill near Clay Michie's, thence over Meadow Creek
past the place recently occupied by the late Harvey Hull, and
crossed the south fork of the Rivanna at Carr's old Ford on
the Carrsbrook plantation. Shortly after another road was
opened, branching from the last mentioned north of Harvey
Hull's, crossing the south fork at the Broad Mossing Ford,
and continuing thence to the Burnt Mills.

The Barracks Road was laid out during the Revolution,
and has since been a noted way, though much deflected from
its original course. It started from the west end of High
—5

66 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Street, ran on the highland south of the ravine crossed by
the present road near Kellytown — remains of the stone
fences lining it can still be seen — passed over Preston Heights
not far from the mansions of Colonel Preston and General
Rosser, forking on the summit with the road to Carr's Ford,
continued past Colonel Duke's and the colored settlement of
Georgetown to the ridge east of Ivy Creek, and descended to
the ford of the creek past the old Ivy Creek Church. Near
town a branch of the Barracks road diverged from its main
course on the eastern slope of Preston Heights, and ran into
the Three Notched Road not far from the Junction Depot.
The present location of the Barracks Road immediately west
of Charlottesville, was fixed about the beginning of the Cen-
tury. A contention respecting it arose between Isaac Miller
and John Carr, Clerk of the District Court, owners of the
adjoining lands. After several views and reports on the
subject, it was finally determined according to the ideas of
Mr. Miller, whose residence at the time was either at Rose
Valley, or near the house of Mason Gordon.

The course of the road from Brown's Gap was always much
the same as it is at present. It crossed Mechum's River
where it does now, coming down through the rocky defile on
the west, then known as the Narrow Passage. After passing
Ivy Creek, it turned southeast and ran over to the Three
Notched Road — passing in its way the old D. S. Church —
entering it where the old Terrell, or Lewis's, Ordinary stood,
the location of which must have been near the site of Jesse
Lewis's blacksmith shop. This road went for many years
by the name of Rodes's Road. The connecting link between
Rodes's and the Barracks Roads was made about the first of
the century. It wound round Still House Mountain as it
does now, and then turned south and continued down the
ravine in which the outflow of what was called Wade's
Spring was carried off. The old Poor House was built
immediately upon this road. Somewhat later Governor
Nicholas petitioned for the opening of a road from the D. S.
Church to his plantation on the Rivanna, the present Carrs-
brook ; but it does not appear that anything was ever done.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 67

The road tbat crosses the river at Rea's Ford was opened
about the close of the last century. The people of the north-
west section of the county petitioned for a more convenient
way to the courthouse. It was decided after several views,
that a new road should start at Fretwell's Store, which was
at or near Free Union, cross at Rea's Ford, fall into the
Barracks Road and continue with it to the top of the ridge
east of Ivy Creek, and there branching off run to Meadow
Creek at the plantation of Bernard Carter, now F. B. Moran's,
uniting at that point with the road from Carr's Ford.

The Richard Woods, or Dick Woods Road, as it was fre-
quently called, is one of the oldest in the county. It diverged
from the Three Notched just west of the D. S., passed
Richard Woods' place at the mouth of Taylor's Gap to the
little stream called Pounding Branch, crossed Mechum's river
at the Miller School, and continued thence to Rockfish Gap.
The place of Pounding Branch went in early times by the
name of Little D. S. A tanyard was located there, which at
first was named Simpson's, and afterwards Grayson's.
Near that point the road turned off, described in old deeds as
the road to Amherst C. H., the same that stills exists, run-
ning through Batesville, and passing the Nelson line at what
was formerly known as Harlow's Tavern on Lynch's Creek.
Tradition relates that Richard Woods, in laying out the road
called by his name, followed a well marked buffalo trail, and
the fact of its being established by those sagacious engineers
of nature accounts for the gentle grade for which it has been
distinguished. It seems that the road through Israel's Gap
was not made till near the end of the last century. At that
time William Woods, Surveyor Billy, was summoned by the
County Court to show cause why he had not opened a road
from Israel's Gap into the Richard Woods Road.

The outlets from Charlottesville to the south were mainly
the same as now exist. The road by which the people of
Fluvanna south of the Rivanna reached the county seat,
passed through Monticello Gap, then called the Thorough-
fare, crossed Moore's Creek where it does now, and joined
the Three Notched Road at the top of the hill near the junc-

68 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

tion of the macadamized road recently made by Mr. Brennan ;
for the Three Notched Road then came from the Secretary's
Ford along the ridge now followed by the Chesapeake and
Ohio Railroad, or over the low grounds of Moore's Creek in
the rear of the Woolen Mills. The road from town to Carter's
Bridge has always pursued the present route. It was for-
merly described as passing by a place, well known as the
Colts' Pasture, and the Plum Orchard Branch of Biscuit Run.
The old Lynchburg Road has been in use from the first
settlement of the town. It commenced at the foot of Vinegar
Hill, reached the top of the Ridge beyond the Dry Bridge,
and continued along its crest to the branch at its south end,
then called Haggard's, and afterwards West's Saw Mill Run.
It crossed the north fork of Hardware where it does at pres-
ent, the place long known as Old's Forge, turned around the
end of Gay's Mountain past Andrew Hart's Store, and cross-
ing Jumping Branch and the south fork of Hardware as at
present, united with the present Lynchburg Road at the end
of Persimmon Mountain a short distance north of Covesville.
Near town it went by the name of Haggard's Road, from a
Nathaniel Haggard, who owned the land on its course from
the end of the Ridge to Moore's Creek. In those days the
present Lynchburg Road was a mere farm road bearing the
name of Wheeler's, from a family who lived at the head of
Moore's Creek.

The Secretary's Road has frequent mention in the early
records. It set out from Carter's Mill on the north fork of
Hardware, shortly above its union with the south fork, ran
on the north side of that river to Woodridge, and thence
pursued the watershed between it and the Rivanna to Bremo
on the James. From its lower terminus it was sometimes
called the Bremo, corrupted to Brimmer, Road. Near Wood-
ridge the Martin King Road branched from it, crossing the
Rivanna at Union Mills, and thence proceeding to Louisa.
The road which pas.ses over the Green Mountain west of
Porter's Precinct was established at an early date. For
many years it was known as the Irish Road, as far as can
be ascertained from a man name James Ireland, who was a
patentee of land in that neighborhood.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 69

The first turnpike in the county was built in 1806. It
crossed the Blue Ridge at Brown's Gap, descended Brown's
Cove, and joined the Three Notched Road at Mechum's
Depot. It was made and owned by William Jarman and
Brightberry Brown. It received a formal acceptance by
inspectors appointed by the County Court, though the tolls
were taken by the owners. In 1819 Jarman's share was sold
by James Jarman to Ira Harris; and in 1867 the title as
individual property was relinquished, and it lapsed into an
ordinary road of the county. It was known as Brown's
Turnpike.

About 1830, a few years before and after, a number of
turnpikes were undertaken. The first was the Staunton and
James River, having a charter of incorporation, and extend-
ing from the place first named to Scottsville. It crossed the
Ridge at Rockfish Gap, and ran through Batesville and
Israel's Gap, following for the most part the course of old
roads. As far back as 1790 a lottery was authorized by the
Legislature, to be managed by Francis Walker, William
Clark, Nicholas Lewis, John Breckinridge, George Divers,
William D. Meriwether, Charles Irving and Isaac Davis, to
raise not exceeding four hundred pounds for the purpose of
cutting a road from Rockfish Gap to Nicholas's and Scott's
Landings; what was accomplished in pursuance of this act
is not known. The Staunton and James River Turnpike
was for a number of years the route of a heavy transporta-
tion, passing from the Valley to connect with the James
River and Kanawha Canal. Later, when plank roads be-
came the fashion of the day, it was converted into a Plank
Road Company. Under its auspices some alterations were
made in the grades, particularly avoiding the hills between
Kidd's Mill and North Garden, and between Hart's and
Garland's Stores, and an inconsiderable portion near
Hughes's Shop was covered with plank; but the coming of
the railroads, and the temporary nature of the construction,
destroyed the public interest in its maintenance. The build-
ing and support of good roads over which the produce of the
farm is to be hauled, and rapid and comfortable transit to

70 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

be enjoj'ed, constitute a lesson the people have yet to learn.
The Staunton and James River Turnpike was abandoned in
1867, and taken back by the county as a common road.

The next was the Blue Ridge and Rivanna River Turn-
pike, which ran from Meriwether's Bridge on the Rivanna to
the Turnpike last mentioned at Brooksville. Its construc-
tion occasioned the laying out of the straight road from the
Woolen Mills to the east end of Market Street. Not many
years before, Mrs. Mary Lewis, of the Farm, petitioned for a
more convenient approach from her residence to Charlottes-
ville, as previously her only way lay directly south to the
Three Notched Road. Opie Norris was the Secretary and
Treasurer of this Turnpike, and advertised for bids for
its construction. Its route west of town mainly coin-
cided with the Three Notched Road to Mechum's River,
and generally with the old road from that point to its
termination. Toll gates were erected and for some years its
business was regularly transacted. The first gate west of
town was immediately opposite the large oak tree on Jesse
Lewis's place, under which General Washington is said once
to have lunched, and which was blown down by a violent
storm in September 1896 ; its keeper was Patrick Quinn. In
1857 the road was purchased by the county for fifteen hun-
dred dollars, John Wood, Jr. being appointed to receive the
purchase money for distribution among the stockholders.
When this Turnpike was first projected, an urgent petition
was presented to the Legislature for the establishment of a
similar one from Meriwether's Bridge to Boyd's Tavern, but
nothing further was ever effected.

About the same time the present Lynchburg Road was
opened. The Legislature passed an act, granting permis-
sion to the counties of Amherst, Nelson and Albemarle, to
co-operate in the construction of a road from Lynchburg to
Charlottesville, each county to make the road within its own
bounds. Amht-rst declined to engage in the work, but at the
request of the Albemarle Court reconsidered its action, and
decided to join forces with the other counties. John Pryor
surveyed the route, and William Garland made the roadbed

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 71

in Albemarle. Advantage was taken of country roads already
existing, but the line was then first run by way of the old Sud-
darth Mill, and the Cross Roads, and on the old Wheeler
Road down Moore's Creek, instead of the east side of Dud-
ley's Mountain.

The Harrisonburg and Charlottesville Turnpike was laid
out shortly after. Col. T. J. Randolph, Alexander Garrett
and Achilles Broadhead, Surveyor of the county, were ap-
pointed to determine its course, Dr. Gilly M. Lewis recording
his protest against its construction. It crossed the Blue Ridge
at Swift Run Gap, entered the county at Nortonsville, fell
into the Buck Mountain Road west of Earlysville, ran from
Colonel Bowcock's to Rio Mills, ascended the hill south of the
river by the present easy grade, and continued by way of
Rio Station and Cochran's Mill to town.

Many efforts were put forth about the same time to build
a turnpike from Scottsville to Rock Spring in Nelson, and
thence to the head waters of Rockfish River ; but the project
was never consummated.

The first bridges, built within the present county, were
undoubtedly those over the main Hardware at Carter's
Bridge, and over its north fork, just above its junction with
the south fork. That river was the largest stream between
the old Court House and the greater part of the northern sec-
tion of the county ; and the north fork, besides being crossed
by one of the great highways to the county seat, was passed
by many to reach Carter's Mill, one of the first erected in the
newly-settled country. Owing to the loss of the records, no
account exists of the original building of these bridges ; but
when rebuilt towards the close of the last century, it is
recited that there had been one — and in all likelihood more
than one — before, at each of those places. Both have since
been often renewed, not so much because of use and decay,
as because of the freshets, which from time to time have
swept down from the mountains with terrible violence.

A great flood in James River and its branches occurred in
1771, so remarkable for its enormous and wide-spread
destruction as to become the special occasion of action by the

72 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Legislature that year; and in an application Mr. Jefferson
made for a writ of ad quod dainnuin in order to erect his mill
at Shadwell in 1795, he states that the former one had been
carried off by the flood of 1771. It is presumable the Hard-
ware bridges met the same fate. Certainly Carter's Bridge
was rebuilt in the years 1795, 1800, 1812, 1859, and 1876.
Inasmuch as these improvements are one of the chief signs
of civilization, and are so indispensable to the convenience
and prosperity of communities, experience teaches that it is
true economy to build them substantially, and put them
beyond the reach of all contingencies, in the first instance.
In such cases it is better to spend more once, than less often.

The first bridge over Moore's Creek was erected in 1798,
and it would seem its location was on the old Lynchburg
Road. In 1801 another was built over the same stream,
apparently on the Monticello Road. As far as appears, there
was no structure of the kind near Meriwether's Mill, now
Hartman's, till 1848.

The same Legislature which established the town of Char-
lottesville, passed an act authorizing any person to erect a
bridge over the Rivanna near that town, and as a remunera-
tion allowing him to take tolls, the reason assigned being
that the river was often rendered impassable by freshets ; but
no one availed himself of the permission. For many years
the passage of the stream was made either at the Secretary's
Ford, or near the Free Bridge by what was known according
to the amount of water as Moore's Ford, or Lewis's Ferry.
It was not until 1801 that the County Court took the matter
in hand. They then passed an order that George Divers,
Thomas M. Randolph, John Watson, Nimrod Bramham,
Josluia Key and Achilles Douglass should let the erection of
a bridge at the latter point, the cost not to exceed two thou-
sand dollars. Against this action Thomas Garth entered his
protest. Since that time it has l)een rebuilt in 1831, 1846,
1865 and 1870. It stood safe in the flood of 1877, but the
causeway on the western side with its stone retaining walls
was washed away, and the wooden approach on trestles which
still remains, was then constructed.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 73

A bridge was built at the Woolen Mills in 1825 by Wil-
liam H. Meriwether. Being on the line of the Three Notched
Road, the main thoroughfare through the county, it was at
once a great convenience and a desirable means of safet}'.
Some four or five years before in the month of May, a wagon
and six horses belonging to a Mr. Collins, of Augusta
County, in attempting to cross the river at the Secretary's
Ford on their return from Richmond, were swept down and
lost, the driver making his escape with the greatest difficulty.
It was most likely in consequence of this disaster, and the
constant threatening of others, that Col. T. J. Randolph soon
after sought the establishment of a ferry at that point.
Meriwether's Bridge obviated such perils, and proved a sig-
nal benefit to the community for something like twenty years.
In 1843 the County Court was compelled to make some pro-
vision b3^ reason of the Free Bridge having been destroyed,
and deliberated whether to rebuild, or purchase the Meri-
wether Bridge. They adopted the former alternative. In the
course of a year or two Meriwether sold his bridge to Thomas
Farish, and shortly after it was swept away by a flood.

The bridge over the south fork of the Rivanna near Rio
Mills was first erected in 1836, Tho^e Mills had a few years
before been built by William H. Meriwether, and in 1833 the
Harrisonburg Turnpike had been located to cross the river at
that place. These were beyond question the constraining
reasons for the erection of the bridge. Previously the stream
had been passed from time immemorial at two fords near by,
one called Carr's Ford, and the other the Island Ford. Rio
Bridge has been built twice since, in 1860 and 1865. The
latter year G. F. Thompson and M. S. Gleason obtained
the contract for replacing it for nineteen hundred dollars, and
the Free Bridge also for twenty-six hundred and sixty.

The first bridge across the Rockfish at Howardsville seems
to have been erected in 1839. Prior to that time the river had
been crossed at the neighboring fords.

74 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

CHAPTER IV.

The County Court continued to supervise the affairs, and
guard the interests, committed to its trust. In 1783 James
Stowers for stealing a horse from Joseph Chapman was
examined and sent on to Richmond, where at that time all
felonies were tried. John Mullins, son of William, was
acquitted of burglary, but sent on for stealing leather from
the tan vats of John Watson, of Hightop. Crimes of every
class perpetrated by negroes, were entirely under the juris-
diction of this Court. Sam, a slave of James Kerr, for
attempting to assault a daughter of David Humphreys, was
punished with thirty-nine lashes; the same day however he
was cleared of stealing fifty pounds in specie from his mas-
ter's desk. Ben, a slave of Charles Rodes, was burnt in
the hand for poisoning James, a slave of Thomas Smith,
under pretence of giving him medicine.

Not only did it punish evil doers, but it interposed in
behalf of the weak and oppressed. Daniel Dunavan, a serv-
ant of James Lewis, probably a redemptioner, made
complaint that his master furnished him with insuffi-
cient food and raiment. It promptly required security that
suitable provision should be made in future. George Bruce,
the jailor, charged Richard Woods with compelling his boy
Tom, an orphan child, to wear a collar; it at once ordered
the degrading appendage to be removed. It especially exer-
cised a judicious care over apprentices, protecting them
from improper treatment, yet refusing to lend an ear to
groundless representations, Samuel Burch was summoned
to show cause why his apprentice, Abraham Gaulding,
should not be discharged from his service, and William D.
Hunt why Fielding and William Starke should not have
their bonds cancelled. When James Robinson sought to
obtain the release of his sons Matthew and Moses as appren-
tices of Bartlett Dedman, it decided there was no just reason

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 75

for interference in ;he case. In like manner Newberrj', son
of Thomas Stockton, was continued under the charge of his
master, Nathaniel Landcraft.

The Court likewise vindicated its own dignity, and strictly
quelled the bold spirit of insubordination that sometimes
displayed itself. Martin Marshall for profane swearing in
open court was fined five shillings, and William Thurmond
for the same offence committed twice was fined and placed
under bonds. Daniel Thacker was bound over for making an
affray, and breaking the peace in the presence of the court.
A fine of eight dollars was imposed on William Alcock for
refusing in open court to serve as a juror.

The first instance of capital punishment that appears in
the records, occurred at the beginning of the century.
Aaron, a slave of Hugh Rice Morris, for breaking into the
store of Philip Moore, and stealing seven sides of leather, was
condemned to be hanged on the second Friday of February,
1801. Though this punishment seems severe, yet forcibly
entering any building on the curtilage, especially at night,
was always viewed with jealous sternness. Aaron too was an
old offender, having been previously convicted and punished
for breaking into the lumber room ot Andrew Hart. In this
case he had the advantage of being defended, the Court
appointing James Brooks as his counsel.

An event of pathetic and tragical interest happened some-
time in 1802 or 1803 ; and it is specially remarkable, as it fur-
nished the only case in which a white man has ever been
judicially hanged in the history of the county. James Hop-
kins was the son of Dr. Arthur Hopkins, who was one of the
earliest and largest landholders in Albemarle. He was a
man of fine education and considerable wealth. Making
choice of his father's profession, he travelled abroad and
studied medicine in the University of Edinburgh. On his
return to this country, he settled in what is now Nelson
County under the shadow of Sugar I^oaf Mountain, where for
many years he was occupied with an extensive practice. He
was possessed not only of great learning, but also of great
piety. He had an only child, a daughter, who was married

76 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

to a Captain Richard Pollard. One evening while the doctor
was kneeling in the act of conducting family worship, he
was shot through a window of the room, and died in the
course of an hour. After a careful measurement of tracks
made in the snow by the shoes of the guilty person, a man
named Lewis McWane was arrested for the crime, examined
by the Amherst County Court, and sent on for trial in the
District Court of Charlottesville. In due time he was con-
victed and executed at that place. On the scaffold he denied
having performed the deed. He avowed that he had been
employed by Pollard to commit the murder, and had
approached the window of the house for that purpose, but
when he saw the old man kneeling in prayer, his heart failed
him, and he returned to Pollard a short distance off, and de-
clared he could not perpetrate the act ; that Pollard, after forc-
ing him to exchange shoes, went to the window and shot his
father-in-law with his own hand ; and that his motive in desir-
ing his death was to prevent him from making a will, having
in some way formed the impression that he was to be excluded
from all interest and control in the estate. On the ground
of this statement Pollard was arrested and tried, but in the
absence of all other testimony was acquitted ; yet the belief
was widely prevalent that McWane's declaration was true.
Pollard lived to a great age, but never by word or act in the
slightest degree betrayed his guilt. His purpose, if he had
formed it, was in vain. Dr. Hopkins had already made his
will. He provided for the gradual emancipation of his slaves,
and devised his estate to his daughter, and his grandson. Dr.
Arthur Pollard, requiring the name of the latter to be changed
to Hopkins, which was duly effected by the County Court of
Amherst.

About this time Dr. John T. Gilmer was placed under
bonds for an alleged offence in inoculating for smallpox.
Legislation on this subject had been enacted in Virginia.
Rules had been prescribed for its regulation, and the superin-
tendence of it committed to the County Courts. The milder
and safer mode of preventing the disease by vaccination had
not yet been fully developed. The interest of Dr. Gilmer in

HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLE 77

the matter was so great, that he had established a hospital
for the special treatment of those who sought exemption from
the dreaded malady. The immediate cause of his being
summoned before the Court was the occurrence of a fatal
case, after the operation had been performed. A panic
ensued, and complaint was made against the philanthropic
leech. The sympathies of the Court, as well as of all
enlightened men, must have been exerted in his favor; for
he was required to give bond only for three months "for his
good behavior, especially in not alarming the neighborhood
in which his hospital is established, unless he first obtain the
consent of the citizens." The doctor's residence — and pre-
sumptively, his hospital — was at Edgemont, on the Barbours-
ville Road.

An interesting point of law came before the Court in the
early part of the century. Mrs. Elizabeth Henderson, widow
of Bennett Henderson, on whose land the town of Milton was
laid out, sued out a writ of dower against those who had
purchased lots within its limits. The decision was that the
widow was barred by the Act of Assembly authorizing the
establishment of the town, vesting its lands in trustees, and
giving them power to sell. The case was appealed to the
District Court. What its decision was, cannot be known, as
its records have disappeared ; but it can hardly be supposed
the lower court was not sustained. Mrs. Henderson's coun-
sel was George Poindexter, who was a Louisa man, settled
for a time in Milton, removed to Mississippi while it was a
Territory, became successively Judge, Aide to Jackson at the
battle of New Orleans, Representative in Congress, Gov-
ernor, United States Senator, and died in 1853.

President Monroe was one of the magistrates of the county,
as Mr. Jefferson also was. When Jeflerson was appointed
cannot be definitely known, as no record of the event exists.
From his prominence, even while a student of law, it may
be conjectured he received the appointment shortly after his
attaining his majority, in 1764 or 1765. It does not appear
that he ever sat upon the bench. The only official act he
ever performed as Justice of the Peace apparent in the records,

78 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

was taking the acknowledgment of Mrs. Elizabeth Eppes in
1777 to a deed of her husband and herself, conveying three
thousand acres of land on Green Mountain to John Coles ;
this acknowledgment, and the memorial of respect entered
in the minutes of the court at his death, are the only indica-
tions the records show, that he ever was a magistrate. The
truth is, that until his Presidential term expired, he was
comparatively speaking rarely at home. The same thing is
largely true of Mr. Monroe. He was frequently absent on
public business. But when at home he often attended court.
The latter half of 1799, just before he became Governor of
the State, he sat upon the bench regularly every month.

A feeling of regret may naturally be indulged, that the old
County Court system has passed away. It was a peculiar
feature in the history of Virginia from a very early period,
and in many respects a most valuable institution. It is hard
to conceive how justice could be administered in a less bur-
densome form. In large measure the rights of the people
were secured, and their convenience promoted, absolutely free
of expense. It possessed a high degree of dignity, and was
regarded by the community with sentiments of veneration
and respect. Its members for the most part occupied the
most reputable standing in society. They generally fulfilled
the requirement of !the law, that they should be "able, honest
and discreet." Their wealth placed them above temptations
to corruption and rapacity, their integrity inspired general
confidence, while their honorable character and gentleman-
like bearing presented an example worthy of imitation, and
were not without effect in imparting a chivalrous tone, and
disseminating habits of politeness, among the public at large.
And it may be affirmed with truth, that their cheap adminis-
tration did not produce cheap results. Their work was usu-
ally well done. They spared no pains in promoting the
peace of their neighborhoods. If business was sometimes
delayed by the pressure of private claims, perhaps on the
whole it amounted to no more than the interruptions necessa-
rily incident to all human affairs. Their official duties were
often performed with no little trouble. Men of the highest

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 79

position would ride for miles across mountain ranges, and
over almost impassable roads, to receive the acknowledg-
ment of a poor neighbor's wife, whose infirmity or want of
means prevented her from travelling to the county seat. Nor
was there a failure in respect to their judicial decrees.
Guided by their own intelligence and sound sense, and the
aid of the Commonwealth's attorney, they attained substan-
tial righteousness in their conclusions. Their decisions were
not often reversed; and it happened more than once that they
were sustained by the Court of Appeals against the counter-
adjudications of such eminent jurists as Archibald Stuart
and lyucas P. Thompson.

For some years after the Revolution, all persons charged
with felony, were sent to Richmond for trial before the Gen-
eral Court. To remedy this arrangement which was both in-
convenient and expensive, a law was passed in 1788, forming
judicial districts throughout the State, and appointing a court
for each district. Three judges were to preside in each court,
two of them to form a quorum. One of these districts com-
prised the counties of Louisa, Fluvanna, Albemarle and
Amherst, and its court was called the District Court of Char-
lottesville. Who were its judges is not known, it records
being lost. John Carr, son of Major Thomas Carr, was its
Clerk. This Court was abolished in 1809, and the Circuit
Superior Court of L,aw for the county was organized, with
Archibald Stuart, of Staunton, as Judge, and John Carr as
Clerk. Mr. Carr resigned in 1818, and Alexander Garrett
was appointed in his stead. During this time the Court of
Chancery having jurisdiction of such cases arising in this
county, was held in Staunton. In 1830 the Circuit Superior
Court was invested with the jurisdiction of all cases, both of
Law and Chancery, and this scheme continues to the present
day. In that year Judge Stuart was appointed to the bench
of the Court of Appeals, and was succeeded by Lucas P.
Thompson, of Amherst. Judge Thompson continued in
office until 1852, when he was promoted to the Court of Ap-
peals, and was succeeded by Richard H. Field, of Culpeper.
Judge Field sat for the last time in October 1864, and soon

80 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

after died. When the confusion consequent upon the war
somewhat subsided, Egbert R.Watson was made Judge of the
Circuit Court in 1866 by the United States military authorities.
He was superseded in the beginning of 1869 by the appoint-
ment of Henry Shackelford, of Culpeper, who held the office
until his death in 1880, when Daniel A. Grimsley, of Cul-
peper, was chosen. In 1882 he gave place to George P.
Hughes, of Goochland, until 1886, when he was again elected,
and continues to occupy the position at the present time.

Before the Constitution of 1850 the Circuit Judges had
the appointment of the Attorneys for the Commonwealth
practising in their courts. When Judge Stuart took his seat
on the Albemarle bench in 1809, he selected Dabney Carr to
represent the State. Upon Mr. Carr's resignation in 1811,
he appointed John Howe Peyton, of Staunton, who held
the office until 1839 when he resigned. Thereupon Judge
Thompson appointed Thomas J. Michie, of Staunton, whose
incumbency was terminated by the provisions of the new
Constitution. Under those provisions the office became
elective, and the person who filled it practised in all the
courts alike.

Nothing is known concerning the first building occupied as
a courthouse, except that it was erected by Samuel Scott on
the land of his brother Daniel, near Scottsville. It afforded
accommodation to those transacting the public business for
seventeen years, when the removal to Charlottesville took
place. Nor does any record remain, giving an account of the
building of the first courthouse at the new county seat. The
edifice erected however answered the purpose of a hall of
justice for a little more than forty years. It must have had
some pretension to architectural display in the shape of an
ornamental cover to its entrance, as we learn that in 1800
Richard Thurmond was bound over for "a fray in the portico
of the courthouse." This courthouse, and the early jails,
were evidently of slight and temporary construction; with
the course of years they required almost continual repairs.
The first jail appears to have been built by William Terrell,
and the second by Henry Gambell about the close of the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E 81

Revolutionarj'^ War. Trouble was encountered in settling
with the latter contractor, on account of the imperfect manner
in which his work was done. In 1785 a stone prison was
built, sixteen feet by sixteen, and two stories in height, and
lasted till 1798. A new jail was then erected, the cost of
which was a thousand pounds, or three thousand, three hun-
dred and thirty-three dollars. Thomas Whitlow was the
builder. This structure continued in use, with repairs from
time to time — particularly in 1846, when three thousand
dollars were expended in its improvement — until the present
jail was built in 1876.

The court square was first enclosed in 1792. Thomas Bell,
James Kerr and Thomas Garth were directed to have a rail-
ing put up at a distance of not more than forty -five feet from
the courthouse. A large space was consequently left as
open ground. The subject of selling a part of this unoccu-
pied space was seriously agitated. In 1801 the justices of
the county were specially convened to deliberate in regard to
the matter; fortunately, after due consideration they came
to the conclusion, that it was inexpedient that any part of
the public grounds should be sold.

In 1803 it was determined that a new courthouse was nec-
essary. George Divers, William D. Meriwether and Isaac
Miller were appointed to draw a plan for the edifice, and
Messrs, Divers, Miller, Thomas Garth, William Wardlaw
and Thomas C. Fletcher v/ere directed to solicit bids for its
erection, the cost not to exceed five thousand dollars. The
building committee was also directed, when the new house
was finished, to remove the old one, together with the rul)-
bish incident to the work. From this circumstance it is
inferred, that the old building was located not far from the
site of the present Clerk's Office. The house then erected is
substantially the one which now exists. Iron bars were
placed in the office windows in 1807. The cupola was re-
paired in 1815. After a consultation to devise some means
of protecting the public buildings from fire, the Court ordered
lightning rods to be put up on the courthouse; this was done
—6

82 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

in 1818. These safeguards then went by the name of Frank-
lins. James Leitch furnished the iron necessary for fifty
dollars, and Jacob Wimer did the work for seventy-five. The
building was covered with tin in 1825. In 1849 an inquiry
was made as to the propriety of embellishing the front with
a porch and pillars, but was attended with no result until ten
years after. At that time a contract was entered into with
George W. Spooner to construct a front addition designed by
William A. Pratt, a formerProctor of the University, he giving
bond for the faithful performance of the work in the sum of
nine thousand four hundred dollars. This addition was
flanked with towers and crowned with gables. While this
work was in progress, the Court held its sessions in the old
Town Hall. After the war the gables and towers were re-
moved, and the pediment with its supporting pillars, as they
appear at present, was erected by Mr. Spooner. These
improvements were deemed sufficient until the recent altera-
tions in 1897.

At the organization of the county, the pillory, stocks and
whipping post were regarded as necessary accompaniments
of the courthouse, and court proceedings. In 1807 order
was given to repair these important means of correction. In
process of time they seem to have disappeared by natural
decay. In 1820 they were all directed to be restored in the
public square. Subsequent to that period the first two re-
ceive no further mention, but James lyobban and Andrew
Brown were appointed to select a place for the whipping post
as late as 1857.

In 1811 a brick and stone wall was ordered to be erected
on the Square forty-five feet from the courthouse. John Jor-
dan contracted to perform the work. In 1816 the trustees of
the town were allowed to sink a well on the Square, exterior
to the wall. In 1824 V. W. Southall obtained permission
to buihl an office on the southeast corner of the Square, and
F. B. Dyer one on the southwest corner. At the same time an
office was directed to be built on the northeast corner for the
use of the County Clerk's assistant, and William H. Meri-
wether was allowed to ])uild one adjoining it on the west;

HISTORY OF ALBEMAKLE 83

but a month or two after the entire order was rescinded. The
next year a commission, consisting of Joseph Coffman, John
M. Perry, John Winn, Alexander Garrett, Micajah Woods
and Opie Norris, was directed to have two offices erected
on the northeast corner of the Square for the Commonwealth's
Attorney and the Sheriff, the brick wall taken down, the
front yard paved with the materials, and a light railing
placed around the Square. These two oflBces were occupied
in 1830 by V. W. Southall and T. W. Gilmer at a rent of
fifty dollars. In 1841 permission was again given for the
erection of offices on the front corners of the Square ; but it
was evidently withdrawn, though no notice of the counter-
manding order appears. The same year the Charlottesville
I^yceum had leave to hold their meetings in the courthouse.
Authority was given in 1855 to Messrs. Strange and Jones,
to ring the courthouse bell for the uses of their school, but
it was soon after recalled.

In 1847 in answer perhaps to some ebullition of public
spirit, James W. Saunders, John R. Jones and William A.
Bibb were directed to enclose and improve the public square,
provided the expense of the work was borne by private sub-
scription. What was effected in pursuance of this movement
is not known. Two years later Allen B. Magruder and W.
T. Early asked leave to build offices on the Square, and the
petition was so far taken into consideration that Malcolm F.
Crawford and Thomas Wood were appointed to examine and
report on the subject. In 1855 the town was granted liberty
to erect an engine house on the west side of the Square, in a
line with which Drury Wood and W. T. Early were allowed
to build offices on the east side. The next year an order
was passed, directing the enclosing and paving of the Square
according to a plan submitted by William S. Dabney ; and
it was no doubt in agreement with the provisions of this
plan, that shortly after the stone wall and iron railing now
existing were ordered to be erected, not to exceed the cost of
fifteen hundred dollars.

Not long after the beginning of the century an effort was
made to secure the transportation of the produce of the

84 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

county by water. The need of a cheaper and more expedi-
tious mode of reaching a market had long been felt. Farmers
had been obliged to move their crops, first to Fredericksburg,
and then to Richmond, by wagons; and the goods of mer-
chants had been conveyed to their stores by the same slow
and expensive process The course of James River was then
unobstructed, and the question arose whether the Rivanna
might not be rendered useful for the purposes of commerce.
The scheme was attempted of turning to account these water
courses, which nature had placed at the door to be outlets of
such admirable convenience. The Rivanna Navigation Com-
pany was formed, and a charter procured. In 1810 George
Divers, Williams D. Meriwether, Nimrod Bramham, John
Kelly and Dabney Minor were its Directors, and Peter Minor
its Treasurer. The original methods of procedure were
simple enough. They aimed to keep the channel of the
river clear of snags and hammocks, and to provide flat-
bottomed boats called batteaux, for the carriage of freight.
Advantage was taken of freshets to load the boats, and run
them down, while the stream was at high water mark. As
at such times the water rushed with the speed of a torrent,
the navigation was often dangerous; but the management of
the boats became a special business, and the men employed
acquired an intelligence and skill which were seldom baffled
by accidents, A family named Craddock bore for many
years a high reputation as adroit and successful watermen.
In 1827 books were opened for an enlarged subscription of
stock, and eleven hundred and fifteen shares were taken at
fifty dollars a share. A list of the subscribers remains on
record in Deed Book Twenty-Seven. This money was raised
to improve still further the channel of the river. The
improvement consisted in the erection of dams at shoal places,
to increase the depth of water, and thus secure slack water
navigation, locks being provided to raise or lower the boats
at the different levels. Some of the locks were handsomely
faced with hewn stone, and built in a substantial manner.
Besides the dams located in Fluvanna, there was one erected
at Milton, three at Shadwell, one at the Woolen Mills, one

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 85

at the Three Islands, two at the Broad Mossing Ford, and
two at Rio Mills. It was no doubt in preparation for this
effort, that commissioners were appointed by the County
Court in 182 5 to consider the practicability of clearing out
the south fork from the mouth of Ivy Creek to the "Little
River." The court also in 1841 directed an examination of
the improvements on the south fork with the view of allowing
additional tolls. Some still living remember boats bound for
the James River Canal at Columbia, which carried from
eighty to a hundred barrels of flour, and fiom forty to fifty
hogsheads of tobacco. The value of this work was entirely
destroyed by the advent of the railroads ; yet it seemed hard
to abandon an enterprise, on which so much had been
expended, and from which such great benefits had been
derived. Since the war another attempt was made to renew
its usefulness. Two dams were constructed, one above Milton,
and the other above Shadwell ; but both being damaged by
sweeping floods, the whole matter has been finally dropped.
The early settlers of Albemarle amidst all the distracting
labors of founding new homes, set no small value on the
advantages of education. Both those who pushed their way
up from the tidewater section, and the Scotch Irish element
who came over from the Valley, made it their care to build
the schoolhouse. Soon after the formation of the county.
Rev. James Maury, Rector of Fredericksville parish, opened
a classical school on the borders of Albemarle and Louisa,
which he superintended for many years with eminent success.
In this nursery of learning Mr. Jefferson received in part his
mental training. At the same period Rev. Samuel Black,
whose home was on Mechum's River below the Miller School,
was also engaged in teaching. Rev. Matthew Maury, son of
James, succeeded his father in the school as well as in the
parish. In fact, it was generally the case that ministers of
the gospel, whose salaries were small, joined the work of
instruction to their regular professional duties. In the early
deeds, it is not uncommon to find in the description of places
sold, the incidental mention of the schoolhouse, or the school-
house spring. It was also customary in setting forth the

86 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

parties to deeds, to state their residence and occupation, a
matter of no slight importance in a historical point of view.
We learn in this way that about 1760 a James Forbes, who
bought land on the head of Ivy Creek, was a schoolmaster,
and that William Coursey, Jr., who lived in the northern part
of the county, pursued the same vocation. David Rodes,
who resided on Moorman's River, mentions in some notes
still remaining, patronizing from 1766 to 1768, the schools of
Charles Lambert, William Coleman and William Harris.

In consequence of Mr. Jefferson's repeated suggestions,
seconded by the active efforts of Joseph Cabell in the Legis-
lature, a State law was passed in 1818 in which it was pro-
vided, that Commissioners should be appointed in every
county, not less than five, nor more than fifteen in number,
who should give attention to the children of families unable
to bear the expense of their education. These appointments
were made in Albemarle every three years for a considerable
time. Those who constituted the first commission were
Martin Dawson, James Clark, Francis Carr, John Goss,
Thomas Wood, James Jarman, John A. Michie, Isaac A.
Coles, William Harris, Allen Dawson, William Woods,
Samuel L. Hart, Charles Yancey, Christopher Hudson, and
Henry T. Harris.

In the early part of the century John Robertson, a native
of Scotland, and father of Judge W. J. Robertson, taught a
classical school on the east side of the South West Mountain.
His library, a catalogue of which is recorded in Will Book
No. Seven, contained a more complete set of the Greek and
Latin authors than perhaps could be found in any other
private collection in the State. The first numbers of the
Central Gazette supply some information in regard to the
educational facilities of the county during the decade of 1820.
In that year was commenced the Charlottesville Female
Seminary, the site of which was what is now the Leterman
lot, corner of High and Third Streets. Its first Principal
was a Mrs. George. It was subsequently presided over by
Mr. and Mrs. Littleford, of Baltimore, Mrs. G. K. Taylor,
and Mrs. Kgan. Mr. Gerard K. Stuck, who was accredited

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 87

by most flattering: testimonials, taught the Charlottesville
Academy, desio^ned for boys. Allen Dawson had a school,
first at his farm on the Scottsville Road, then at his house
on Main Street, west of Third, and still later at a school-
house that once stood on J. W. Marshall's lot on Park
Street. In this house Thomas Woodson taught some years
later. The small brick near the east end of Main Street,
now occupied bj^ William Durrett, accommodated suc-
cessively the schools of George Carr, Thomas W. Maury
and Rev. Mr. Hatch. Mr. Carr afterwards taught in con-
nection with Christopher Hornsey, and Mr. Maury removed
his school to his residence west of the Universit}', now owned
by Samuel Smerson. Mrs. Charles Spencer gave instruc-
tion to small children on the south side of Main Street at the
foot of Vinegar Hill, and to the same class of pupils Mrs.
Ebenezer Watts devoted her labors at a subsequent period.
Mrs. Rebecca Estes had a school for young ladies in the
large brick on the top of Vinegar Hill. About 1829 Mrs.
Blaetterman opened an academy for young ladies in the large
brick, south of where the lyynchburg Road passes under the
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. S. Overton Minor taught
at the Farm, and later in the basement of the old Baptist
Church. In the old brick next east of the Opera House on
West Main Street, a classical school was conducted by Bar-
tholomew Egan and Victor Ferrow. William A. Bowen
taught near Ivy Depot, holding his examinations in Moun-
tain Plains Church, and afterwards near Batesville, making
a similar use of Mount Ed Church. Thornton Rogers had a
classical academy at his place at Keswick. Joseph Mills
gave instruction near Earlysville, and William J. Wilkerson
two miles west of Michie's old Tavern. Mason Frizzell,
a graduate of Williams College, had charge of a school
on Chestnut Ridge, and John Duggins of one near H.
Martin's, presumably south of Covesville. T, L. Terrell
was a teacher at James H. Terrell's on the east side
of the South West Mountain. Samuel Harrison taught
at Piney Grove. A school in Brown's Cove was instructed
by William Brander, and a Female Seminary in the

88 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

same place by Miss Sarah P. Catlett. When Jonathan
B. Carr retired from the practice of the law, he opened
a school at his place, the Retreat, north of Dunlora. Rev.
Ovid A. Kinsolving received part of his early education at
Plain Dealing, the residence of Samuel Dyer.

During the next decade was built the house where Dr.
William S. White taught for some years, now the Presbyte-
rian Manse, and shortly after the brick at the corner of Maple
and Seventh Streets was erected as a Female Seminary.
Midway, first opened as a hotel under Louis A. Xaupi,
became the seat of a flourishing academy taught by Duke
and Powers — Alexander Duke and Pike Powers — and after-
wards by Duke and SlayghterT— Alexander Duke and Charles
Slaughter.

These were some of the places of instruction which existed
at that time, and which for the most part might be styled
high schools. In them were imparted the elements of a clas-
sical education. They were the forerunners of those admirable
preparatory seats of learning which arose in the next genera-
tion, and still exist in living memory, those of Franklin
Minor at Ridgeway, of Charles Minor at Brookhill, of Pro-
fessor Gessner Harrison at Cocke's Tavern, of William Din-
widdie at Greenwood, of Col. J. B. Strange on the Ridge
at Charlottesville, and of Brown and Tebbs at Bloomfield ;
and at a later period, those of Major Horace Jones in Char-
lottesville, of the Wood Brothers at Cocke's Tavern, and of
John R. Sampson at Pantops.

A project was conceived of establishing at or near Char-
lottesville a large academy, to be organized and managed on
the plan of the German Gymnasium. Its great design was
to insure a more exact and thorough drill in the rudiments
of learning, and thus afford a more adequate preparation for
entrance into the University. In prosecution of this idea, a
long prospectus was published in 1829, signed by a large
Dumlier of the most eminent men in all sections of the State,
but nothing tangible ever resulted. Things still seem to be
shaping themselves more and more in agreement with the
wonderful foresight of Mr. Jefferson, forming that gradation

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 89

which constituted the ideal of his mind, each step rising
higher from the common school to the University, at which
all the last and most finished results of every branch of
learning could be obtained.

Jefferson well deserves the title of Father of the University
of Virginia. The whole establishment was the outgrowth
of his views upon education. These views occupied his
mind while acting as one of the Revisors of the Laws of
Virginia in 1776, were constantly revolved in his thoughts,
and were from time to time expressed in legislative bills,
and correspondence with his friends, until they finally
assumed permanent form in the noble institution which is
the chief ornament of Albemarle, and one of the chief orna-
ments of the State. His fundamental maxim was, that the
stability and happiness of the republic depended on the gen-
eral diffusion of knowledge through the mass of the people ;
hence the attainment of this object was perhaps more the
dictate of his patriotism, than of his literary tastes. The
instrumentality to be employed comprehended common
schools, grammar schools or academies, and a university as
the head of the system. An act containing these general
ideas was prepared and presented to the General Assembly
in 1779, but amidst the turmoil of the Revolution attracted
but little attention. The same views were expressed in his
Notes on Virginia, in which he proposed that William and
Mary should be enlarged, and made to occupy the place of a
university. In 1796 the Legislature passed an act which
approached as near the attainment of free schools in V irginia ,
as was ever realized until after the war.

This act provided that a majority of the acting justices of
each county should determine whether they should be estab-
lished ; that in case they came to this conclusion, they should
elect three officers called aldermen, who should divide their
county into hundreds, in imitation of the political divisions
of old English times; and that the people of each hundred
should tax themselves for the erection of a school house
in the most convenient place, and for the support of a
teacher. According to Mr. Jefferson, the common schools

90 HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE

were to be wholly supported by local taxation, the acad-
emy was to be assisted by the State, and the University
was to receive a larger measure of State assistance, in con-
junction with the benevolent contributions of the friends
of education. But his conceptions were far in advance of
his age. The magistrates were as little inclined as the peo-
ple, to levy a special tax for general education. Although
before the system was introduced by the present con-
stitution, the counties and cities of the state were allowed
by special enactment to adopt free schools for themselves, it
is doubted whether a single county availed itself of the priv-
ilege, and whether more than one or two cities were liberal
minded enough to enter upon the work. A meeting of the
magistrates of Albemarle was called to consider the subject
in 1797, the year after the act referred to was passed, at
which were present Francis Walker, Samuel Murrell, Rice
Garland , Wilson C. Nicholas , George Divers, Bernard Brown,
Thomas C. Fletcher and Thomas Bell. The decision at
which they arrived was, "that no election of aldermen shall
be held this year" — nor was any ever held thereafter. Under
the law of 1818 which required not less than five nor more
than fifteen Commissioners to be appointed in every county,
the full number was appointed in this county. They dis-
posed of the quota of the State Literary Fund apportioned
to the county, and provided for free education as far as this
means would allow. Children thus aided were admitted to
the schools upon certificate from one of the magistrates. In
1849 a memorable debate on the question took place before
the people of the county, and an election was held. Dr.
William H. McGuffey, of the University, took the stump in
behalf of free schools, and General William F. Gordon and
Col. T. J. Randolph against them. By the popular vote
it was decided, that the time for public schools had not yet
come.

As early as 1 783 , just alter the Revolutionary War, a move -
ment was begun to establish a grammar school in Albemarle.
This appears from a letter of Mr. Jefferson, written the last
day of that year. In it he narrates the efforts he had made

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 91

to secure a teacher, some literary character of the Irish nation,
or some person from Scotland — "from that country we are
sure of having sober, attentive men." A charter was ob-
tained for the Albemarle Academy in 1803 ; but though
trustees were elected, nothing further was accomplished.
Mr. Jefferson was President of the United States, and had
the affairs of the country on his hands; the mainspring was
therefore wanting. In 1814 he was appointed a trustee.
Agitation at once commenced, plans were devised, a site
was pitched upon, the town of Charlottesville was selected.
But the project was soon enlarged. Albemarle Academy
grew into Central College. The Legislature made this change
of name in 1816, and provided for the appointment by the
Governor of six visitors, who should choose professors, and
superintend the affairs of the new institution. The visitors
were Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe,
Joseph C. Cabell, David Watson and John H. Cocke. The
next year land was bought from John M. Perry, the present
site of the University, and on October 6th, 1817, the corner
stone of Central College was laid.

The design had received a start, and like the letting out
of waters could not be stopped. Matters ripened fast. In
February 1818, the Legislature enacted that the Governor
should appoint Commissioners, one from each Senatorial
district of the State, who should meet in the month of August
in that year at a tavern in Rockfish Gap on the Blue Ridge,
and settle the site for a university, a plan for its construction,
the sciences to be taught, the number of professors, and a
legislative bill for organizing and managing the institution.
That body was appointed, and consisted of the following
gentlemen: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Spencer
Roane, Creed Taylor, Peter Randolph, William Brocken-
brough, Archibald Rutherford, Henry E. Watkins, Armis-
tead T. Mason, Hugh Holmes, John G. Jackson, William H.
Cabell, Nathaniel H. Claiborne, William A. E. Dade, Wil-
liam Jones, James Breckinridge, Philip C. Pendleton, Archi-
bald Stuart, Thomas Wilson, M. C. Taylor, Philip Slaughter,
John Johnson, R. B. Taylor, and Faulkner. All

92 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

except the last three met at the tavern designated, which was
the predecessor of the present Mountain Top, and was kept
at the time by two brothers named I^eake, kinsmen of the
late Hon. Shelton F. Leake. Their hall of assembly was a
low, whitewashed room, furnished with a deal dining table
and split-bottomed chairs. The Commissioners were men
of distinction, yet with them as with others local predilections
had their weight. Jefferson, who was chosen president,
strongly endeavored to secure Central College as the site.
Two other places were proposed, Staunton and Lexington.
After mature consideration the vote was taken, and stood
sixteen for Central College, three for Lexington, and two for
Staunton. The work was virtually accomplished. On Jan-
uary 25th, 1819, Central College was by the Legislature
transmuted into the University of Virginia.

The erection of buildings which had been begun bj^ the
authorities of Central College, was already in a good degree
of forwardness. The plan of the whole group, as well as the
styles of the particular edifices, had been designed by Mr.
Jefferson himself. All the residences, or pavilions, as they
were called, and all the dormitories, on the West Lawn were
put up, and the interior wood work and plastering were in
progress. This was true also in regard to the first and sec-
ond pavilions, that is, the two most northerly, and ten dormi-
tories, on East I,awn. No contracts had yet been let for the
remaining buildings ,the three southern pavilions and the other
dormitories on Kast Lawn, and the hotels and dormitories on
the East and West Ranges. Nor was any mention yet made
of the erection of the Rotunda. The first pavilion designed
in the Doric order, with the four adjoining dormitories,
on West Lawn was built, the brick work by Carter and
Phillips, and the wood work by James Oldham. Matthew
Brown did the brick work, and James Dinsmore the wood
work, of the second pavilion in the Corinthian order. The
third pavilion in the Ionic order, with the seven nearest dor-
mitories, was erected, the brick work by John M. Perry, and
the wood work by Perry and Dinsmore. The fourth pavilion
in the Doric order, with fifteen dormitories adjacent, was

HISTORY OF AL,BEMARLE 93

Luilt, the brick work by Matthew Brown, David Knight and
Hugh Chisholm, and the wood work by John M. Perry, The
fifth pavilion and one dormitory were built, the brick
work by Carter and Phillips, and the wood work by George
W. Spooner and John Neilson, The entire work of pavilions
one and two, with the ten adjoining dormitories, on East
Lawn, was contracted for by Richard Ware.

According to Mr. Jefferson's report in 1821, the cost of the
ten pavilions was estimated at eighty -six thousand dollars,
of the one hundred and nine dormitories at sixty-five thou-
sand, and of the six hotels at tv/enty- four thousand. The
entire sum for land, buildings and labor was placed at two
hundred and seven thousand. The construction of the
Rotunda proved to be an expensive undertaking. An esti-
mate published in Niles's Register in 1826, set down the cost
of the complete establishment at about four hundred thousand
dollars.

The scholastic duties of the University began at length on
March 7th, 1825. The number of students present at the
opening was forty; the whole number matriculated during
the session up to the last of September, was one hundred
and sixteen. The Central Gazette issued on the seventh of
March noticed the opening, and stated "that many were said
to have been prevented from being present by heavy rains
and bad roads."

In the early days of the University there was a greater
tendency to disorder among the students than has since been
apparent. In 1836 wild and boisterous spirits prevailed to
such an extent that the firm hand of Benjamin Ficklin was
required to repress their effervescence, and in 1840 the deplor-
able death of Prof. John A. G. Davis occurred by the
rash violence of a student. But the height of these excesses
produced a reaction, and led to a more quiet and rational
line of conduct. It may be safely afiSrmed, that in the history
of the institution as a whole, there have been as little turbu-
lence and destructive riot as in any assemblage of like kind
in the country. In truth, notwithstanding reports to the
contrary, the most healthful moral influences have been in

94 ' HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

operation from the beginning. In 1828 the faculty by their
formal action invited Rev. F. W. Hatch and Rev. F. Bow-
man, the only resident ministers in the town, to preach
alternately every Sunday at the University. In 1830 a Tem-
perance Society, holding regular sessions, was formed among
the students. Its first officers were J. W. C. Watson, Presi-
dent, Thomas H. Hamner, first Vice President, Socrates
Maupin, second Vice President, and Samuel Scott, Secretary,
and a hall was erected for its special use in 1856. About
1830 a chaplain was chosen by the faculty to officiate regu-
larly in the institution, and for more than sixty years this
office was statedly filled, and supported by the voluntary
contributions of the professors and students; and in 1854 a
comfortable house was built on the University grounds as
the chaplain's residence. During the period when the scenes
of gieatest disorder occurred, a weekly prayer meeting was
maintained among the students by the energetic zeal of such
men as Dr. Frank Sampson and Rev. Dennis Dudley, then
prosecuting their academic studies ; and later a Young Men's
Christian Association was formed within its walls, which
was the first organized body of the kind in the countr5^

In those early days the students of the University wore a
uniform. It consisted of a suit of grayish cloth, called Ox-
ford Mixed, specially imported from year to year by John
Cochran, the coat braided on the collar, and the pantaloons
striped at the sides. This badge of distinction gave rise to
an extensive industry in Charlottesville. From a hundred
to a hundred and twenty journeyman tailors were engaged
in its manufacture, and the firm of Marshall & Bailey,
Shoemakers, employed from thirty five to forty hands in
their lousiness.

The Public Hall annexed to the Rotunda, and destroyed
by the fire of 1895, was commenced in 1851 , and in 1859 Daw-
son's Row was erected. These buildings were constructed
with the ijrocjeds of a farm devised by the will of Martin
Dawson, a citizen of the county, who died in 1835. By the
sale of this farm, the sum of fourteen thousand dollars was
realized. The Chemical Laboratory was erected in 1870,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 95

the Brooks Museum in 1875, and the buildings of the Mc-
Cormick Observatory in 1881. In 1859 a parcel of land be-
longing to Mrs. Sophia Johnson, containing several springs,
and lying in a ravine north of Observatory Mountain,
together with the right of way for pipes, was condemned for
the use of the University. A reservoir was formed in the
ravine to furnish the institution with a supply of water.

96 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

CHAPTER V.

The only reference to the war of 1812 in the records occurs
in 1866, where an enumeration of the family of James Michie,
Jr., was presented to the Court. It was there stated, that in
that contest that gentleman was a corporal in the company
of Captain Estes, of the Virginia militia, and that a land war-
rant for one hundred and sixty acres was issued to his
descendants on that account. It is ascertained upon inquiry
that a cavalry company from the county commanded by
Colonel Samuel Carr, and of which Dr. Frank Carr was
Surgeon, and an infantry company of which Achilles Broad -
head was Captain, were also. called into service. From the
same source it is learned that William Wertenbaker was a
private in Captain Estes's company, and Henry Turner, the
father of the venerable William H. Turner, served in the
cavalry. To what point these troops were marched is not
known; but as the enemy never landed on the soil of the
State, no occasion happened for their employment in action.
In a letter dated September 1814, and written by William
Wirt, who commanded an artillery company in camp on York
River, he says, "Frank Gilmer, Jefferson Randolph, the
Carrs and others, have got tired waiting for the British, and
gone home."

Captain Estes above mentioned was Triplett T. Estes, who
for many years kept the Stone Tavern on the square on which
Lipscomb's livery stable stands. In the appointment of
Processioners in 1811, he is designated as Captain of the
militia company in the district immediately south of Char-
lottesville, and to which the inhabitants of the town belonged.
He was unfortunate in his business affairs. He purchased
the Stone Tavern with its surrounding square, but was un-
able to make the payments. At one time he also owned the
farm on Biscuit Run which Martin Dawson afterwards devised
to the University ; but that together with all his property

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 97

was sold under deeds of trust. About 1819 he removed from
Charlottesville to Fredericksburg, and in 1832 was living in
Dinwiddie County, probablj^ in Petersburg.

In 1816 the County Court received a communication from
the State authorities, requesting a survey of the County to
be made in order to the preparation of an accurate map of
the State. In compliance with this request they appointed
Dabney Minor, Dr. Frank Carr and Dr. Charles Brown to
arrange for the survey; and in answer to their overtures
William H. Meriwether proposed to undertake the work. It
is supposed he carried it into effect; but no details of the
time or manner of its accomplishment have been found.
The results of this and other similar surve5's throughout the
State, were committed to John Wood, an eminent engineer
of the day. He however died in 1822, before the completion
of his task. The fruits of his labors, with all the materials
which had been collected, were then entrusted to Herman
Boye. By the contract entered into with him, the map was
to have been finished on the first of April 1824, and in all
likelihood it was published during the course of that year.
A well preserved copy formerly hung in the University
Library in the Rotunda, but it no doubt perished in the fire
of 1895. Two or three other copies in private hands, much
defaced by time and want of care, have been met with in the
county.

The Legislature passed an act in January 1818, establish-
ing the town of Scottsville on James River. This point had
been well known from the beginning of the county. In its
proximity the first courthouse had been located, and for
seventeen years was the centre of public business for all the
surrounding country. It can hardly be questioned that the
people of the neighborhood looked upon it as a heavy blow,
when the seat of justice was removed, and they were obliged
to repair to Charlottesville in discharge of their public
functions.

It continued nevertheless to be a place of considerable
notoriety. As Scott's Ferry, it was a point of chief impor-

98 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

tance in crossing the river James, and maintaining the means
of communication between the inhabitants north and south
of that stream; and as Scott's Landing, it was a station of
some consequence in the business of its navigation. When
the Tobacco Warehouses were established at Milton and the
mouth of Balleuger's Creek in 1792, liberty was also given
for the erection of one on John Scott's land at Scott's Ferry,
but restricted by the conditions, that the proprietor should
construct an eiifice of brick or stone, with roof of slate or
tile, and with gates of iron, and that until the County Court
entered upon their records the fact of such construction, no
tobacco should be received, and no inspectors appointed.
As no fact of the kind was made a matter of record, it would
appear the proprietor regarded the conditions too burdensome
to fulfil.

The desire for the founding of a town at this place was un-
doubtedly stimulated by the progress of the James River im-
provement, and the further extension of the canal. An
abortive attempt seems to have been made in 1816 by private
efforts of the Coles family, who sold a number of lots with that
end in view. Two years later the sanction of the Legisla-
ture was obtained for the project. Fifteen acres of land be-
longing to John Scott were vested in Samuel Dyer, Sr. , Samuel
Dyer, Jr., Christopher Hudson, Tucker Coles and John Coles
as Trustees, to be laid out in half acre lots, to be conveyed
to purchasers, and to be called the town of Scottsville. Thirty-
three lots and four outlots were sold the same year for
upwards of thirteen thousand dollars. About 1830 an addi-
tion was made on its western boundary by Peyton Harrison,
who had since its origin purchased the Belle Grove planta-
tion, which lay just above the town, and on which the old
courthouse formerly stood.

In 1824 the Staunton and James River Turnpike was com-
menced, and Scottsville was its river terminus-. Because of
its fine shipping facilities, it was not long before great num-
bers of huge, old-fashioned wagons thronged its streets,
large consignments of produce from the west, and of merchan-
dise from the east, filled its warehouses, and it became the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 99

emporium of a busy commerce, and rapidly rose to great
prosperity. A tobacco warehouse was now successfully
established, and its jBrst inspectors were James B. Holman,
James Thomas, Fleming Moon and Richard Omohundro.
It enjoyed the brightness of these palmy days until about
1850, when its flourishing trade was greatly diminished by
the advent of the railroads. It continued however to possess
the benefits of the canal, and when that was relinquished,
those of the railway which succeeded in its stead.

No newspaper was published in Albemarle during the first
seventy-five years of its existence, nor until the fifty-seventh
year after the establishment of Charlottesville. People de-
pended on Richmond and Washington for information of
events transpiring in the world, and as in those days the mail
was received but once a week, it is probable but few dailies
were taken. At tbe close of the last century the Courts di-
rected their orders to be published in the Virginia Gazette in
Richmond, and after the beginning of the present century,
sometimes in a paper of Staunton, and sometimes in one of
Lynchburg.

But in a county where so much of intellectual cultivation
existed, where Charlottesville Academy had merged into
Central College, and Central College was merging into the
University of Virginia, it was high time that a step so in-
dicative of mental and literary activity should be taken. The
first paper issued in its bounds was the Central Gazette, its
first number appearing on the twenty-ninth of January, 1820.
Its proprietors were Clement P. and John H. McKennie.
It became the medium of advertisements for this and the
contiguous counties. Some original communications were
contributed, but the main part of its literary matter consisted
of extracts from other papers, setting forth the political events
of the day, and the news from foreign countries. After a
time Thomas* W. Gilmer was associated with its editorial
staff. It is not certainly known how long its publication
continued, but it probably ceased about 1827 or 1828. A
number of its volumes bound, and running perhaps through
its whole course, were deposited in the University Library,

100 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

but all except the first were unfortunately consumed in the
fire of 1895.

The Virginia Advocate was the next journal that appeared.
It began simultaneously with the cessation of the Gazette. Its
first editors were Thomas W. Gilmer and John A. G. Davis.
Nicholas P Trist subsequently took part in its management.
It then passed into the hands of Dr. Frank Carr, and was
sold by hira in 1830 to E. W. Reinhart. After an interval
of some years it was under the control of William W. Tomp-
kins and Alexander Moseley, the latter of whom afterwards
became the distinguished editor of the Richmond Whig.
Later it was conducted by Robert C. Noel, William J. Shel-
ton and James C. Halsall, and still later it was edited succes-
sively by John L- Cochran and James C. Southall.

In the meantime, about 1829 or 1830, James Alexander
came to Charlottesville from Massachusetts through the
agency of Colonel T, J. Randolph, to undertake the printing
of Mr. Jefferson's correspondence. When that work c^/as
completed, Mr. Alexander commenced in 1836 the publica-
tion of the Jeffersonian Republican, avowedly as a Demo-
cratic organ. Some years before the opposition to General
Jackson had assumed positive form, and between the Whig
and Democratic parties lines of demarcation had been dis-
tinctly drawn. The Advocate had taken sides with the for-
mer, and to further the interests of the latter the Jeffersonian
was set on foot. Mr. Alexander was the ostensible editor
as well as publisher, though he was constantly supplied with
articles written by such active members of the party as Col-
onel Randolph, Frank Ruffin, Shelton F. Leake and others.
These two papers ran side by side until both were suspended
by the disorganizing influences of the civil war. During
their continuance a periodical of some sort, exhibiting the
title of The Idea, was started by Thomas W. Michie, but
apparently it proved ephemeral in its duration. A few
months before the war began, a new journal appeared under
the name of the Charlottesville Review, but owing to the disas-
trous pressure of the times it survived but a short season.
A religious paper, the Christian Intelligencer, was published
for a time in Charlottesville by Rev. James Goss.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 101

All papers had discontinued their issues by May 1862.
While the period of suspension lasted, orders of Court were
directed to be published in Lynchburg or Staunton. In Oc-
tober 186-1- James C. Southall commenced the publication of
the Chronicle, and in 1868 disposed of it to Bennett Taylor
and John W. Foster. They were succeeded by Littleton
Waddell, and he, by H. B. Michie. Some years after the
war the Jeffersonian Republican was recommenced by R. P.
Valentine, with A. R. Blakey as editor. It was afterwards
transferred to James Blakey, who conducted it several years.
The present paper of the county, the Progress, was launched
as a Daily in 1890 by J. H. Lindsay, and it was not long
before it absorbed both of the other papers. The Chronicle
was published as a Tri-Weekly, and all the other journals
mentioned except the Progress as Weeklies.

Besides the Correspondence of Mr. Jefferson which has
been mentioned, a Gazetteer of Virginia was published in
Charlottesville in 1835 by Joseph Martin. It was an octavo
of more than six hundred pages. It contained a collection
of statistics, valuable at the time, a description of each
county, with an enumeration of its post offices, a history of
Virginia, written expressly for the v/ork, and a map of the
State as it then was. Quite a corps of collaborators was
engaged in its execution. William H. Brockenbrough, a
member of the Albemarle bar, and subsequently Judge of the
United States District Court of Florida, was editor, Moseley
and Tompkins printers, Joseph Martin binder, and E. C.
Morse general aid.

In early periods the people of the county seem to have
been animated by a stronger public spirit than prevails at
present. This was manifested in their frequent co-operative
action for attaining important results. For sometime prior
to 1820 the Albemarle Agricultural Society was accomplish-
ing a successful work, its members publishing accounts of
their individual experiments, maintaining a correspondence
with kindred bodies, and holding annual exhibitions of their
products, with the award of liberal premiums to competitors
who excelled. An idea of the powerful influence it exerted

102 HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE

for good, may be formed from the list of those who took a
leading part in its affairs. James Madison was its Presi-
dent Its first Vice President was Thomas Mann Ran-
dolph, its second, John H. Cocke, its Treasurer, Nimrod
Bramham, and its Secretaries, Peter Minor and Dr. Frank
Carr. Its Committee of Correspondence were T. M.
Randolph, James Barbour, Dr. Thomas G. Watkins, Wil-
liam D. Meriwether and Peter Minor, and its Committee
of Accounts, Dabney Minor, Dr. Thomas E. Randolph
and John J. Winn. Among the excellent disquisitions
published on these subjects. Colonel Randolph described his
experiments with clover, John H. Craven how he reduced
the great gullies with which Pen Park was furrowed when it
came into his possession, and Peter Minor the results of
different methods of corn-planting on high lands. At one of
its yearly exhibitions, the first premium for the best tilled
farm in the county was assigned to John Rogers, and the
second to John H. Craven. On these occasions George W'
Kinsolving and William Woods, Surveyor, displayed their
fine blooded horses, the latter supplying his stables with
purchases from the choice stock of John Randolph of Roa-
noke. Beyond question the agency of this Society gave a
powerful stimulus to the improvement of the live stock of the
county, as well as to the better cultivation of its soil.

In those days a Colonization Society existed, of which
Jonathan B. Carr was Treasurer, and which held an annual
meeting on the first Monday of October. In furtherance of
its objects Rev. Francis Bowman preached a sermon on the
Fourth of July 1824, and in May 1830 the ladies of Char-
lottesville and the county held a fair at Fitch's Tavern.

The Albemarle Bible Society was organized in August
1828. Nathaniel Burnley acted as Secretary when they first
convened, and the first Monday of August was appointed as
the time of the annual meeting. A full staff of officers was
elected for a thorough canvass of the county, and for the
energetic prosecution of its work. Hugh Nelson was Presi-
dent, John Kelly, Vice President, Rev. F. W. Hatch, Secre-
tary, Rev. F. Bowman, Treasurer, and Dr. Hardin Massie,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 103

William Woods, Surveyor, Nimrod Bramham, G. W. Kin-
solving and John Rogers, Managers. Agents were likewise
chosen to awaken interest in the different battalion districts.
George Wood and Allen Dickerson served in the first bat-
talion of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment, John J. Bowcock and
M. Fretwell in the second, Dr. Harris and John B. Hart in
the first battalion of the Forty-Seventh, John L,. Thomas and
Matthew Pilson in the second, and Dr. H. Massie in the town
of Charlottesville, It is a matter of interest to know who
at that time were leaders in so praiseworthy a cause.

A Debating Society was maintained in Charlottesville,
which, besides kindling the talents and directing the studies
of the young men of the town, quickened the patriotism of
the community by occasionally celebrating the Fourth of July.
On that day 1830, they assembled in the Presbyterian Church,
where Dr. Frank Carr read the Declaration of Independence,
and Nathaniel Wolfe, a member of the bar, delivered an
oration.

In 1830 the Albemarle Temperance Society was formed
with Dr. Frank Carr as President, Dr. H. Massie, Vice Presi-
dent, J. W. C. Watson, Secretary, and Edward S. Watson,
Treasurer.

Nor should it be omitted, that as a means of promoting
the mental life and culture of the community, a meeting was
held in 1823 for the establishment of a public library. A
committee was appointed to draft a constitution, and another
consisting of Mr. Jefferson, Rev. F. Bowman and John
Ormond, a member of the bar, to prepare a catalogue of
appropriate books for purchase. The next year the Albe-
marle Ivibrar3'^ Association was organized. V. W. Southall
was its President, John J. Winn its Vice President, Ira
Garrett its Secretary, William Wertenbaker its Treasurer,
and William H. Meriwether its Librarian. Its doors were to
open Mondays and Fridays, from eleven A. M. to three P.
M. lyike many other beneficent projects, it has passed
away among the things that were, and its books scattered to
the four winds. Occasionally an odd volume may still be
met with, marked with the label of the Association.

104 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

The visit of Lafayette to this country occurred in 1824, and
Albemarle was particularly honored with his presence. In
November of that year he came from Richmond to exchange
greetings with Mr. Jefferson, Special preparations were
made for his reception. At the Fluvanna line a troop of
cavalry, named in his honor the Lafayette Guards, met him
on Thursday the eleventh, to escort him to Monticello. The
officers of this detachment were John H. Craven, Captain,
George W. Kinsolving, First Lieutenant, Richard Watson,
Second Lieutenant, and Thomas W. Gilmer, Cornet. On its
arrival at that point, the carriage containing Lafayette was
halted, and he was addressed by William C. Rives, who in
the course of his remarks mentioned, that he was held in
lively and affectionate remembrance by the people of Virginia,
and that not far from where they stood there remained a
memento of him and his gallant services in their behalf dur-
ing the Revolution, as the road by which he led his army to
protect the old Court House from Cornwallis's approach,
still bore the name of the Marquis's Road.

When the cortege arrived at Monticello, the troop was
drawn up, on each side of the southern lawn. Lafayette
alighted a short distance from the portico, from which Jef-
ferson descended with tottering steps to meet him as he
approached. As they drew near, the one exclaimed with
choking emotion, "Lafa5^ette," and the other with the
same tender pathos, "Jefferson," and for a season they were
locked in each other's embrace, while tears freelj^' coursed
down their cheeks. So affecting was the scene that there
was scarcely a dry eye among all the spectators. At length
the venerable friends turned and entered the house Before
they were seated however, word was brought to Lafayette
that a company of youth, styled the Junior Volunteers, who
had been a part of his escort from the Fluvanna line, wished
to offer him the tribute of their respect. He immediately
returned to the portico, where he was saluted in an admirable
and manly address by Egbert R. Watson, then fourteen
years of age. When the conclusion was reached, he ap-
proached the youthful orator, and taking both his hands in

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 105

his own, assured him and his companions of his hearty
appreciation of their reception.

On Friday the twelfth, he was conveyed to the Central
Hotel in Charlottesville, where he was addressed by Thomas
J. Randolph. A public reception followed. At noon a
procession was formed and marched to the University, where
on the portico of the Rotunda he was again addressed by
William F. Gordon. In the Rotunda, then in an unfinished
condition, a large number of guests sat down with him to
dinner. According to the programme, Governor Randolph
was to have presided on the occasion; but being necessarily
absent, his place was happily filled by V. W. Southall. At
six o'clock Lafayette returned to Monticello, accompanied by
Jefferson and Madison, with whom he quietly spent the
interval until Monday the fifteenth. On that day he was
again taken in charge by the Guards, and conducted as far
as Gordonsville on his way to Montpelier.

At this period, and for some time previous, many persons
visited the county to obtain the sight of Monticello, and its
distinguished occupant. They came from all parts of the
country, and even from foreign lands. Mr. Jefferson was
obliged largely to pay the penalty of greatness. Some of his
visitors were animated by a just admiration of his brilliant
gifts and services, others moved by a curiosity both low and
annoying. An Englishman, who spent some time in the
country toward the end of 1824, left on record his great
delight with the aged statesman, with Charlottesville, and
with the whole state of Virginia ; and as an instance of the
unbounded hospitality he had experienced, he states, that
the evening before his departure from Charlottesville he was
obliged to sup with three different families. Another
stranger, in a letter dated March 1825, expresses himself in
the following enthusiastic terms over the beauty of Albemarle
scenery :

"The site of the village [Charlottesville] is upon the sum-
mit of a gentle elevation which begins to rise from the foot
of Monticello. It contains a courthouse, a half finished
church, and three or four taverns, which constitute the whole

106 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

of its public buildings. It covers a limited portion of ground,
and from its appearance, though I cannot positively affirm
the fact, may number six hundred inhabitants. When a
traveller arrives in the village, he is struck with the sublime,
beautiful and picturesque scenery which everywhere sur-
rounds him, and he pauses to contemplate with eager curi-
osity the magnificent prospect which meets his view. He
forgets there is such a place as Charlottesville in existence,
when he casts his eye upon mountain after mountain rising
in regular succession, and whose lofty summits mingle with
the sky till they are lost in the distance. At one time the tops
of these lofty hills are enveloped in clouds, and at others
when the glorious King of day sinks behind them, and tinges
with golden rays their elevated heads, it calls forth an
unfeigned burst of admiration. The pure, unadulterated air
which descends into this village, surrounded with these
mountains, gives infallible token that the best of all earthly
blessings, health, dwells among them."

Besides the public buildings referred to above, Charlottes-
ville had at that time a market house. In October 1829,
Opie Norris advertised the "old" structure of that name for
sale, and required the removal of all the materials from the
ground. Its site was on Market Street immediately east of
Third. Soon after the war another edifice of the kind was
taken down at the west end of Market Street; whether it was
erected just after the demolition of the first is not known.

It was an advanced period in the history of the county
before banking facilities were enjoyed. In the earlier years
when a business man wished to remit money in the long in-
tervals of a payment in person, it was a common practice to
cut in two a bank note of high denomination, and send a
half by mail, and when the receipt of that was acknowledged,
to send the other half. In one instance this mode of remit-
tance led to an unhappy episode in the life of one of the
citizens.

In 1820 Solomon Ballon advertised to run a hack to and
from Richmond once a week, leaving Charlottesville on Wed-
nesdays at the tavern of G. W. Kinsolving, and Richmond on

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 107

Saturdays at Saunder's Tavern. His design was to trans-
port passengers, and also to carry the mails. Sometime
after Opie Norris in the course of business sent the half of a
fifty dollar note to a correspondent in Richmond. Hearing
nothing in reply, he had the other half mailed from Nelson
County to go by a different route, accompanied with the
explanation that he had already sent the first half. Assured
that the latter had not been received, he had Ballon arrested
and searched, and the missing piece was found on his person.
In consequence he was convicted of robbing the mail, and
sent for a term of years to the penitentiary. What seemed
a prosperous career, was thus brought to a sad end. Ballon
was doubtless the son of a man of the same name, who in 1780
bought a large plantation between Ivy Creek and Mechum's
River from Rev. William Woods. After his fall, Frank B.
Dyer sold under a deed of trust Lot Twenty-Nine — the most
easterly lot of the old town on the south side of Main Street
— of which he was the owner; and in 1832, when his im-
prisonment had probably ended, he and his wife Philadelphia
sold to John Lee the south end of the lot on which the Perley
Building stands.

It was still some time before a backing house was opened
in the county. The first concern of the kind was founded
during the decade of 1830. This was the Savings Bank of
Charlottesville, of which John H. Bibb was Cashier, and
which, when its business had grown to large proportions in
later years, had its office in the building of the Monticello
Bank. In the beginning of 1840, a branch of the Farmers'
Bank of Virginia was located in Charlottesville, at first on
the west side of the Square. John R. Jones, James W.
Saunders and T. J. Randolph were its Presidents in succes-
sion, William A. Bibb its Cashier, and Kemp Lowry and
Kdlow Bacon its Tellers. It was here the venerable John
M. Godwin received his financial training, being connected
with the bank during the whole of its existence. The
present City Hall on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets,
was erected for the prosecution of its business.

Shortly after the establishment of the Farmers' Bank, the

108 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Monticello Bank was commenced. Its place of business was
the large edifice on the corner of Main and Fourth Streets ^
which was especially built for its use. N. H. Massie was its
President, B. C. Flannagan its Cashier, and Alexander P.
Abell its Teller.

All these institutions were permanently closed by the civil
war. The one last mentioned had a somewhat romantic
prolongation of its proceedings after the cessation of hostili-
ties. When towards the termination of the war apprehen-
sions were entertained of the Sheridan Raid, it was deemed
advisable to remove the specie of the bank from its vaults.
Protected by a detachment of the Provost Guard, several
boxes of gold and silver coin were taken from the bank to
the residence of B. C. Flannagan, now in the occupancy of
Judge Lyon. The same night the bank ofl&cers, accom-
panied b}^ a friend and a negro in whom confidence was
reposed, transported them across the country to the brow of
the hill on the east side of Ivy Creek, near the point where it
is crossed by the Whitehall Road. lu the evidence detailed
before the Court, a graphic description was given of the
journey, made toilsome by their heavy burdens, amidst the
gloom of the nocturnal darkness, over the face of the land
unmarked by any object in the shape of enclosure or fence,
all having been swept away by the ravages of the war.
Reaching the place proposed, they hastily dug holes for the
reception of the boxes. They found the ground frozen and
stony, so that their work was difi&cult. They were likewise
hampered by the fear, that the noise of their picks striking
upon the rocks might attract the ears of some belated passen-
ger. The result was that the boxes were partly buried in
shallow excavations, and partly covered with leaves under
the trunk of a fallen tree. After the return of peace it was
discovered that the money buried in the earth was gone,
while that concealed under the leaves remained undisturbed.

In searching the surrounding locality, an envolope was
found addressed to George W. Bailey. Inquiry revealed the
fact, that he and several friends had been fishing along Ivy
Creek a few days before. Bailey was arrested, and no other

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 109

evidence appearing at his examination, was discharged. He
thereupon brought suit against B. C. Flannagan, who had
procured his arrest. The case was tried at the October term
of the Circuit Court in 1866, and excited intense interest in
the community, both from the mysterious incidents involved,
and from the brilliant array of legal talent on both sides.
The jury came to the conclusion that the defendant had not
acted unjustly or unreasonably.

After the war the Charlottesville National Bank was
organized in place of the Monticello Bank, with the same
officers. In 1867 the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank opened
its doors on the north side of Main Street below Fifth, its
President being John I,. Cochran, and its Cashier John M.
Godwin. About the same time the Virginia Loan & Trust
Company was projected, but was not long after transformed
into the Citizens' National Bank, under Doctor Henry How-
ard as its President, and W. W. Flannagan as its Cashier.
On the death of Doctor Howard in 1874, this institution was
consolidated with the Charlottesville National Bank. In
consequence of the financial panic which swept over the
country in 1873, and of discounts granted beyond safe limits,
both of the remaining banks collapsed, entailing upon the
community no little loss, and causing a serious disturbance
of its business. In the lack of banking facilities thus oc-
casioned, the Albemarle Insurance Company, which was
established in 1851, and had been managed with great profit,
became a place of deposit in charge of John Wood Jr. ; but
it shortly failed under the stringency of the times. To meet
the requirements of trade, B. H. Brennan, who had recently
come to the county from Buffalo, New York, opened a private
bank, with his son Frederick, as Cashier, and Daniel Harmon,
as Teller. It likewise suffered from adverse conditions, and
soon succumbed.

At the close of this season of commercial disaster and
gloom, the present monetary institutions, the People's Na-
tional Bank, and the Bank of Albemarle, entered upon their
career, and by careful and skilful supervision, it is believed,
are fixed on firm foundations.

no HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

The Courts, besides discharging the ordinary routine of
business committed to their charge, maintained a vigilant
oversight of the morals of the people. Some of the former
generations of the county appear to have been much more
addicted to the vice of gambling than the present. It per-
tained to the country as well as the town ; and the gamesters ,
by re.<sorting to the country taverns, frequently brought their
hosts into the clutches of the law, as its prohibition was
levelled at the place do less than the person. The magis-
trates sought to repress the evil with a steady hand. In 1807
Ferrell Carr was presented before the County Court for this
offence, and was bound over to abstinence. Joshua Grady,
Daniel Farley and Henry Chiles were frequent transgressors.
In 1812 Martin Thacker was held under bonds in the Circuit
Court "to abstain from the infamous practice of gambling.'*
In fact a large portion of the cases coming before Judge
Stuart during his early occupancy of the bench, were tres-
passes of this kind; and no doubt the rigid sternness with
which he pursued the delinquents, greatly diminished their
number, and the frequency of their misdeeds.

The Courts were also firmly resolute in keeping in check
the impetuous spirits, that became unduly heated in the con-
flicts of the bar, or the competitions of daily life. Not to
cover great names with reproach, but to show that the most
eminent are men of like passions with the mass of mankind,
records of this nature may be recalled. Dabney Carr,
^'clariim et vencrabile 7iome7i,^' and George Poindexter were
placed under bonds to keep the peace in 1801. So were John
T. Hawkins and Richard Terrell the next year. In 1828
Charles A. Scott was bound over for a breach of the peace
against Isaac A. Coles. In 1833 Thomas W. Gilmer and
William C. Rives were obliged to give security to live peace-
ably with each other, and the sum of one thousand dollars
specified in their bonds indicated the sharpness of their con-
tention. In this case John Gilmer became surety for the
former, Peter Meriwether for the latter, and James Clark for
both. Alexander Rives was held under bonds in 1836 with
Alexander Moseley, and in 1846 with Willis H. Woodlev.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 111

In 1841 John S. Moon and Jesse L. Heiskell were placed
under similar restraint; and so strained were the relations
between the two, that the same year they were presented for
attempting to fight a duel. Many instances happened in the
past history of the county, in which these barbarous en-
counters proceeded as far as design ; but fortunately through
the vigilance of the magistrates, or the opportune interven-
tion of the police, they were suffered to proceed no further.
Among these was the case of the irrepressible lycwis T. Wig-
tall in 1835, while a student of the University, and subse-
quently a member of the United States Senate from Texas.
For contempt of Court in 1850, a fine of fifty dollars was
imposed on Roger A. Pryor, at that time a practitioner of
the Albemarle bar.

At the October term of the Circuit Court in 1818, a pre-
sentment of a different character took place. Andrew Hart
Sr., Alexander Blain, William B. Harris, James Hart, An-
drew Hart Jr., James Robinson Sr., Jesse Hamner and
James Robinson Jr., were summoned to answer to the charge
of the unlawful assembling of slaves, and teaching them at the
Cove Meeting House, on the Sundays of September twenty -
seventh and October fourth. This presentment was based
on the information of Henry T. Harris, Isaac Hays Jr. , Wil-
liam Suddarth and Samuel W. Martin. James Robinson,
Pastor at the Cove, was also presented individually for words
spoken in addressing the negroes. He was reported, on the
information of Isaac Hays, Jr. alone, as having said, "You
have been disappointed in your school, but do not be dis-
heartened. Come and attend to me. I will instruct you,
and I have no doubt that in fifteen or twenty years you will
be as free as your masters." It is impossible now to obtain
an exact knowledge of all the particulars of this case, as all
the parties connected with it have long since passed from the
land of the living, and a recollection of the faintest tinge as
to the mere fact remains in the minds of their descendants.
That there was a technical offence, cannot be gainsaid. Nor
is it unlikely that some local excitement was aroused by the
occurrence, as the language of Mr. Robinson, if he really

112 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Uttered it, was inexcusably indiscreet. It happened too that
James Robinson, the son, abused Elijah Brown, who was a
Grand Juror in the case, for which he was summarily brought
before the Judge and fined one hundred dollars ; though upon
his poverty being proved it was reduced to fifty. But it may
well be conjectured there were considerations of an extenuating
nature, Mr. Robinson was probably in bad health, as he
died within the next two years. He was himself a slave-
holder. In 1834 two negroes belonging to his estate, were
on account of age or disease exempted from taxation. Henry
T. Harris was one of his elders, and William Suddarth per-
haps one of his members, certainly a member of his congre-
gation. No doubt these persons testified simply in obedience
to their summons. But the strongest apology was the nature
of the work in which the accused were engaged. Instruction
from the word of God, even when given against the letter of
the law, was an act which not only no Christian, but no re-
flecting and right-thinking, mind would condemn. Kvery
enlightened conscience would arise to speak in its behalf.
At any rate such observant guardians of the law as Judge
Stuart and John Howe Peyton permitted it quietly to drop.
The case was continued for two or three terms, and then
dismissed.

Near the latter part of 1822 a brutal murder was committed
in the Ragged Mountains, not far from Taylor's Gap. A
man named Hudson Sprouse killed Susan Sprouse, a woman
nearly related to him by the ties of kindred. He was tried
for the crime at the October term of the Circuit Court, 1823,
and though defended by Rice Wood, Frank Dyer and V. W.
Southall, was convicted of murder in the first degree. In the
examination of persons summoned on the venire, as to
whether they had formed opinions respecting the guilt of the
accused, Abraham Wiant declared that he had formed a sub-
stantial opinion on the subject. Judge Stuart directed his
enrollment as a juror, when he was peremptorily challenged
by the prisoner's counsel. This order of the Judge was made
the ground of an appeal, and the Court of Appeals, holding
that a substantial opinion was tantamount to a decided opin-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 113

ion, granted anew trial. The prisoner being arraigned again
at the October term 1824, it was found impossible to obtain
a jury, the whole community appearing to have adjudged
him guilty. The Judge immediately removed the case to
Rockingham County, where he was tried on the nineteenth of
the same month, and convicted. He was hanged at Harrison-
burg on the tenth of the ensuing December, utterly hardened
to his fate, and repelling every approach on the part of others,
except towards a Mr. Best, who had made kind and ear-
nest efforts to prepare him for his end. It ought not to be
quebtioned that the Court above acted, as they were obliged
to act, according to the rules of law; but it can be as little
questioned, that these are the proceedings that occasion the
enforcement of Lynch law. It is difficult to see how, if the
Legislature should make final a certificate of the Judge, that
the accused had a fair, impartial trial, and was convicted on
sufficient testimony, it would militate against the most scru-
pulous dictates of justice, or in any way abridge the rights
and safety of mankind.

Another shock was given the community in 1833 by a
murder perpetrated on the person of Peter U. Ware. He was
a tinner by trade, and had his shop on Fifth Street below the
old Advocate office. He was a quiet, inoffensive man, and
had only a year or two before been married to Elizabeth
Ma^'o. In compliance with some call of convenience or busi-
ness, he had gone to the Buck Island neighborhood, where
he was assailed by two negroes, and killed, as was supposed,
for the purpose of robbery. Circumstances of a suspicious
kind led to the arrest of Peter, a servant of Isaiah Stout, and
Leander, who belonged to EbV^abeth Dean, and they were
speedily brought to trial. Egbert R. Watson, who had been
recently admitted to the bar, was assigned as their counsel,
and put forth his maiden advocacy in their defence. They
were however condemned, and in the following October exe-
cuted on the hill above Schenk's Branch opposite Mudwall.
which at that time had become the Gallows Hill of the town.

The most unhappy event in the history of the University
occurred in November 1840. Some of the students had foi a
—8

114 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

time been participating in scenes of disorder, contrary to the
regulations of the institution. In attempting to quell the
disturbance one night, Prof. John A. G. Davis laid hold of a
young man who was present, and who when seized turned
upon the Professor and shot him. The wound proved fatal.
Joseph G. vSemmes, a student from Georgia, was arrested for
the deed, and after arraignment before the examining Court
was sent on for trial. At the succeeding May term of the
Circuit Court, the case for some reason was continued.
Kfforts were then made to procure the liberation of the pris-
oner on bail. Judge Lucas Thompson, who was then on the
bench, positively refused to accede to the motion. Applica-
tion was thereupon made to the General Court, and on
receiving the testimony of Drs. Carter, Massie and James
L. Jones as to the prisoner's ill health, bail was allowed in
the sum of twenty five thousand dollars. Reuben Grigsby
and B. F. Porter, of Rockbridge, and William Porter, of
Orange, became sureties for his appearance in that amount.
When the time for trial arrived, the prisoner failed to appear,
and the bail was forfeited. The report was believed, that
Sirmmes fled to Texas, and a few years after died.

An event happened in 18+6, which was the occasion of
much regret both in the community and at the University.
A menagerie was holding its exhibition on the open space
between the lot of Mrs. John Kelly and the Cemetery. One
of its features consisted in a showman riding in a car drawn
by a lion. The route to be traversed extended through two
or three of the cages, the ends of which were opened and con-
nected together. A rope was stretched a short distance in
front to keep the spectators back, and an address given,
exhorting them to the observance of quietness and silence
during the performance. Just as it began, a student named
John A. Glover, from Alabama, who was leaning against the
rope, threw a lighted cigar at the animal between the bars of
the cage. The performer, enraged by the reckless act, leaped
from the cage, and seizing a tent pin struck Glover on the
bead, an. I felled him to the ground. Glover was taken up
unconscious, and liorne to the Parish House, where a day or

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 115

two after he died. His remains were interred in the Univer-
sity Cemetery, where a monument, erected by his fellow
students, still commemorates his untimely end. The man
who gave the blow, during the confusion that ensued, made
his escape. George Nutter, a proprietor of the show, was
arrested for murder, and sent on by the examining magis-
trates. He was tried at the May term of the Circuit Court,
and defended by Judges Watson and Rives; but the evi-
dence produced failing to connect him with the fact, he was
acquitted.

In March 1853 John S. Mosby, whose family at the time
were residents of the county, shot George W. Turpin, the
son of a tavern keeper in Charlottesville, in the course of an
altercation; but his adversary, though severely injured,
fortunately recovered. For the offence Mosby was prose-
cuted. At that period Judge W. J. Robertson was Attorney
for the Commonwealth, and Watson and Rives defended the
accused. Mosby was convicted and sentenced to pay a fine
of five hundred dollars, and to suffer imprisonment in the
county jail for twelve months. During the term of his con-
finement his counsel loaned him the necessary books, and he
improved his enforced leisure by devoting himself to the
study of law. Two years later he was admitted a member of
the Albemarle bar. Shortly after he removed to Abingdon,
where he was practising his profession when the civil war
broke out, in which he was destined to achieve such brilliant
renown.

The old Ivouisa Railroad, afterwards the Virginia Central,
and now the Chesapeake and Ohio, was extended to Char-
lottesville in 1848. The line was continued westward and
reached Staunton in 1854. For some years while the tunnel
through the Blue Ridge was in progress, trains were moved
over the summit of the mountain on tracks laid in a zigzag
manner, one of the most remarkable feats of civil engineer-
ing ever accomplished. It was performed by Colonel Claude
Crozet, formerly a professor in the Military Academy at
West Point, and the distinguished engineer of the road.
During the process of construction west of Mechum's River,

116 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

the Colonel was presented by the Grand Jury for obstructing
the Mountain Plains Road ; but no doubt because the incon-
venience was temporary, and the benefit immeasurable and
permanent, it was judged best not to push the matter to
extremity.

The Orange and Alexandria Railroad, then the Washing-
ton City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern, later the
Richmond and Danville, and now the Southern, was opened
between Charlottesville and lyynchburg during the war, in
1863. The link between Charlottesville and Orange C. H.
became a line of travel in 1881. Before that time its trains
were run over the Chesapeake and Ohio track between Gor-
dousville and Charlottesville. By the intersection of these
roads, Charlottesville is made a prominent railroad centre,
with arms radiating to all the cardinal points of the compass.

For some time previous to the civil war, symptoms of
uneasiness were apparent in the community. A man named
Rood was tried in 1859 on the charge of conspiring against
the Southern people, and endangering the safety and per-
petuity of the Union. He was acquitted. Rumors that the
negroes were plotting to rebel were circulated in various sec-
tions of the county. Chapman, a servant of Mrs. Frances
Estes, was apprehended, but no serious charge against him
was substantiated. Patrolling parties were sent out more
frequently, and were more vigilant in observing the state of
things in every neighborhood. A person so sedate as Miss
Rebecca Leitch was fined and bound over, for permitting her
servant John to hire himself out according to his own pleas-
ure. Owing to vague anticipations of evil, free negroes in
some instances voluntarily subjected themselves to slavery,
and made choice of masters. In this manner John Martin
placed himself under the sheltering wing of J. K. Huckstep,
Sachcl Grayson of John Wood Jr., and Anderson Hutton of
B. F. Abell. But notwithstanding all these disquieting
tokens, a benignant Providence maintained peace between
the i)cople and their servants. In Albemarle, as generally
throughout the South, the kindly relations between the races
were manifested by the absence of any insubordination dur-
ing all the trying circumstances that arose.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 117

Because of the demoralizing influences of the war, much
more trouble was experienced from a certain class of white
people. Numbers deserted from the army, and to evade the
officers seeking their arrest, took refuge in the hollows and
secluded places of the Blue Ridge. Sallying forth from time
to time from their secret haunts for purposes of plunder, they
became a terror to the neighboring districts. It is said that
more than once the people were constrained to form them-
selves into vigilance committees, to pursue these marauders
into the mountains, and to make them the objects of their
quiet but determined vengeance. During the last years in
which hostilities continued, and those immediately succeed-
ing, the courts were busy with prosecuting transgressors of
this description. Indictments for larceny, assaults, obtaining
property on false pretences and horse-stealing, were frequent,
and indicated the vicious and depraved spirit which was
rife.

As soon as the tocsin of war sounded, steps were at once
taken to raise money and arm men for the conflict. At a
special meeting of the County Court, it was proposed to
authorize a levy of fifty thousand dollars for the purchase
of arms. The Nineteenth Virginia was mainly formed of
men enlisted within the bounds of the county. A large por-
tion of the Second Virginia Cavalry consisted of Albemarle
men. Many were scattered in other divisions of the army,
especially the Forty-Sixth Virginia, of which R. T. W. Duke
became Colonel. The older men were disposed into com-
panies of Home Guards. The county authorities displayed
their zeal in such important measures as procuring supplies
of salt, and preventing the spread of smallpox and other
contagious diseases. They answered the call of the general
government in sending the servants of the county to perform
work on the defences of Richmond. Three drafts for this
purpose were made in 1862 and 1863, the first for five hun-
dred and forty laborers, the second for two hundred, and the
third for one hundred and ninety. In connection with the
last draft, W. T. Karly drew on himself the animadversion
of the Court. He refused to comply with the order. He

lis HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

was consequently fined ten dollars for contempt, and one
hundred and eighty for failing to furnish a servant according
to the allotment made, for sixty days at three dollars a day.
Both fines were immediately paid in open court; and those
who remember the Captain, can readily imagine the odd
mixture of scorn and good humor with which the sentence
must have been discharged.

Early in the war Charlottesville was designated as the seat
of a large military Hospital. Two spacious frame buildings
were erected just south of the present Junction, and furnished
with cots and other appliances for ministering to the sick and
wounded. Great numbers of these afflicted classes were con-
veyed thither for treatment throughout the war. The medi-
cal professors of the University devoted their time and skill
to this benevolent work, and the ladies of the town and
surrounding country exhibited a laudable interest in provid-
ing supplies of necessaries and delicacies, and many of them
in exercising the soothing and efficient care of the nurse.

As an illustration of the manner in which the South suf-
fered loss from their deranged currency, some of the public
payments may be mentioned. In early times the ordinary
daily allowance made to the county jailor for maintaining a
prisoner in his custody, was twenty cents. As the war pro-
gressed, it rose to eighty cents, then to a dollar, in June
1863 to a dollar and a quarter, in December 1863 to two and
a half, in May 1864 to three and a half, and in August 1864
to four dollars. The ordinary amount for which the Sheriff
gave his bond for the faithful performance of his dutj'- was
sixty thousand dollars. During the war the amount required
rose to two hundred and twelve thousand, and in September
1864, L,. S. Macon was directed to increase his bond to five
hundred thousand.

At the close of the war no courts were held from May till
August 1865. Th2 county was then under military govern-
ment. The State of Virginia had been transformed into Mil-
itary District No. One, and General John M, Schofield was the
first military ruler. An officer of the United States army
was stationed in Charlottesville, with the style of Military

HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E 119

Commissioner of Albemarle County, and through him the
orders of the commander at Richmond were carried out. For
the most pai't these military rulers were fair and broad-minded
men. Captain William lyinn Tidball first occupied this
office in Albemarle. He was ordered to Mississippi in July
1867, and was suceeded by I^ieutenant A. F. Higgs, Sixteenth
United States Infantry. I^ieutenant Higgs was subsequently
ordered to Georgia, and was followed by lyieutenant Town.
The people generally acknowledged that they had reason to
congratulate themselves, that posts justly esteemed odious
and repulsive, were filled by men who evidently tried to dis-
charge their duties in the least odious and repulsive way.

By the force and sharp practice of Federal authority,
Francis Pierpoint, of Marion County, was at the time Gov-
ernor of the State, though his tenure of the office was merely
nominal. All real government proceeded from Head-
quarters. An order from this source permitted an election
to.be held for county officers under William W. Gilmer as
Commissioner of Flections, and in August 1865 he swore in
the magistrates chosen, mainly those who had occupied the
office before. Egbert R. Watson was appointed Judge of the
Circuit Court, but because of his connection as counsel with
numerous cases on the docket. Judge Sheffey, of Staunton,
frequently sat on the bench in the way of exchange.

Affairs moved on with tolerable smoothness until the early
part of 1869. In the meantime the Underwood Convention
was held in Richmond, in the Hall of the House of Delegates,
sitting from December 1867 till April 1868. The representa-
tive in this body for the District composed of lyouisa, Albe-
marle and Augusta, was James C. Southall, and those for
the county of Albemarle, James T. S. Taylor, colored, and
Clifton I,. Thompson. This Convention was largely made
up of members holding the most extreme radical views.
More than twenty were ignorant negroes. The constitution
they formed not only disfranchised all who had ever served
in any civil or military capacity, even down to the most un-
important county position, but it prescribed the iron clad
test oath to be taken by every one before he could enter upon

120 HISTORY OF ALBHMARLE

any office. This was virtually turning over the whole State
government in all its ramifications to negroes, or to unscrup-
ulous white men, who thronged into the State in great num-
bers from every section of the country, to profit by this
wholesale disqualification of the native population. By the
direction of the Convention, a vote was to be taken on the
adoption of the Constitution in the ensuing July, at which
time State officers and members of the Legislature were also
to be elected.

Both parties immediately bestirred themselves. A Radical
Convention assembled in Richmond on May sixth, and nomi-
nated Henry H. Wells, for Governor, James H. Clements, of
Portsmouth, for Lieutenant Governor, and George W. Booker,
of Henry County, for Attorney General. A Conservative Con-
vention met at the same place the next day, and nominated
Robert E. Withers for Governor, James A.Walker, for Lieuten-
ant Governor, and John L. Marye, for Attorney General. Dur-
ing the same month the Radicals made nominations for the
county. C. L. Thompson was to be State Senator, and J. T.
S. Taylor, Franklin Nelson — both negroes — and John B.
Spiece were to be members of the House of Delegates. The
Conservatives proceeded so far as to nominate Dr. Robert S.
Beazley , of Greene, who had been a member of the Convention ,
for the State Senate. Their greatest efforts however were put
forth to have the Constitution voted down. Fortunately the
higher authorities intervened. General Schofield, who had
paid a formal visit to the Convention, and strongly advised
against their policy of disfranchisement, ordered the election
for July both as to the Constitution and State officers, to be
indefinitely postponed. This afforded opportunity for the
initiation of other measures. General Grant was elected presi-
dent in November 1868. On the last day of that year, at the
sugKcstion chiefly of Alexander H. H. Stuart and John B.
Baldwin, of Staunton, a Convention assembled in Richmond
to devise some i)lan of obviating the difficulties of the situ-
ation. As a result of their deliberations, a Committee of
nine i)ersons was selected to confer with the authorities in
Washington. This Committee consisted of Mr. Stuart, Mr.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 121

Baldwin, John L,. Marye, Wyndham Robertson, William T.
Sutherlin, William L. Owen, James F. Johnson, James Nee-
son and J. F. Slaughter. They were successful in gaining
the ear and good will of General Grant. It was arranged
that the provisions of the Constitution, especially that of
negro suffrage, should stand, but that a few of its clauses,
embracing particularly the sweeping disfranchising section
and the iron clad test oath, should be submitted to a separate
vote.

While matters were thus working for better days, present
troubles seemed to be growing thicker and darker. In July
1868 General Schofield was appointed by President Johnson
Secretary of War, and gave place to General George Stone -
man as Commander of District No. One. Governor Pierpoint's
term had expired, and by an order from Headquarters, H. H.
Wells was appointed Governor of Virginia. January twenty-
third 1869 the crushing blow fell. On that day Congress,
maddened by the idea that any of the people of Virginia
should presume to oppose the radical Constitution, passed an
act that swept out of office all incumbents, who could not take
the iron clad oath, and allowed none to be appointed but those
who could. Accordingly on March twenty-sixth came an
order from Richmond, ejecting the Clerk, Commonwealth's
Attorney, Commissioners of the Revenue, and all the magis-
trates. As the term of L,. S. Macon as Sheriff had ended, a
new Sheriff, J. C. Childress had already been appointed. By
military authority, W. J. Points was made Clerk, George F.
Jones and Angus A. McDonald Commissioners of the Reve-
nue, the former for Fredericksville parish, the latter for St.
Anne's, William F. Worthington, Commonwealth's Attorney,
and the following persons magistrates, Henry N. Harrison,
William G, Merrick, John Thornley, Thomas Garland, John
W. Porter, William H. Hotopp, Edward S. Johnson, John
W. Williams, Charles Goodyear and Charles A. Goodyear.
About the same time Wells was removed as Governor, and
the entire power of directing affairs, nominal as well as real,
rested in General Stoneman.

How completely at this period the laws were silent, and the

122 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

force of arms had absolute sway, may be seen in the records
of the County Court. Indictments were forwarded to Head-
quarters for the inspection of the General commanding, and
orders were returned from the General commanding, directing
them to be quashed. In other cases when grand juries found
indictments for such crimes as robbery, and they were brought
to the notice of the Court, one of the justices stated to his
brethren that there was no ground for them, and his mere
word was enough for the Commonwealth's Attorney to ignore,
and the Court to dismiss them.

But the better da5'S were coming. In May of this year,
1869, the third Commander, General Edward Canby, was
sent to occupy Headquarters. By his order the election was
held in July. The new Constitution was adopted, but all the
clauses on which a separate vote was taken were rejected.
Gilbert C. Walker, a New Yorker, was elected Governor,
John F. Lewis, Lieutenant Governor, and James C. Taylor,
Attorney General. The State and county were rescued from
negro control. Things gradually returned into their proper
channels. Henry Shackelford became Judge of the Circuit
Court, and the year following John L,. Cochran, Judge of the
the County Court, the new Constitution dispensing with the
service of the magistrates in this respect, and requiring the
office to be filled by a man learned in the law. Ira Garrett
was appointed to his old office of Clerk, and James S. Barks-
dale was made temporary Sheriff. At that time Virginia,
and the County of Albemarle, were relieved from military
rule, and all functions of government have since been dis-
charged according to the usual provisions of law.

During the era of general confusion consequent upon the war,
a foul murder was committed on the west side of the South
West Mountain, not far from Stony Point. John H. Salmon,
instigated by the desire of becoming sole ownei: of a small
farm which had descended from his father, killed his mother
and brother, the other joint tenants. The evidence was
wholly circumstantial, but such as left no doubt of the guilt
of tlie accused. He was brought to trial in the County Court
in July 1S70, and after a hearing protracted through a large

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 123

portion of the month, was convicted and sentenced to be
hanged in the ensuing November. Meanwhile his counsel
appealed the case to the Circuit Court on some points excepted
to in the trial, with the result that a new trial was awarded.
The prosecution was accordingly continued in the County-
Court the following May. A venire was summoned from
I^ynchburg, a jury was empanelled, and the trial was about
to begin, when the piisoner's counsel moved for his discharge
on the ground that the number of the terms of Court pre-
scribed by the statutes had been suffered to pass since his
indictment without a trial. The jury was discharged, and
argument on the motion heard. It turned out that in the pre-
vailing derangement of affairs, and because of several inter-
ferences of the General commanding at Richmond, the ground
alleged was true. The Court took the matter under advise-
ment, and finally discharged the prisoner. So intense was
the feeling of indignation awakened throughout the com-
munity by his crime, that the man at once fled, and according
to report made his way to Texas,

124 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

CHAPTER VI.

EPISCOPAL.

By the old law of Virginia, the Anglican, or Episcopal,
was recognized as the Church of the State. The territory of
the State was divided into parishes for ecclesiastical govern-
ment, just as it was divided into counties for civil govern-
ment. The officers of the parishes were styled vestrymen,
twelve honest and discreet men for each, originally elected
by the freeholders of the parish, and vacancies afterwards
occurring to be filled by themselves. They had charge of
the erection and preservation of the church buildings, the
choosing of the rectors, and the care of the poor. The two
parishes which Albemarle contained were Fredericksville in
the north, and St. Anne's in the south. The dividing line
between them was the Three Notched Road, entering the
present limits of the county near Boyd's Tavern, and running
to Woods's Gap. Before the formation of the county, the
scattered inhabitants of the southern part, being still in
Goochland and the parish of St. James Northam, were the
objects of Jie spiritual care of Rev. Anthony Gavin. He
was the rector of that parish from about 1736 until his death
in 1749. From the description of him given by Bishop
Meade, and a letter of his quoted by him, he was evidently
a man of devoted industry and zeal. Though his residence
was in the neighborhood of Dover Mills, and the present
bounds of Goochland afford a large field of labor and travel,
yet he made frequent visits to the people living "up in the
mountains." In these remote parts he had seven places of
service, and in his journeys within the space of two years had
forded the North and South Rivers, that is, the Rivanna and
the James, nineteen times.

In St. Anne's parish two churches were built in early-
times, the Church on Ballenger's Creek and the Forge
Church. The former is still standing, and has been altered

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 125

and occupied as a private residence. It is situated near the
creek, between the road from Warren to Howardsville, and
that passing through Porter's Precinct. The Forge Church
stood on the north side of the Hardware River, about a mile
or two below Carter's Bridge. From an act of the Legisla-
ture passed in 1777, directing the Sheriff to summon the
freeholders of the parish to meet "at the new church on
Hardware," to elect a new vestry, it is inferred that it was
built but a short time before. Bishop Meade describes a
service held in it with Bishop Moore, not long after the lat-
ter came to Virginia, which must have been about 1814 ; and
the account he gives of its dismantled condition, and the
open crevices through which wind and rain were wont to
drive, touches the heart with its pathos. At a meeting of
the Convention in Charlottesville in 1822, they adjourned to
meet at the Forge Church on Friday, and at Walker's on
Saturday. The Forge Church was still standing a few years
ago, but reduced to ignoble uses. Converted into a barn,
and filled with the fodder, in some way it caught fire, and
burned to the ground. The glebe of St. Anne's was bought
from William Harris in 1751 by Samuel Jordan and Patrick
Napier, Churchwardens of the parish. It consisted of four
hundred acres, and was located on the south fork of Totier
Creek, where it is crossed by the road from Scottsville to
Howardsville. After the glebes were declared public prop-
erty, it was sold in 1779 by Thomas Napier, George Thomp-
son and John Harris as Commissioners, to Joseph Cabell.
He gave it to his daughter Mrs. Breckinridge, and it was the
residence of her husband till his removal to Kentucky in
17^3. The proceeds of the place, as well as of all the glebes
of the county, were eventually applied to the erection of the
University buildings.

The first rector of St. Anne's was Rev. Robert Rose. His
residence was in what became Amherst County, not far
from New Glasgow, but he occasionally preached in the
churches in Albemarle. He was succeeded by Rev. William
Camp, who in a short time went west, and was killed by the
Indians near Vincennes. He was followed by Rev. John

126 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Ramsay, who in 1759 purchased from Jacob Eades three
hundred acres of land on the south fork of Totier. It is
judged from his will, which is on record, that he died in
1770. He left his whole estate to his wife Barbara, who the
same year sold the land on Totier to Abraham Eades, Jr., and
bought more than four hundred acres on Hardware, adjoin-
ing the lands of the Carters and Hudsons. This land is
described as being near Scratchface Mountain, which it is
impossible now certainly to identify. Mrs. Ramsay subse-
quently sold to John Wilkinson for the Iron Company, was
married to Thomas Richards, and removed to Bedford
County. Rev. Charles Clay, a cousin of Henry Clay, was
the next incumbent. He was an earnest minister, preaching
not only in the churches, but also in private houses and at
the Prison Barracks. He unhappily became involved in
lawsuits both with his vestry and with individuals, and this
occasioned his removal about 1784. He finally settled in
Bedford County, where he died, and by the directions of his
will an immense heap of stones, twenty feet in diameter and
twelve feet high, was piled up upon his grave. Rev. Isaac
Darneille succeeded Mr. Clay. He seems to have lived in
Nelson. Incurring heavy debts, he became a lawyer, and
6nally escaping his liabilities as well as forsaking his family,
he went South.

Fredericksville parish at first occupied lyouisa County;
but when in 1761 the western portion of Louisa was annexed
to Albemarle, the parish was divided by the county lines, the
part remaining in Louisa receiving the name of Trinity.
Two churches were erected in this parish, one on either side
of the South West Mountain. That on the east side was
first called Belvoir Church, then in common speech Walker's,
but is now known as Grace. When it was first built does
not appear. It already existed in 1769, as in that year John
Walker conveyed to Thomas Walker, Mosias Jones, Isaac
Davis, William Barksdale, Thomas Carr, Nicholas Lewis,
Nicholas Meriwether, John Rodes, Mordecai Hord, Thomas
Jefferson and William Sirams, Church Wardens and Vestry-
men of Fredericksville j)arish, two acres "whereon the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 127

Belvoir Church is situated." The church on the west side of
the mountain was the Buck Mountain Church. It originally
stood on the Buck Mountain Road, west of Earlysville.
The date of its construction is unknown. Bishop Meade
mentions that in 1745 it was determined to build three
churches in the parish, the third to be erected on the Buck
Mountain Road between the mountains. Its first mention
in the records occurs in 1797, when Lucy Mills, Executrix of
David Mills, conveyed to David Michie thirty- three acres,
"whereon the Buck Mountain Church was built." The
edifice, having fallen into disuse, was occupied by the
Baptists in 1801. They held services in it till 1833, when
the Episcopalians, being increased in numbers, asserted their
right, and resumed possession. In subsequent years the
church was rebuilt in Earlysville.

Rev. James Maury became the rector of Fredericksville
parish in 1754, and continued until his death in 1768. He
was succeeded by his son Rev. Matthew Maury, who
served until his death in 1808. Neither of these ministers oc-
cupied the glebe, choosing rather to reside on their own farms.
This glebe on the side east of the mourtain, consisting of four
hundred acres, was sold in 1809 to Nathaniel Ragland by
Edward Garland, Stephen Moore and others, who at the time
were acting as Overseers of the Poor. There was also a
glebe on the west side of the mountain, which was situated
between the Burnt Mills and Earlysville, and which was
sold in 1780 by TliomAS Johnson and William Simms,
Church Wardens, to Epaphroditus Rhodes.

For many years after the death of Rev. Matthew Maury,
there was no Episcopal preaching in the county except occa-
sionally by ministers, who in passing held services in the
courthouse in Charlottesville. In 1818 Rev. John P. Baus-
man was settled in the neighborhood for a short time. He
was followed by Rev. Frederick W. Hatch in 1820, who
lived in Charlottesville till 1830. He was an active and ear-
nest minister, and a zealous mason. During his incumbency
the Episcopal Church in town was built. The memory of
the older inhabitants difiers in regard to the manner of its

128 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

erection, some affirming that it was built solely as an Epis-
copal Church, and others as a Union Church. The truth
seems to be that the affair began as a union effort, but that
the house was at last erected as an Episcopal place of worship.
Bishop Meade states, that while the project of a union church
was agitated, it was opposed by Mr. Hatch. An advertise-
ment appeared in the Central Gazette on January twenty -
third, 1824, proposing to purchase a lot for the building of a
church, and it was discontinued on April sixteenth. On
March nineteenth another appeared, inquiring for a lot for
an Episcopal Church. Doubtless the change of plan took
place in the interval between January and March. The
building was commenced that year. As already stated, a
letter dated in March of the ensuing year mentions that the
town contained "a half finished church." After the removal
of Mr. Hatch, and a short period of service by Rev. Zach-
ariah Mead, Rev. Richard K, Meade, son of the Bishop,
became rector, and the termination of his long pastorate is a
somewhat recent event.

Mr. Hatch, in addition to his busy ministerial labors,
preaching frequently at Buck Mountain and Walker's as well
as in town, was a school teacher. He erected as his residence
the brick house on the northeast corner of Market and Sev-
enth Streets, and taught in the one story brick near the east
end of Main, now occupied by William Durrett. A ludicrous
incident is told of him in connection with his celebrating the
rites of matrimony. In performing this useful work, he often
rode miles in the country in every direction. On one occasion
he was called to unite a couple in the Ragged Mountains.
When the ceremony was finished, the groom announced with
some confusion that he was unable to remunerate him for his
trouble. Mr. Hatch, observing a long string of gourds fes-
tooned on the wall of the room, proposed accepting a number
of them. The young man was overjoyed at discharging his
obligation so easily. He cut off a goodly array, and to relieve
the parson from the inconvenience of carrying them, tied
them around his horse's neck. Thus accoutred, he started
on his return. As he approached the top of Vinegar Hill,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 129

the horse took fright at something by the wayside, and set
off at full speed. The clash and rattle of the gourds increased
his panic, and made him dart ahead at a still wilder rate.
Down the hill he dashed, with his rider thrown forwards, and
clinging around his neck with both hands, the gourds all the
while keeping up their discordant clatter. The mad race
continued through the whole length of the street, before the
gaze of the astonished townsmen ; nor was the rider released
from his perilous position, until the panting steed drew up
at the stable door. While Mr. Hatch was a resident of
Charlottesville, a son was born to him, who received his
own name, became a distinguished physician, and died a few
years ago in Sacramento, California.

Besides the meeting of the Convention in 1822, it met
again in Charlottesville in 1829, and during its sessions Rev.
William Meade was elected Bishop of the Diocese of Virginia.

PRESBYTERIAN.

Presbyterians were settled in the county while it was yet a
part of Goochland. The colony of Scotch Irish who came
over the Blue Ridge in 1734 under the auspices of Michael
Woods, brought with them the faith of their fathers. Among
these were the families of Wallace, Kinkead, Stockton,
McCord and Jameson. Further to the south along the base
of the Ridge were the Morrisons, McCues, Montgomerys,
Reids and Robertsons. These last were the founders of
Rockfish Church, located in the forks of Rockfish River.
About 1746 James McCann, who had patented the land in
1745, conveyed to John Reid, James Robertson and Samuel
Bell one acre and thirty-five poles, tor the Rockfish Church,
and for a school for the inhabitants of that vicinity.

Among the families first mentioned two churches were
established. The first was Mountain Plains, which was
built near the confluence of Lickinghole Creek and Mechum's
River, and called after Michael Woods's plantation, and
which still exists as a Baptist Church. The second was the
D. S. Church, which was situated on the southwest face of
—9

130 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

the hill, on the summit of which S. W. Caulbeck recently
resided. These communities, and others in Virginia and
North Carolina, received the visits of several Presbyterian
ministers in early times, beginning with that of Rev. James
Anderson in 1738. In 1745 John Woods was sent to the
Presbytery of Donegal in Pennsylvania, to prosecute a call
for the services of Rev. John Hindman in the churches of
Mountain Plains and Rockfish, but his errand seems to have
been unsuccessful. Mr. Hindman was no doubt the same
man who became an Episcopalian, and was the first rector of
Augusta parish, dying there a year or two after entering
upon the office. A call is still extant, dated March 1747, and
signed by fifty-seven persons, which solicited the labors of
Rev. Samuel Black in the church of Mountain Plains, and
among the inhabitants of Ivy Creek. The place of worship
for the people last mentioned was the D. S. Church, which
was probably erected shortly after, as Mr. Black accepted the
call. He was the first Presbyterian preacher who settled in
the county. In 1751 he purchased from Richard Stockton
four hundred acres on both sides of Stockton's Creek, and
there he resided until his death in 1770. Descendants bear-
ing his name still live on a part of the old place.

About the time of Mr. Black's settlement in Albemarle,
Rev. Samuel Davies commenced his work in Hanover County.
He had at first no little trouble with the State authorities,
whose intervention was invoked by some bigoted ministers
of the establishment under the old repressive laws against
non-conformity. He however boldly and skilfully appealed
to the provisions of the English Act of Toleration, which he
claimed applied to the colonies no less than to the mother
country, and was soon able to pursue his labors without
molestation. He gathered several congregations, reaching
from Hanover through L,ouisa and Goochland to Charlotte
County. In 1755 the Presbytery of Hanover was formed.
At their first meeting, they received a petition from the peo-
ple of Albemarle near Woods's Gap, asking for preaching,
and Mr. Davies himself being appointed spent with them the
second Sunday of March 1756. From that time through a

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 131

number of years, they had, besides the services of Mr. Black,
those of Mr. Davies, John Todd, John Brown, John Martin,
Henry Patillo and others. These ministers occasionally
preached to the people on Buck Island at Mr. Lewis's — un-
questionably at Monteagle — to those living between the
Secretary's Ford and the mountains — no doubt in the Char-
lottesville courthouse, and at D. S. Church — to those at
North Garden at Mr. Garland's, and to those at the Cove at
George Douglas's.

As years passed on, ministers born and educated in Vir-
ginia were settled in the county. In 1769 Rev. William
Irvin, who had been a pupil at Mr. Todd's school in Louisa,
became pastor of the Cove Church. In 1770 Rev. Samuel
Leake accepted a call to the D. S. Church. The next year
Mr. Irvin extended his labors to Rockfish and Mountain
Plains.

The Presbytery of Hanover convened with considerable
frequency in the churches of the county. It met at Rockfish
in 1772, 1773 and 1775, at the Cove in 1793, 1794, 1799, 1800,
and 1803, and at the D. S. in 1771, 1772, 1775 and 1792.
The last time it met at D. S. was in October 1809, holding
night sessions at the house of John R. Kerr. At that meet-
ing Rev. Thomas Lumpkin, a young minister, who had taught
school for a short time in the neighborhood, was to have
been ordained, and installed as pastor, but unhappily he had
died the preceding month. The membership of this church
was so much reduced by deaths and removals, that two years
later its organization was dissolved. The ground on which
it stood, and which had been conveyed to the congregation
in 1773 by Joel Terrell, passed into the hands of Jesse
Lewis, who within the memory of some now living re-
moved the old building. Two meetings of the Presbytery
were held in Walker's Church. The first occurred in 1814,
when they convened at night at the house of Captain Meri-
wether. At that time it received under its care John Robert-
son, the father of Judge W. J. Robertson, as a candidate for
the ministry. The second meeting took place iii 1819, and
night sessions were held at the house of John Rogers. It

132 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

met at Mountain Plains in 1778, and for the last time in
October 1828, when they held night sessions at the house of
the elder William Woods, of Beaver Creek.

South Plains Church was established in 1820, as the result
of the labors of Rev. William Armstrong, and Rev. James
C. Wilson. John Kelly, of Charlottesville, was one of its
first elders. A branch of the same church worshipped on the
west side of the South W^est Mountain at Bethel. It was
not until 1870, that Bethel was set apart as a separate organ-
ization. Rev. Francis Bowman began preaching at South
Plains in 182 £, preaching occasionally also at the court-
house. Under his ministry the first Presbyterian house of
worship in Charlottesville was built in 1827. In that year
the lot on which it stood, on the southeast corner of Market
and Second Streets, was conveyed by James Dinsmore to
John Kelly, James O. Carr, Francis Bowman, Thornton
Rogers, William Woods, Surveyor, Thomas Meriwether and
Dr. John Holt Rice, as trustees of the new congregation. It
was not constituted a distinct organization until 1839, when
it was under the ministry of Dr. William S. White.

The Presbyterian Church of Scottsville was founded in
1827, chiefly through the agency of Rev. Peyton Harrison.
He had settled there as a young lawyer in 182 5. Having
been converted by the preaching of Rev. Asahel Nettleton,
he became actively interested in religious work, and rested
not till a church was formed. Shortly after he relinquished
the law, and studied for the ministry. When he became a
preacher, he returned to Scottsville, and was settled as pastor
over the church for a brief period. Dr. William S. White
succeeded him, and continued his labors there until he re-
moved to Charlottesville.

BAPTIST.

The first Baptist Church in the county was organized in
January 1773. This event took place in Lewis's Meeting
House, which stood on old David Lewis's place, on the ele-
vated ground south ol the Staunton Road, about where the
house of Mrs. Huinherl now stands. The church commenced

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 133

with a membership of forty-eight persons. George Twy-
man, who lived just south of Earlysville, was one of its origi-
nal members, and at a meeting held two months later presided
as Moderator. The influence of the Presbyterian polity,
under which doubtless many of the members had grown
up, was apparent in their earliest proceedings. The original
organization was effected by two ministers and an elder, and
at a subequent meeting it was determined that "the feeling
of the church concerning elders and deacons should be made
known." It was several years without a pastor, but was
occasionally supplied by such ministers as John Waller,
and Elijah and Lewis Craig. This church was variously
called by the names of Albemarle, Buck Mountain and Ches-
nut Grove. In 1801 they took possession of the old Buck
Mountain Church of the Establishment, which had been
disused by the Episicopalians. When that place of worship
was claimed by its former owners, they removed to the union
church in Earlysville in 1833, and in 1879 erected their pres-
ent building about a mile west of that place.

Andrew Tribble was chosen their pastor in 1777, and was
ordained by Lewis Craig and others. How long Mr. Tribble
continued in that relation is not known. He purchased a
farm of one hundred and seventy -five acres a short distance
below the D. S. Tavern, which he sold in 1785, and it is
likely he performed his pastoral duties until that time. Wil-
liam Woods, distinguished as Baptist Billy, was ordained at
Lewis's Meeting House by Messrs. Tribble and Benjamin
Burgher in 1780, and became the pastor when the work of
Mr. Tribble ceased. In 1798 Mr. Woods became a candidate
for the Legislature; and as the law of Virginia at that time
prohibited a minister from holding a civil office, he relin-
quished his ministerial calling at Garrison's Meeting House
in November of that year.

When the church was first formed, it was in the bounds of
Dover Association, which then embraced the whole State.
In 1791 the Albemarle Association was constituted, including
the territory south of the Rapidan, and west of a line run-
ning from Barnett's Ford on the Rappahannock to the mouth

134 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

of Byrd Creek on the James. Up to this time eight other
churches had been founded, four of which lay within the
present limits of the county, Totier in 1775, Ballenger's
Creek probably about the same time, Priddy's Creek in 1784,
and Whitesides, now Mount Ed, in 1788. Martin Dawson
became a minister soon after 1774, and preached for many
years at Totier, which was situated near Porter's Precinct,
and was then commonly known as Dawson's Meeting House.
His labors however extended largely over the whole county.
Benjamin Burgher, who lived on the headwaters of Mechum's
River, was for a long period the pastor of Mount Kd. In
1822 he, Benjamin Ficklin and John Goss had advertised to
begin a protracted meeting on a certain day at Mountain
Plains, but on the very day of the appointment Mr. Burgher
rested from his earthly labors. John Goss came to the county
from Madison in 1802.

In 1820 Daniel Davis, Jr., a Baptist minister, preached
occasionally in Charlottesville, sometimes in the courthouse,
and sometimes in a large room of John Burrus. An organi-
zation seems to have existed in town at that date, as Mr.
Davis advertised that he would baptize those who had made
a declaration of their faith to the church. Yet it appears
that the formal establishment of the Charlottesville Church
did not take place till August 1831. On that occasion four
ministers were present, John Goss, Valentine Mason, Reuben
L. Coleman and Charles Wingfield. Dr. Hardin Massie was
appointed its Clerk. In October 1835, Dr. Massie conveyed
to Nimrod Bramham, William Dunkum, Isaac White and
Lewis Teel as trustees, a part of Lot No. Five, on which, it
was stated in the deed, the Baptist Church "stands." In
1853 the Circuit Court granted permission to sell the old
church property, and appointed as trustees for the new church,
William P. Parish, Lewis Sowell, James Lobban, John T.
Randolph, John Simpson, James Alexander and B. C. Flan-
nagan.

METHODIST.

The first mention of a Methodist Church in the county
occurred in 1788 in a deed from James Harris to Thomas

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 135

Jarman, whereby seventy-five acres on the north side of
Moorman's River were conveyed, surrounding two acres
before given, on which "the Methodist Kpiscopal Church
stands." This was beyond question the predecessor of
Mount Moriah at Whitehall. The lot on which the latter
was built, three and three-fourths acres, was conveyed in
1834 by Daniel and Hannah Maupin to Jesse P. Key, Wil-
liam Rodes, Thompson and Horace Brown and David Wiant.
Many years anterior to the date just mentioned this church
was commonly known as Maupin's Meeting House, and was
a favorite place for holding camp meetings. Henry Fry, a
former deputy Clerk of the county, speaks in his autobiog-
raphy of Bishop Asbury preaching at an early day at Tandy
Key's, who lived north of the Cove, at the junction of the
Austin Gap and I^ynchburg Roads ; and in that vicinity,
probably on Key's land, was located a building, which went
by the name of Key's Meeting House, but of which no trace
now remains. In 1795 Henry Austin conveyed a parcel of
land to Thomas Stribling, Samuel Wills, Joseph Hardesty,
Bernis Brown, Daniel Maupin, John Gibson, George Bing-
ham, William Oliver and Basil Guess, of Orange, for a
church, which was then called Austin's Meeting House, and
is no doubt the same as that now known as Bingham's
Church. In 1808 Bland Ballard donated one- fourth of an
acre for a Methodist Church, which was the old Ivy Creek
Church on the Barracks Road.

The first Methodist preacher on record was Athanasius
Thomas, who was licensed to celebrate the rites of matrimony
in 1793. This gentleman was the purchaser of several small
tracts of land in the vicinity of Mountain Plains Church,
where in all probability he made his home. In 1811 he dis-
posed of this property, and presumably removed to another
part of the country. Following him were Bernis Brown in
1794, John Gibson in 1797, John Goodman in 1802, and
Jacob Watts in 1806. About the beginning of the century,
there came to the county from Maryland two men, who
although laymen filled the place of local preachers, John B,
Magruder and George Jones. For many years they did a

136 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

good work, and exercised a strong influence in behalf of their
own church, and of true religion. In November 1823 a Dis-
trict Conference met in Charlottesville, of which James Boyd
was President, and Walker Timberlake, Secretary.

The Charlottesville Church was established in 1834. In
June of that year William Hammett purchased from Mary
Wales, and other representatives of Thomas Bell, Lot No.
Fifty-Five, and in the ensuing October conveyed it to Gess-
ner Harrison, Nathan C. Goodman, Stapleton Sneed, Mat-
thew and Thomas F. Wingfield, Ebenezer Watts and Thomas
Pace as trustees, for a Methodist Church.

During the twelve years from 1825 to 1837 there was a
great accession of church buildings in the county. In the
first of these j^ears were built the Charlottesville Episcopal
Church, and a Methodist Church near Hammock's Gap; in
1827, the Charlottesville Presbyterian Church; in 1828, Mount
Zion Methodist Church, and Mount Pleasant Methodist, near
Hillsboro; in 1830, the Scottsville Presbyterian Church; in
1831, the Buck Island Methodist Church ; in 1832, the Scotts-
ville and Shiloh Methodist Churches ; in 1833, Wesley Chapel,
Earlysville Free Church, and the Charlottesville and Milton
Baptist Churches; in 1834, Bethel Presbyterian, Charlottes-
ville and Mount Moriah Methodist, and Hardware Baptist
Churches; in 1835, Cross Roads Episcopal Church ; in 1836,
Charlottesville Disciples Church; and in 1837, Free Union
Free, and Piney Grove Baptist Churches.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 137

CHAPTER VII.
Account of Families.

ABELL.

The first Abell in the county was Caleb, who came from
Orange near the end of the last century. In l/'98 he pur-
chased what is still known as the old Abell place on Moore's
Creek. It originally consisted of six hundred and ninety-
four acres, comprising three different grants, but all bought
from the executors of Henry MuUins, of Goochland. Caleb
conveyed it to his son, John S. Abell, in 1808. John S. en-
tered the Baptist ministry about 1830, and died in 1859. In
1816 he married Lydia Ralls, and his children were Alexan-
der P., who was a magistrate under the old regime, was first
a merchant in Charlottesville, then Teller in the Monticello
and Charlottesville National Banks, married Ann, daughter
of William McL,eod, and about 1876 removed to Greenville,
S. C. ; George W., who was one of the early ministers of the
Disciples Church; and J. Ralls, whose wife was Susan,
daughter of William Dunkum.

Besides John S., there were Joshua Abell, who married
Caroline, and Richard, who married Emily, daughters of
Benjamin Martin, of North Garden; Caleb, who married
Jane, daughter of William Black; and Benjamin F., whose
wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Grayson.

ALPHIN.

John Alphin began to purchase land in the county in
1778, when he became the owner of two hundred and fifty
acres on Meadow Creek between the Staunton and White-
hall Roads. He continued his purchases till he acquired
more than a thousand acres in one body. He con-
ducted a noted hostelry, situated nearly opposite the resi-
dence of Jesse lycwis, and for many years a favorite resort
for men of the turf. He furnished excellent accommodations,

138 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

a prime cuisine, large stables, and a track for training horses.
His house was a place of wide notoriety at the beginning of
the century.

He married Martha, daughter of Christopher Shepherd, and
hischildren were Julius, Sarah, the wife of William Chapman,
Jane, the wife of David Owen, Nancy, the wife of William
Fagg, Mary, the wife of Blake Harris, and Elizabeth. He
sold to the county in 1806 the land on which the old Poor
House was built. He died in 1818. Most of his family dis-
posed of their interests in his estate, and removed to the West,
some of them to Blount County, Tennessee.

ANDERSON.

David Anderson and his wife Elizabeth, came from Han-
over County, and lived on a plantation in Albemarle, not far
from Scottsville. David died in 1791, and his wife in 1804.
They had eight sons, William, Nathaniel, Thomas, Richard,
David, Matthew, Edmund and Samuel, and three daugh-
ters. Of the daughters, Ann was married to Dabney
Minor, of Hanover, Sarah, to Chrisopher Hudson, and
the third to a Barrett, whose son Anderson Barrett lived
in Richmond, and was an executor of both his grand-
parents. One of the sons, Nathaniel, had his residence
on the old glebe of St. Anne's on Totier, which he bought
from John Breckinridge in 1796. He married Sarah,
daughter of John Carr, of Bear Castle, and sister of Dabney,
Mr. Jefferson's brother-in-law. He died in 1812, and left
four children, William, Nathaniel, Mary, the wife of a
Mosby, and Elizabeth, the wife of a Eawrence. Nathaniel
married Sarah Elizabeth , and his children were Mar-
tha, the wife of Stephen Woodson, Mary, Dabney Minor and
Overton. Edmund, son of David, is thought to be the same
person who married Jane, daughter of William Eewis, and
sister of the celebrated explorer, Meriwether Eewis. He
died in 1809, leaving two sons and four daughters, William.
Dr. Meriwether, who married Eucy Harper, Ann, the wife of
Thomas Fielding Lewis, Jane, the wife of Benjamin Wood,

Lucy, the wife of , Buckner, and Sarah, the wife of

Gabriel Harper.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 139

Richard Anderson, son of David, married Ann Meriwether
sister of Lucy, the wife of William Lewis. He at one time
owned an interest in the land on Ivy Creek on which the
Prison Barracks were built, and which he sold to John Har-
vie about a year before their building took place. His son
David was living at Milton at the beginning of the century,
and represented Brown, Rives & Co., one of the firms
doing business in that town. In 1801 David was appointed a
magistrate of the county, but resigned the next year. Some
time after he removed to Richmond. He married Susan,
daughter of Reuben Moore, of Culpeper, and his children
were Meriwether L., Richard, Catharine, the wife of Jefferson
Trice, of Richmond, and Helen, the wife of a Porter. In
1829 he returned to Albemarle, and married again Mary,
daughter of Thomas W. Lewis, and widow of James Leitch,
and two years later his son Meriwether married Eliza Leitch,
daughter of his step-mother. Their home was at Pantops.
David Anderson died in 1841, and Meriwether in 1872.

It is believed Richard Anderson had two other sons,
Edmund and Jasper. Edmund married first Frances Moore,
sister of his brother David's first wife. Some years later he
married Ann, daughter of William Cole, of North Garden,
and not long after Jasper married her sister, Susan Cole. In
1813 Edmund purchased from Clifton Rodes, executor of John
Jouett, sixty acres of land lying east and north of Charlottes •
ville, and extending from the present Ninth Street east to the
hill overlooking Schenk's Branch, and laid it out in town lots .
This tract was known as Anderson's Addition. He sold
a number of lots, chiefly on East Jefferson and Park Streets,
during the decade of 1820, and in 1831 conveyed to John J.
Winn and Alexander Garret Lot Thirty-Four, the present
Maplewood Cemetery. In the meantime he removed to Rich-
mond, and entered into business under the firms of Anderson
& Woodson, and of Anderson, Woodson &Biggers; but
the business failing, he transferred all his property in Albe-
marle to John R. Jones as trustee, who in 1829 sold it for
the payment of his debts. A son, Charles Anderson, was a
Druggist in Richmond, and a few years ago removed to
Roanoke, where he died.

140 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

BALLARD.

Ballard was one of the first names of the county in the
order of time. As early as 1738, Thomas Ballard obtained
a patent for three hundred and twenty acres near the foot of
Piney Mountain. His descendants became numerous, all
having: large families, and occupying- farms in the stretch of
country between Piney Mountain and Brown's Cove.
Thomas died in 1781, leaving six sons and three daughters,
Thomas, William, John, David, Bland, Samuel, Ann, the
wife of Gabriel Maupin, Frances, and Susan, the wife of
William Pettit. The second Thomas died in 1804. His
children were John, James, Ann, the wife of a Bruce, Mary,
the wife of a Davis, Lucy, the wife of Joseph Harvey, Eliza-
beth, the wife of Frost Snow, and Martha, the wife of Thomas
Pettit. John married, it is believed, Elizabeth, daughter of
Roger Thompson, and died in 1829, leaving seven sons and
one daughter, Edward, James, David, John, Nicholas, Wil-
liam, Wilson, and Elizabeth, the wife of Pleasant Jarman.
James, brother of John, married Ann, daughter of David
Rodes, and died in 1853. His children were Garland,
Thomas, David, Susan, the wife of Thomas E. Shelton,
Selina, the wife of Thomas Bohannon, Judith, the wife of
Nimrod Day, Frances, the wife of Porter Cleveland, Sophia,
the wife of Hudson Oaks, and Mary, the wife of William
Thompson. William, son of the first Thomas, married a
daughter of William Jarman, and lived below Mechum's
Depot; and his son John P., after occupying a position with
Valentine, Fry & Co. in Charlottesville, removed to Rich-
mond, where he founded the Ballard House, formerly one of
the most popular hotels of that city. Bland married
Frances, daughter of John Shiflett, and died in 1809. His
family consisted of five sons and ten daughters. He donated
the ground on which the old Ivy Creek Methodist Church was
built.

BARCLAY.

Robert Barclay and his wife Sarah lived, in the early part
of the century, on the south side of the road leading from the
Cross Roads to Israel's Gap, at the place where James B.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 141

Sutherland now resides. There Barclay died in 1818, and his
widow was afterwards married to John Harris, of Viewmont.
He left two sons and two daughters, Mary K-, who became
the wife of John D. Moon Sr, , Thomas J., James T, , and Ann
Maria, the wife of Edward H. Moon. Thomas died unmarried
in 1828. About the same time James came to Charlottesville,
and opened a drug store. He lived in the brick house on
the northeast corner of Market and Seventh Streets, which
he bought in 1830 from Rev. F. W. Hatch. This place and
some other property he sold to T. J, Randolph, and the same
year purchased from him Monticello, containing five hundred
and fifty-two acies, then valued at seven thousand dollars,
the transaction being in all probability an exchange. He
resided there till 1836, when he sold it with two hundred and
eighteen acres to Commodore Uriah P. Levy. He then be-
came a Disciples minister, and sailed as a missionary to
Jerusalem, where he remained for many years. As the re
suit of his researches there, he published a large work de-
scriptive of the place, entitled The City of the Great King.
He and his wife Julia had several children, among them a
son, who was appointed bv Mr. Cleveland in his first term
Consul to Algiers, where a kinsman of the same name had
discharged the same functions a hundred years before. The
latter part of Mr. Barclay's life was spent in this country
with a son in Alabama, where he died a few years ago.

BARKSDALE.

William Barksdale is noticed in the records in 1765. He
was for a number of years a buyer of land, chiefly on the
south fork of the Rivanna north of Hydraulic Mills, and on the
upper part of Mechum's River. He and his wife Ann were
the parents of eleven children, Nathan, Goodman, Samuel,

Jonathan, John H., Nelson, , the wife of John Douglass,

Ann. the wife of Alexander Fretwell, Sarah, the wife of Wil-
liam Warwick, of Amherst, Lucy, the wife of Richard Burch,
and Elizabeth. William Barksdale died in 1796, and some
years later his widow was married to Philip Day.

Nathan seems to have died young, leaving two sons,

142 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Achilles and Douglass, to whom their grandfather gave a
tract of laud on Mechum's River above the Depot of that
name. Goodman and Jonathan were settled in the same
neighborhood. Goodman died in 1832. Jonathan married
Lucy, daughter of Giles Rogers, and died in 1831. His
children were Nancy, the wife of George W. Kinsolving,
Lucy, the wife of Richard Rothwell, Ralph, Nathan, who
married his cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Parmenas Rogers,
and whose children were Ralph, Lucy, Mary and George,
and William G., who married Elmira, daughter of John
Wood. Jonathan formerly owned the land on which the
village of Hillsboro stands.

Samuel Barksdale lived between the old Lynchburg Road
and Dudley's Mountain. He was twice married, first to
Mary, daughter of Jeremiah Hamner, and secondly to
Jemima, daughter of Charles Wingfield Sr. His children by
the first marriage were Elizabeth, the wife of William Wat-
son, long the keeper of the county jail, and Mary, the wife of
William Douglass. Those by the second were Rice G.,
whose wife was Elizabeth White, whose children were John
H. Jr., and James S., and who died in 1879, John, who was a
Presbyterian mi nister, one of the first set of students at Union
Theological Seminary, but who died in Charlottesville in
1829, just after entering upon his work, Jane, the wife of
Willis Day, and Sarah, the wife of Richard Fretwell.

John H. Barksdale resided north of Hydraulic Mills. His
children were Hudson, Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Over-^^^
street, and Orlando, who some years ago lost his life on the
Railroad near the Burnt Mills, in the act of saving Edward
Gilbert from being crushed by a passing train. Nelson was
the most active and thrifty of the family. His home was
also north of Hydraulic Mills. For many years he farmed
the Sheriffalty of the county, and was Proctor of the Uni-
versity while it was yet in its humbler guise as Central Col-
lege. He (lied in 1861. He married Jane, daughter of Jesse
Lewis, and his children were Mary Jane, the wife of J. Frank
Fry, Sarah, the wife of John J. Bowcock, Sophia, the wife
of James Fray, John T., Eliza, the wife of Albert TerrelU

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 143

and secondly of Robert Durrett, Caroline, the wife of T. J.
Eddins, and Margaret, the wife of Dr. H. O. Austin,

BIBB.

The Bibbs came to Albemarle from L,ouisa. In 1821 Wil-
liam A. became associated in the mercantile business with
his father-in law, Nimrod Bramham. He was appointed a
magistrate of the county in 1832, When the Branch of the
Farmers' Bank of Virginia was established in Charlottesville,
he was appointed its Cashier, and managed its affairs with
eminent skill until all business was interrupted by the war.
In 1836 he purchased from the trustees the square on which
the old Female Seminary stood, the present site of the Leter-
man mansion, and made it his residence until his death in
1865, He married Sarah Bramham, and his children were
Henry, Angeline, the wife of Edward J. Timberlake, Dr.
William E., Horace, Cornelia, the wife of George W. Thorn-
hill, Emma, the wife of Professor H, H. Harris, James T. ,
Sarah, the wife of Robert Williams, and F. Gillett, the wife
of George Willingham, of South Carolina.

John H, Bibb, a nephew of WilliamA., commenced his
business life as a clerk in the house of Valentine, Fry &
Co. It was not long however before he became a merchant
on his own account, conducting his affairs with success until
the war. He was also the first Cashier of the Charlottesville
Savings Bank. He built the brick house on the west side of
Ridge Street, now in the possession of Dr. George Scribner,
and resided there for some years. His home was afterwards
at Branchland, where Major Bolton now resides, and he
finally purchased the large brick on Jefferson Street, formerly
the dwelling of John R. Jones. He married Harriet, daugh-
ter of French Strother, of Culpeper, and his children were
Helen, the wife of William P. Louthan, A. Pendleton, and
Catharine, the wife of Dr. William Du Bose, United States
Navy. Mr, Bibb died in 1888,

' BISHOP.

A William Bishop was the grantee of a small parcel of
land on the south fork of Hardware in 1756, which his

144 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

descendants sold in 1774 to George Eubank. In 1782 James
Bishop entered four hundred acres on the Blue Ridge in the
Aftou neighborhood, which he and his wife Elizabeth subse-
quently sold to other parties. About the end of the last
century Joseph Bishop began to purchase land in the county,
and continued to purchase from time to time in various
localities, particularly in the Biscuit Run Valley and the
vicinity of D S. In 1803 he bought from John Carr twelve
acres bordering on the west side of Charlottesville, and ex-
tending from the Staunton to the Whitehall Road; with this
tract his name was more intimately connected. He estab-
lished the tanyard at the west end of Main Street. He
erected the first buildings in Random Row, and gave lots on
Vinegar Hill to most of his children. The largest part of
this laud he sold not long before his death to John Neilson,
an Irishman, who was one of the contractors for the Univer-
sity buildings. Joseph Bishop died in 1825. He left nine
children, John T , who married Mary Ann, daughter of James
Jeffries, and removed to Dearborn County, Indiana, Joseph,
James, Ann, the wife of Johnson Pitts, Patience, the wife of
Gustavus Parsons, Mary, the wife of William Young,
Frances, Jonathan A. J , who removed to Missouri, and
Lucy Jane, the wife of Ezra M. Wolfe. Joseph Bishop's
wife was Jane, daughter of Edmund Terrell, and his wife,
Margaret Willis, a grandaughter of Henry Willis, the founder
of Fredericksburg, and his wife, Mildred Washington Greg-
ory, sister of General Washington's father. His son, Joseph,
was an active dealer in Charlottesville real estate. He was
one of the original trustees of the Disciples Church.

BLACK.

Samuel Black was a native of Ireland, and coming to this
country as a student of theology, was licensed to preach by
the Presbytery of New Castle. He was settled as pastor
over two churches in Donegal Presbytery in Pennsylvania.
In 1743 he began to visit Virginia as a missionary, and in
1747 received a call from Mountain Plains Church, and the
people of Ivy Creek, who formed the congregation of D. S.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 145

In 1751 he parchased from Richard Stockton four hundred
acres on Mechum's River, where he made his home until his
death in 1770. For a time he taught school in connection
with his ministerial duties. His wife's name was Catharine
Shaw, and his children were Samuel, James, Margaret, Mary,
Sarah, John and William. James became the owner of six
hundred acres on Stockton's Creek not far from Rockfish Gap,
where he kept a public house, and where in the fall of 1777
he had as a guest General George Rogers Clark. He and
his wife Eleanor sold out in 17 80, and seem to have removed
from the county. John and his wife Elizabeth, in 1789 sold
to Menan Mills one hundred and .thirty acres adjoining the
home place. After this time the only member of the family
whose course can be traced is Samuel, the eldest son.

He became a man of prominence, prospered in his affairs,
was active as a magistrate for some years, and died in 1815.
He and his wife Mary had six sons and three daughters,
Samuel, William, Dorcas, the wife of Charles Patrick, Catha-
rine, Mary, the wife of John Ramsay, James, John, Joel and
Daniel. The second son, William, married Matilda Rowe,
and died in 1809, leaving seven childien, Samuel, who died
unmarried in 1846, Jane, the wife of Caleb Abell, Andrew,
James, Thomas, who died unmarried in 1878, John and Mary.
Andrew died in 1875. His wife was Sarah, daughter of Nicho-
las Merritt, and his children, William, Nicholas, Mary, the
wife of Willis Piper, Elizabeth, the second wife of James H.
Rea, and Cynthia. James married Rosanna, sister of
Andrew's wife, and died in 1876. His children were Samuel,
Nicholas, Elizabeth , the wife of Richard Robinson, and Sarah
Ann, the first wife of James H. Rea.

BOWCOCK.

The first of the Bowcock family in the county was Jason.
The records mention indeed a Samuel Bowcock, but nothing
more is known of him except that he died in 1783. A daugh-
ter of Alexander McKinzie, who from 1742 to 1799 owned
part of the land now possessed by the University, was the
—10

146 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

wife of a Bowcock, and left a daughter who was living at the
beginning of the century. The husband here referred to may
have been Samuel, and he may possibly have been the father
of Jason. The latter lived on the Barboursville Road north
of Stony Point, and died in 1816. He and his wife Judith had
six children, Ann, the wife of Achilles Douglass, Douglass,
Achilles, Tandy, Mildred, the wife of John Douglass, and
John, who succeeded his father on the old place. In Decem-
ber 1822, Achilles Bowcock, while sitting at table at Nathaniel
Burnley's in Stony Point, apparently in perfect health, fell
dead from his chair.

Douglass lived at the junction of the Earlysville and Piney
Mountain Roads, and kept tavern there for some years before
his death in 1825. His wife was Mildred Blackwell, and his
children Catharine, the wife of Dr. John F. Bell, who removed
to Kentucky, and John J. John J. occupied a large place
in the hearts of the people of the county. His early advan-
tages in point of education were slender, and his natural
gifts not brilliant, yet few men exercised a wider or more
beneficial influence in the community. His powers of per-
ception were clear, his judgment sound, and his integrity
without spot or suspicion. He inherited his father's farm,
and followed him in the conduct of a public house ; but almost
immediately he espoused the views which had then begun to
prevail on the subject of temperance, and turned the tavern
into a house of entertainment. The disputes of the surround-
ing country were largely referred to his arbitration, and his
decision was accepted as an end of strife. His neighbors
often desired that he should be the guardian of their children,
and settle their estates. He was a magistrate under the old
regime, and among the first elected under the new constitu-
tion ; and four times in succession he was made by the choice
of his fellow justices presiding magistrate of the County Court.
For many years he served as Colonel of the Kighty-Eighth
Regiment, his farm by the way being the regular place of its
muster. He was a member of the House of Delegates, and
according to a friend of opposite politics, such was the uni-
versal regard in which he was held, that no competitor could

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 147

stand before him, and he might have been re-elected as often
as he wished; but his unambitious temper soon declined the
honor. He was for a long period a ruling elder in the South
Plains Presbyterian Church. He died full of days in 1892,
and was followed to the tomb by the high esteem and sincere
regrets of all who knew him. His wife was Sarah, daughter
of Nelson Barksdale. Of his five sons and two daughters.
Dr. Charles, who for many years practised his profession at
Everettsville, did not long survive him.

BOWEN.

Four brothers named Bowen bought land in Albemarle,
James M., William, Peter and Thomas C. They came from
the vicinity of Jeffersonton, Rappahannock County. In
1817 James and William together made their first purchase
of five hundred acres from Benjamin Ficklin — the old White
place southwest of Batesville. James must have relinquished
his interest to William, since in 1829 the latter with his wife,
who was Kliza George, of Fauquier, sold this land to Roland
H. Bates. William was a teacher, having had a school
near Ivy Depot, and afterwards near Mount Ed church. He
finally returned to Rappahannock. Peter, who was a phy-
sician, never resided in the county, though he more than
once purchased land in the Greenwood neighborhood. Be-
sides farming, James for some years prosecuted business as a
merchant. He prospered in his affairs, and in 1835 bought
the old Ramsey place, with its Mill, building the large brick
mansion which still stands, calling it Mirador, and making
it one of the finest seats in the county. He married Frances
Starke, and his children were Ann, the wife of Dr. John
R. Baylor, Mary, the wife of Dr. O. R. Funsten, of
Clarke, and Eliza, the wife of her cousin, Dr. George M,
Bowen, son of Peter. James died in 1880. His grandson,
James Bowen Funsten, was recently consecrated Episcopal
Bishop of Boise, Idaho.

When Thomas first came to the county, he also engaged in
the vocation of teaching. One of his schools was located
beside the old Mount Pleasant Methodist Church, which

148 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

stood on the hill three or four hundred yards west of Hills-
boro, and there he had Slaughter Ficklin as one of his pupils.
In 1837 he purchased from John Pilson the place which he
occupied till his death, which had been the old home of Isaac
Hardin, and which consisted of three tracts, Huntsmans, so
called from a former owner who removed to Kentucky, Hard
Labor, and Greenwood, which gave name to the Depot sub-
sequently established. Thomas Bowen acted a more promi-
nent part in the affairs of the county than his brother, and
served as a magistrate prior to the Constitution of 1850. He
was twice married, first to Miss Wheatley, of Culpeper, and
secondly to Margaret Timberlake, of Clark County. He left
two daughters, Mary Eliza, the wife of Colonel Grantham,
of Jefferson County, and Julia, the wife of John Shirley.
His death occurred in 1886. Thornton W. Bowen, who
lived north of Whitehall, was a brother of these gentlemen.

BRAMHAM.

Nimrod Bramham first appears, when he commenced busi-
ness as a merchant at the point where the road over Turkey
Sag comes into the Barboursville road. His store there was
a noted centre for many years. He purchased the place in
1797 from James Sebree and Gravett Edwards, He was
highly esteemed both for his commercial skill and energy,
and for his civil and military abilities. In 1800 he succeeded
William Wirt as Lieutenant in the militia, and in 1806
Francis Walker as Colonel of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment.
In 1801 he was appointed a magistrate. He represented the
county in the Legislature in 1812. In 1805 he gave the
ground for the Priddy's Creek Baptist Church, and was one
of the first trustees of the Charlottesville Baptist Church.
He proliably removed to Charlottesville in 1806, as he then
bought part of the lot on the west side of the Square, where
for years he did business under the firms, first of Bramham
and Jones, and afterwards of Bramham and Bibb. In 1818
he purcha.sed from Jesse W. Garth the place southwest of
Charlottesville, on which he built the large brick house, the
present residence of Herndon Fife, where he spent the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 149

remainder of his life. He died in 1845. His wife was
Margaret Marshall, of Culpeper, and his children, Sarah, the
wife of William A. Bibb, Nimrod, James, Lucy, the wife of
John Simpson, Gilly, the wife of William Kddins, and Jane,
the wife of Dr. Wyatt W. Hamner.

BRAND.

Joseph Brand came from Hanover County, and in 1779
bought from John Clark seven hundred and seventy-three
acres of land on Mechunk Creek. Some years after he pur-
chased a tract of more than six hundred acres on the Rivanna
opposite Milton. He also owned property in Hanover, and
land in the North Western Territory on the Miami. He died
in 1814. He and his wife Frances had twelve children,
Benjamin, Sarah, William, James, Joseph, Chiles, David,
Robert, Eliza, George, John, and Frances, the wife of David
Huckstep. What became of most of this large household is
not known. One of the sons, William, it is believed, emi-
grated to New Orleans, where he prosecuted a successful
business. The year after her father's death, Sarah was mar-
ried to John Robertson, a native of Scotland, who had taught
school in the county for some years, and who in 1814 was
taken under the care of Hanover Presbytery as a candidate
for the ministry. Chiles married Elizabeth Bryan, and died
in 1861. His children were Ann Eliza, the wife of Thomas R.
Bailey, Mary Jane, the wife of Richard Pinkard, Sarah, Rich-
ard, Catharine, who was for many years a teacher in Char-
lottesville, and became the wife of William Bell, of Augusta,
Maria, William, James, and Lucy, the wife of R. H. Munday,
who still occupies the house on University Street which was
conveyed to her grandmother by John M. Perry in 1825.
William D. Meriwether and James Lindsay were the acting
executors of Joseph Brand, and according to the instructions
of his will sold the land opposite Milton to Martin Dawson
in 1815, and that on Mechunk to Joseph Campbell in 1833.

BROCKMAN.

One of the early land owners in the northeast part of the
county was Samuel Brockman. He died in 1779, leaving

150 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

two sons, Samuel and William, and probably a third named
Jason. William was apparently prosperous in his affairs.
He lived on Priddy's Creek, owned a considerable quantity
of land, and had one of the first mills erected in that section.
He died in 1809. A Baptist church, the precursor of the
present Priddy's Creek Church, was on his land, and he de-
vised it to the congregation using it as a place of worship.
His children were Frances, the wife of a Taylor, Elizabeth,
John, Margaret, the wife of a Henderson, Thomas, William,
Ambrose, Samuel, and Catharine, the wife of a Bell. Am-
brose married Nancy, daughter of Captain William Simms,
and became a Baptist preacher. Samuel married Ann Simms,
a sister of Ambrose's wife, and his son Samuel, who died in
1847, was the father of Richard Simms, Bluford, Tandy,
Simpson, Tazewell, and Agatha, the wife of Thomas Edwards.
Richard Simms marriei Martha, the daughter of Wiley Dick-
erson, and removed to Amherst. Among his children were
Fontaine D., Harriet, the wife of William Jeffries, Tandy,
and Willis Allen, who removed to Atlanta, Georgia.

In the early part of the century many of this name emi-
grated to Kentucky, a Tandy Brockman going to Christian
County, and Elizabeth, a widow, with a large family of chil-
dren, to Boone.

BROOKS.

James Brooks was a lawyer of the early Albemarle bar.
He married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Woods, and lived
on a parcel of land on Mechum's River below the Miller
School, given him by his father-in-law. He died in 1815,
comparatively young. His children were Robert, Elizabeth,
James and Richard. He, and after him his son Robert, had
charge of the estate of Thomas West.

In 1808 Robert married Elizabeth, daughter of James Hays,
the founder of New York, and at first resided in Nelson
County. In 1812 he became a resident of New York, pur-
chasing Eot Thirty-One, on which stood at the time a one-
story framed hou.se. In 1817 he made from David Hays the
first purchase of what was subsequently the Brooksville plan-
tation in the same vicinity. The next year his brothers and sis-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 151

ters appointed him their attorney to sell nine thousand acres
of land in Harrison County, Kentucky. For a long period
he kept a tavern at Brooksville, held in high esteem among
travellers for its capital good cheer. He was a magistrate of
the county, and a ruling elder in the Mountain Plains
Church, He and John Pilson were the only justices who
appeared to enforce the law against profane swearing, both
paying over to the Poor Fund fines which they had imposed
for that offence. His children were Elizabeth, Mary Frances,
William, Robert, Ira, Henry and Maria Antoinette. But
though possessing a fine farm, and conducting a popular
hostelry, his affairs became greatly embarrassed. In 1836
he was compelled by his debts to sell his place to James P.
Tyler, and removed to Kentucky.

BROWN.

The Browns of Brown's Cove were a Hanover family. Its
head, Benjamin, and his eldest son Benjamin, patented a large
area of land in L,ouisa County, both before and after its
establishment in 1742. They began to obtain grants in
Albemarle also soon after its formation. From 1747 to 1760
they entered more than six thousand acres on both sides of
Doyle's River. Benjamin Sr. , married Sarah Dabney, who
according to Dr. Charles Brown's will, was descended from
the Jennings that left the enormous estate in England, which
such a multitudinous posterity in this country has coveted,
and which prompted Dr. Charles to cross the great sea twice
in his old age. Benjamin died in 1762, leaving eleven chil-
dren, Benjamin, William, Agnes, Barzillai, Benajah, Bernard,
Bernis, Bezaleel, Brightberry, Elizabeth, the wife of John
Price, and Eucretia, the wife of Robert Harris. Passing
these names under review, one can imagine the delight of the
old gentleman in the iterating alliteration of B. B., and how
assiduously he searched the Scriptures and the Lives of the
Saints, to attain his pet ideal.

Benjamin and William were their father's executors, and
appear to have had their portions and residence in Hanover
or Eouisa. Barzillai sold out in Albemarle, and settled in

152 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Shelby County, Kentucky, in 1S09. Benajah also disposed
of his interests, and removed to Buckingham.

Bernard had his home at the foot of Buck's Elbow, not far
from Whitehall. He was the first of the family to depart
this life, dying in 1800. He and his wife Elizabeth had
twelve children, Robert, Reuben, Bernard M., Charles,
Thomas H., Ira B., Asa B., Benjamin H., Bezaleel, Fran-
cina, the wife of John Rodes, Lucy, the wife of Nathaniel
Thompson Sr. , and Sarah. Robert and Reuben emigrated
to Sumner County, Tennessee. Bernard M. married Miriam,
daughter of David Alaupin, and had nine children, among
whom were Thompson Brown, Sarah, the wife of Clifton
Brown, and Pyrena, the wife of Tilman Maupin. Charles
practiced medicine in Charlottesville in the early part of the
century. He lived where Dr. W. G. Rogers now resides
till 1822, when he removed to the farm on the waters of Ivy
Creek which he bought from Crenshaw Fretwell, and on
which his son Ezra still resides. He married his cousin
Mary, daughter of Bezaleel Brown, and had six children.
He died in 1879, having attained the remarkable age of
ninety-six years. Thomas H. married first Mildred Brown,
and secondly Lucy, daughter of Horsley Goodman. By his
first marriage he had a daughter Etnaline, who was the wife
of W. G. Fretwell. Ira B. married Frances Mullins, ana
had six children, among them Burlington D. Brown. Ben-
jamin H. married Judith, daughter of Hudson Fretwell.
Bezeleel married Elizabeth, daughter of John A. Michie, and
his children were Cynthia, the wife of William H. Brown,
Frances, Addison, Williamson, Mary, the wife of George
W. Kemper, Martha, the wife of Charles H. Parrott, and
John A. M. He was cut off in the prime of his days in 1825.
The family of Bernard Brown was remarkable in one respect.
He and his three sons, Charles, Thomas H., and Ira B.
were magistrates of the county, and two of them served as
Sheriff, Charles in 1841, and Thomas H. in 1849.

Bernis was one of the early Methodist preachers in the
county and country, entering the ministry some years
before the close of the last century. He married Hen-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 153

rietta, daugfhter of John Rodes, and died in 1815, leaving
eight children, Sarah, the wife of Thomas Jones, Henrietta,
the wife of John Ruff, Ann, the wife of John Dickerson,
Bernis, Tyree, Benjamin T., who married lyucy Richards,
Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Carthrae, and John R.

Bezaleel was an ofl&cer in the Revolutionary army at York-
town, was a magistrate of the county, and served as Sheriff
in 1805. He died in 1829. He and his wife Mary had six
children, William T., Bezaleel, Elizabeth, the wife of Jesse
Garth, I^ucy, the wife of her cousin Reuben, Bernard's son,
Sarah, the wife of Charles Parrott, and Mary, the wife of Dr.
Charles. William T. married Mary, daughter of James Jar-
man, and died in 1877. His children were I^ucy, Sarah, the
wife of John R. Early, and Mary, the wife of Dr. William E.
Bibb, Bezaleel was appointed a magistrate in 1835, was a
member of the House of Delegates from 1844 to 1847, and
died in 1878.

'Brightberry and his wife Mary had five sons, Horace,
Clifton, William, Nimrod, and Brightberry. He died in 1846.
Horace lived at the head of the Cove, just beneath Brown's
Gap, and his house, on account of Its bracing air, quiet se-
clusion and generous fare, was a favorite resort of the Meth-
odist clergy during the heat of summer.

This family of Brown, from their early settlement, their
prominent part in public affairs, the high character generally
prevalent among them, and the lasting impress they have
made on the natural scenery of the county, is one of the
most noted in its history.

A numerous family of the same name began with Andrew
Brown, who in 1789 bought land in North Garden from John
Everett. He lived in a house which is still standing, about
a quarter of a mile west of North Garden Depot. He died
in 1804, and the place was well known for many years after
as the residence of his wife Mary. His children numbered
thirteen, Elizabeth, the wife of Joel Yancey, John, James,
Anderson, Nancy, Lucy, the wife of Ralph Thomas, Sarah,
the wife of Absalom Johnson, Nelson, Mary, the wife of Mar-
tin Moore, Margaret, the wife of James Kinsolving, Wil-

154 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

liamson, Maurice and Damaris, the wife of Benjamin W.
Wheeler. John married Martha, the widow of John P.
Watson, who had devised to her his real estate, nearly five
hundred acres lying east of North Garden Depot; she how-
ever in 1816 joined with her second husband in a deed to
James Leigh, that it might be reconveyed to him. He died
in 1845, and his children were John A., William, Catharine,
the wife of Jerome B. Wood, Sarah, the wife of John M. Carr,
Ann, the wife of George W. Rothwell, Charles, Martha, the
wife of Benjamin F. Ammonett, and Marietta, the wife of
Elijah J. Bettis. Anderson and his wife Susan had ten chil-
dren, among whom were Sarah, the wife of D. C. Rittenhouse,
Mary Jane, the wife of James A. Watson, and the late
Andrew J. Brown, of Charlottesville.

A Benjamin Brown was associated with David Ross in the
purchase of a large number of lots in Charlottesville, when
they were originally sold. He died about 1799, and John
Brown, of Louisa, was his executor. It is probable Benjamin
lived in Louisa, and he may have been the eldest son of Ben-
jamin Sr., of Brown's Cove.

Another Benjamin Brown was a lawyer of the Albemarle
bar at the beginning of the century. He was the owner at
different times of the plantations of Meadow Creek and
Mooresbrook, at which latter place his son, Robert M,, a
prominent attorney of Amherst, was born. He married Sarah
K. W., daughter of Colonel Charles Lewis, of North Garden.
After selling Mooresbrook to R. B. Streshley in 1812, he
removed to Amherst County.

Matthew Brown, who it is said was not related to the last
mentioned Benjamin, married Ann, the sister of Benjamin's
wife. For a few years subsequent to 1804, he resided on a
thousand acres which he purchased from.John M. Sheppard,
of Hanover, and which were situated in North Garden on the
north side of Tom's Mountain. He also removed to Amherst.
At a later date he was a contractor for erecting the buildings
of the University. He was the grandfather of Judge Thomp-
son Brown, of Nelson.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 155

SURCH.

In 1763 Thomas Burch, of Caroline County, together with
Ritchins Brame, purchased from Francis Jerdone four hun-
dred acres on Ivy Creek, a part of the Michael Holland tract,
of which another part is the present Farmington. He died
in 1775, leaving his widow Sarah, and fourteen children,
Mary, the wife of a Howlett, Cheadle, John, Benjamin,
Keziah, the wife of a Cook, William, Sarah, the wife of a
Bowles, Ann, Frances, Samuel, Joseph, Richard, Jean
Stapleton, the wife of John Rodes, son of the first Clifton,
and Thomas. His widow and James Kerr were designated
executors of his will. As to what became of most of this
large family, no sign remains.

Samuel was shot by George Carter in his own door on
Main Street in Charlottesville in 1800. His house was situ-
ated about where the store of T. T. Norman now stands. His
wife, who was Mary, daughter of James Kerr, with her
daughter Sarah, who became the wife of Robert Andrews, re-
moved to Fleming County, Kentucky, and their interest in the
lot on which Samuel had lived, was sold to William Thombs
in 1828. Two sons, Thomas D. and James Kerr settled in
Wake County, North Carolina, James K., whose wife's name
was Helen, became a Presbyterian minister, preached at one
time in Kentucky, and in his last years removed to Missouri.
His daughter, Catharine was the wife of the distinguished
divine of Kentucky, Dr. Nathan L. Rice.

Joseph Burch in 1786 married Mary, daughter of the elder
Clifton Rodes and his wife Sarah, daughter of John Waller,
of Pamunky. He removed to Kentucky. A son of Joseph
was the .Rev. Clifton R. Burch, whose daughter was the wife
of John C. Breckinridge, the Vice President; and a daughter
of Joseph was the wife of Waller Bullock, and mother of the
late Rev. J. J. Bullock, of Baltimore and Washington.

Richard Burch married Lucy, daughter of William Barks-
dale in 1791. He was the owner of what is now known as
the Ivy Cottage plantation, which was no doubt a part of his
father's place. In 1793 he entered upon a contest with Moses
Bates in regard to the erection of a mill on Ivy Creek ; and

156 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

in 1813 the Court decided that the right to the bed of the
creek belonged to Burch. Meanwhile he devoted himself to
tavern keeping. He conducted a public house at Stony-
Point, then at Michie's Old Tavern, and still later at the
Swan in Charlottesville. In 1821 he was engaged in the
same business in Lovingston, Nelson County.

BURNLEY.

John Burnley, an Englishman, who lived in Hanover
County, returned to England in 1771, leaving in Virginia a
will of that date, but making another in England in 1778.
In both of these he bequeathed property to a son Zachariah»
and to daughters, Elizabeth and Keziah, who were both
married to Dukes. A litigation followed respecting these
bequests, and was protracted through^a period of fifty years.
Hardin Burnley, a brother or son of John, obtained patents
for land in Albemarle from 1749 to 1764. Zachariah, prob-
ably the one already mentioned, and a citizen of Orange
County, purchased in 1767 from Dr. Arthur Hopkins nearly
fifteen hundred acres on Hardware andTotier, which Hardin
had patented, but forfeited for non-payment of quit rents.
In 1788 he also purchased upwards of four hundred acres at
the mouth of Priddy's Creek, which he shortly after sold to
Peter Clarkson. Nicholas Mills, of Hanover, in 1786 con-
veyed to James Burnley, of Louisa, a considerable tract of
land on Beaver Creek, north of Mechum's River Depot, and
from the nominal consideration specified it is likely he was
Mill's son-in-law. He fixed his residence there, as did his
son John also ; but toward the close of the century they
appear to have sold to other persons, and removed elsewhere.

A Reuben Burnley was the owner of Lots Seventy -Three
and Seventy-Four in Charlottesville, the square on which Dr.
W. G. Rogers resides, and with his wife Harriet conveyed
them in 18U6 to Dr. Charles Everett. A James Burnley
purchased about eighty acres north and northeast of the Uni-
versity in 1803, but dying before the deed was made, the prop-
erty was conveyed to his wife Ann. He left a daughter Mary,
who was married first to John L- O'Neal, and secondly to

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 157

Daniel Piper, and in the decade of 1820 she and her'second
husband sold this land to different persons, in part to the
University. When the estate of Cornelius Schenk was sold,
Ann bought Lots Sixty-Seven and Sixty-Kight, immediately
west of the Episcopal Church, and lived there for many years,
selling them in 1837 to Alonzo Gooch. From her the spring
at the foot of the hill, at the junction of the extension of
High Street with the Whitehall Road, formerly went by the
name of Burnley's Spring. There can hardly be a doubt
that all these Burnleys, as well as those mentioned hereafter,
derived their descent from the same stock.

Of eight brothers of the name belonging to Louisa County,
two, and the descendants of two others, settled in Albemarle.
Seth Burnley lived north of Hydraulic Mills, married Ann,
daughter of Horsley Goodman, and died in 1857. He was
succeeded bj' his son Jame.«i H., who married Mildred, daugh-
ter of John J. Bowcock. Nicholas, who lived in the Beaver
Creek nieghborhood, married Susan, daughter of James Har-
ris. He left two sons, James Harris and Joel, who removed
to Pickaway County, Ohio, and a daughter Mary, who was
the wife of John T. Wood. Samuei, the son of Henry Burn-
ley, pursued for many years the calling of a teacher. He
married Martha, the daughter of his cousin Nathaniel, and
spent his last days on his farm on Mechunk, not far from
Union Mills. He died in 1875. A sister of Samuel, Mildred,
became the wife of Crenshaw Fretwell, and four of his nieces
the wives of Judge George P. Hughes, James F. Burnley, A.
J. Wood and J. R. Wingfield. Nathaniel, the son of John
Burnley, settled in the early part of the century at Stony
Point, where he kept tavern for many years. In 1829, in
partnership with Rice W. Wood, he bought from John M.
Perry the Hydraulic Mills, where he transacted the milling
and mercantile business until his death in 1860. In 1811 he
married Sarah, daughter of the elder Drury Wood, and his
children were James F., William, Horace, Drury, Martha,
the wife of Samuel Burnley, Lucy, the wife of Charles Vest,
Mary J., the wife of Dr. Garland A. Garth, Emily, the wife
of Burwell Garth, and Cornelia, the wife of James P. Railey.

158 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Nathaniel's sister Klizabeth was married in 1816 to Hudson

Fretwell.

BUSTER.

A family named Buster, occasionally spelled in the records
Bustard, was settled in the county at, or soon after, its for-
mation. Its head was William, who lived in North Garden
on the north fork of Hardware, near where the old White
mill stood. He was one of the signers of the call to Rev.
Samuel Black. A bridge called by his name spanned the
stream near by, and was a landmark in the vicinity up to the
end of the last century. As early as 1749, his wife Klizabeth
was left a widow. He had certainly two sons, John and
Claudius, who were the owners of more than three hundred
acres on the Hardware. Both also bought land on the head
waters of Mechum's River. John was for a time a citizen of
Augusta County. About 1785 he established himself on
Moore's Creek, a mile or two south of Jesse Maury's resi-
dence. He was a ruling elder in the D. S. Church, and died
in 1820, aged eighty-three. He was twice married, first to
Elizabeth Woods, and secondly, to Alice, daughter of John
Gilliam. His children were Ann, the wife of John Wingfield,
Martha, the wife of Matthew Wingfield, Sarah, the tvife of
Dixon Dedman, Margaret, the wife of William Foster, Eliza-
beth, the wife of George Moore, Patience, the wife of Levi
Wheat, Claudius and David.

Claudius about 1785 purchased the D. S., where he kept
tavern until his death in 1807. He and his wife Dorcas had
eleven children, John, Mary, the wife of James Hays, the
founder of New York, William, Claudius, Thomas, Benja-
min, Patience, the wife of Charles Bailey, Nancy, the wife of
William Garland, Robert, Charles Franklin and Elizabeth.
Claudius, whose wife's name was Ann, and Thomas re-
moved to Kanawha, where Thomas was a Justice of the
Peace in 1819. Another of the sons, thought to be Charles
Franklin, removed to Loudoun County, whence his descend-
ants afterwards went to Greenbrier, of which county one of
them was recently the Clerk.

A Buster, no doubt another son of William and Elizabeth,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 159

married Mary, daug^hter of Thomas Smith, and had two
sons, John and David. These brothers in 1784 bought a
tract of land on the old Richard Woods Road southwest of
Ivy Depot, part of which they sold to William Gooch. John
also owned the land in North Garden east of Israel's Gap,
which he sold in 1799 to Thomas Carr, and which was the
home of^his son Dabney Carr for more than three score years.
John Buster in 1786 married Lucy, daughter of Mask I^eake,
and about the beginning of the century removed to Charlotte
County.

CARR.

Major Thomas Carr, of King William, commenced entering
land within the present bounds of Albemarle in 1730. Up
to 1737 he had patented more than five thousand acres along
the north fork of Rivanna, and on the west side of the South
West Mountain. The most of this land he gave to his son
John, of Bear Castle, Louisa. John, who died about 1769,
was twice married, first to Mary Dabney, and secondly to
Barbara Overton. His children were Thomas, Dabney,
Samuel, Overton, Garland, and Sarah, the wife of Nathaniel
Anderson, who resided on the old glebe of St. Anne's.
Thomas married Mary Clarkson, and his children were John
Manoah, Dabney, Thomas, Samuel, and Mary, the wife of
Howell Lewis, of North Garden. He lived on the south
fork of the Rivanna, and died in 1807. John M. was the
Clerk of the District Court of Charlottesville, and the first
Clerk of the Circuit Court of Albemarle, which office he filled
till 1819. His home was at Belmont, the residence of the late
vSlaughter Ficklin, His wife was Jane, the daughter of Col-
onel Charles Lewis, of North Garden, and his children Charles
Lewis, a physician, who married Ann, widow of Richard P.
Watson, and practised in North Garden, John H., who
married Malinda, daughter of Manoah Clarkson, Nathaniel,
Willis, a physician, who married Mary Ann Gaines, and
practised in the vicinity of Ivy, and Jane. Most of this
family, it is believed, emigrated to Kentucky. Dabney
married Lucy, daughter of John Digges, of Nelson, lived in
he southwest corner of North Garden, near the foot of Israel's
Gap, and died in 1862, about ninety years of age.

160 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Dabney, the second son of John, was the rising orator of
Revolutionary times, mentioned by Wirt in his Life of
Patrick Henry. He married Martha, sister of Mr. Jefferson.
He lived in Goochland, but died in 1773 in Charlottesville,
whither he had come on business. He was buried at old
Shad well, but in consequence of an agreement made in youth-
ful friendship, Mr. Jefferson had his remains removed to
Monticello, where it was the first of a long list of distin-
guished interments in the present cemetery. His children
were Peter, Samuel, Dabney, Martha, the wife of Richard
Terrell. Jane, the wife of Miles Gary, and Ellen, the wife of Dr.
Newsom, of Mississippi. Peter studied law, was sometime
Mr. Jefferson's private secretary when President, married
Hester Smith Stevenson, a young widow of Baltimore, lived
at Carrsbrook, was appointed a magistrate, but soon resigned,
and died in 1815. He left three children, Dabney, minister
to Turkey six years from 1843, Ellen, wife of William B.
Buchanan, of Baltimore, and Jane Margaret, wife of Wilson
M. Gary. Samuel lived at Dunlora, was a magistrate, Golo-
nel of cavalry in the war of 1812, member of the House of
Delegates and the State Senate, married first his cousin Ellen
Garr, and secondly Maria, sister of Major William S. Dabney,
was the father of James Lawrence, of Kanawha, and Golonel
George, of Roanoke, and died in Kanawha in 1849. Dabney
began life as a lawyer in Gharlottesville, married his cousin
Elizabeth Garr, lived where Ira Garrett so long resided, and
after being Chancellor of the Winchester District, became
Judge of the Gourt of Appeals in 1824. He died in Rich-
mond in 1837.

Samuel, the third son of John Garr, was an ofl&cer in the
Navy, married a Mrs. Riddick, of Nansemond, and died
without children. He devised his place Dunlora to his
nephew and namesake, Samuel.

Overton, fourth son of John, married a Mrs. Anderson,
and resided in Maryland. His two daughters, Ellen and Eliza-
beth, became the wives of Golonel Samuel and Judge Dabney.
A son, Jonathan Boucher, came to this county, married his
cousin Barbara, daughter of Garland Garr, settled in Ghar-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 161

lotlesville as a lawyer, was Commonwealth's Attorney for
eleven years from 1818, bought Dabney Carr's place, and sold
it to Ira Garrett when he moved to the country, lived wheie
Dr. H, O. Austin recently resided, and finally emigrated to
Missouri. He was the father of Mary Ann, wife of Hugh
Minor. Another son, Overton, was for many years Door-
keeper of the House of Representatives at Washington.

Garland, youngest son of John, was a magistrate of the
county, and lived at Bentivar, where he died in 1838. He
married Mary, daughter of William Winston, of Hanover,
and his children were Francis, Daniel Ferrel, James O.,
Barbara, the wife of J. Boucher Carr, Elizabeth, the wife of
Rev. John D. Paxton, of Rockbridge, and Mary, the wife of
Achilles Broadhead, who succeeded William Woods as
County Surveyor, removed to Missouri, and was the father of
the late Hon. James O. Broadhead, of St. L,ouis, and Pro-
fessor Garland C, of the University of Missouri. Francis
was in many ways a useful man, a physician, a teacher, an
editor. Secretary of the County Agricultural Society, Secre-
tary of the Faculty of the University, and for many years an
active magistrate. He also served as Sheriff in 1839. He
married first Virginia, daughter of Richard Terrell, and sec-
ondly Maria, daughter of Richard Morris. He had two sons,
Peter, who removed to Missouri, and the late F. E. G. He
lived in town in the one story frame in the rear of the late
Thomas Wood's, and in the country at Red Hill, where he
died in 1854. Daniel Ferrel succeeded his father at Bentivar,
married Emily, daughter of William Terrell, and died in
1847, leaving his estate to his son, Dr. W. G. Carr. James
O., married Mary, daughter of Richard H. Allen, lived at the
Meadows, the present residence of H. C. Michie, and near
the close of his life removed to Amherst, where he died in
1864.

William Carr was the patentee of upwards of four thou-
sand acres on the north fork of the Rivanna, above that
entered by Major Thomas Carr, and embracing the region
lying west of the Burnt Mills. He was also granted a tract
—11

162 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

of four hundred acres on Buck Mountain Creek. These
entries were made from 1737 to 1740. After the death of
William, his widow Susan was married to I^odowick O'Neal.
He had a son Thomas, and a daughter Phoebe, the wife of
Walter Chiles; these persons who sold portions of the land
above mentioned, belonged to Spotsylvania. A part of this
land also was the property of Mordecai Hord, during his
residence in the county. It is likely William had another
son named Charles, as in 1780 a part of the same land that
William had et^ered, and that "had formerly belonged to
Charles Carr," w^ sold by Walter Carr (presumably a son
of Charles) and hisNyife Elizabeth.

Three other Carrs, hi^ds of families, lived on the west side
of the South West Mountain, south of Stony Point. What
relation they bore to eack other, or to those already men-
tioned, is not known; but tXere can scarcely be a question
that they were all derived from the same source. Their
names were Gideon, Micajah ano^John. Gideon died in 1795.
His children were William, Thbmas, Mary, the wife of
Thomas Travillian, John, Gideon, Nancy, the wife of Ben-
jamin Thurman, Micajah, Elizabeth, the wife of John Fitch,
and Meekins. It is probable most of the descendants of this
family emigrated to the West. A notice of the death of
Thomas Carr is extant, in which it is stated that he was the
son of Gideon Carr, a pioneer settler on the I^ittle Mountain
in Albemarle, that he removed to Wilson County, Tennessee
in 1807, and that he died in 1821 in the seventy-ninth year
of his age.

Micajah died in 1812. He was at onetime the owner of
CoUe. He and his wife Elizabeth had ten children, Mary,
the wife of W. J. Blades, Martha, the wife of Daniel Shackel-
ford, Mildred, the wife of James Travillian, David, James,
John, Henley, the wife of Gideon C. Travillian, Sarah, the
wife of John H. Maddox, George, who in early life taught
school in Charlottesville, and at the time of his death in 1886
was the Nestor of the Albemarle bar, and Burton, who
removed to Green County, Kentucky.

John Carr was a successful man. He became the owner

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 163

by purchase of more than fifteen hundred acres in different
parts of the county. He died in 1809. He and his wife
Elizabeth had nine children, David, who married Eliza,
daughter of Achilles Bowcock, Thomas D. , Mary, the wife
of Wiley Dickerson, Malinda, the wife of Drury Wood,
Nancy, the wife of Allen Jones, Elizabeth, the wife of
Thomas Salmon, Sarah, the wife of James Early, Anderson,
who removed to Montgomery County, Tennessee, and John
F. , who removed to Nelson County.
•

CARTER.

John Carter obtained in 1730 the grant of nine thousand,
three hundred and fifty acres, which embraced the whole of
what is still called Carter's Mountain. It seems strange he
should have taken up a rugged mountain, when the whole
country lay before him to choose from, the Biscuit Run
valley, the fair campaign between Moore's and Meadow
Creeks, the fertile lands of Ivy, the North and South Gar-
dens, and the Rich Cove; but perchance, having spent all
his days in the tidewater district, wearied with its flatness,
and languid from its malaria, the breezy summits of the
mountains had a peculiar charm in his eyes. He was the
eldest son of Robert (King) Carter, and was made Secretary
of the Colony in 1721 ; for which appointment it is said he
paid fifteen hundred pounds sterling. He also patented
ten thousand acres on Piney and Buffalo Rivers in Amherst.
He died in 1742, about two years before the formation of
Albemarle; hence the title frequently given him in the early
records in connection with places associated with his name,
the late Secretary's Ford, Road, Mill, &c. He never lived
in the county, but had in it two establishments, both fur-
nished with a large number of servants, the Mill improvement
on the west side of the mountain, on the north fork of
Hardware, and the other on the east side called Clear Mount,
perhaps the same with Redlands, or Blenheim. His eldest
son Charles succeeded to his patrimonial estate in Lancas-
ter, but his lands in Albemarle were given to his son Edward.
Edward married Sarah Champe, and in his early life lived

164^ HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

in Fredericksburg, but in his latter years spent much of his
time at Blenheim. He represented the county in the House
of Burgesses with Dr. Thomas Walker from 1767 to 1769,
and in the House of Delegates with George Nicholas in 1788.
He died in 1792. His children were John, Charles, Edward,
William Charape, Hill, George, Whitaker, Robert, Eliza-
beth, the wife of William Stanard, uncle of Judge Robert
Stanard, Sarah, the wife of her cousin George Carter, Jane,
the wife of Major Verminet, Mary, the wife of Francis T.
Brooke, Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Aun W. Troup.

Charles married Elizabeth, daughter of Fielding Lewis,
and among his children was Maria, the wife of Professor
George Tucker, of the University, and mother of Eliza, wife
of Professor Gessner Harrison, and Maria, second wife of
George Rives.

Edward married Mary R., daughter of Colonel Charles
Lewis, of North Garden, and had among other children by
this marriage Dr. Charles Carter. His second wife was
Lucy, daughter of Valentine Wood and Lucy Henry, sister
of the famous orator. He sold his possessions in Albemarle,
and removed to Amherst.

William Champe married Maria Farley, lived at one time
at Viewmont, which he purchased from Governor Edmund
Randolph, and subsequently removed to Culpeper. His
daughter Elizabeth became the wife of Samuel Sterrow, of
that county. Hill lived in Amherst, and married there it, is
said, a Miss Rose.

George became insane, and was no doubt suffering from
mental derangement, when in 1800 he was bound over for
challenging James Lewis, and a few days after killed Samuel
Burch. Mr. Jefferson in a letter to his daughter dated July
fourth refers to this event : "A murder in our neighborhood
is the theme of present conversation. George Carter shot
Burch of Charlottesville in his own door, and on very slight
provocation. He died in a few minutes. The examining
Court meets to morrow." As the result of the trial, he was
sent to the Asylum, where he continued until his death in
1816.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 165

Whitaker never married, and squandered his property by-
dissipation. He died in Charlottesville in 1821. A year or
two before his death he conveyed to his sister-in-law, Mrs.
Mary Kliza Carter, one-seventh and one-twelfth of a parcel
of land in Fluvanna, about twenty-five acres near Scott's
Ferry, devised by Kdward Carter to his seven youngest sons ;
in the consideration for this fag-end of a handsome estate,
"for kindness, pecuniary and other favors," there was some-
thing sadly pathetic.

Robert married Mary Eliza, daughter of John Coles. He
lived at Redlands, just east of Carter's Bridge, where he died
comparatively young in 1810. His children were John Coles,
who married Ellen Monroe Bankhead, was a magistrate, was
once the owner of Farmington, and moved to Missouri. Rob-
ert H., who succeeded his father at Redlands, was admitted
to the bar, was appointed a magistrate, and married Margaret
Smith, a granddaughter of Gov. W. C. Nicholas, Mary,
the first wife of George Rives, and Sarah, the wife of Dr.
Benjamin F. Randolph.

CLARK.

Christopher Clark was a large land owner in Louisa, and
obtained grants within the present limits of Albemarle in
1732. He was a Quaker, and with his son Bowling was
overseer of a Friends' Meeting House, which was situated
on land he had entered near the Sugar Loaf peak of the South
West Mountain. He and Bowling also took out patents on
Totier Creek. Numerous tracts in the eastern part of the
county were owned by the Clark family. John in 1778 pur-
chased from Robert Nelson, of Yorktown, more than two
thousand acres on Mechunk, which were patented in 1733
by Thomas Darsie, and which Clark sold the same year to
James Quarles and Joseph Brand. As well as can be ascer-
tained, Christopher and his wife Penelope had five sons and
four daughters, Edward, Bowling, Micajah, John, Christo-
pher, Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Anthony, who entered
two thousand and forty acres in Biscuit Run valley, and
moved to Bedford County, and a number of whose descend-

166 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

ants intermarried with members of the Cabell family, Sarah,
the wife of Charles Lynch, Rachel, the wife of Thomas
Moorman, and the wife of Benjamin Johnson.

The most of the family removed to Bedford, now Campbell
County. In 1754 Edward and Bowling were overseers of
the Friends' South River Meeting House, located on I^ynch's
Branch of Blackwater Creek, three or four miles from I^ynch-
burg. Micajah married Judith, daughter of Robert Adams,
and his children it is believed were Micajah, Robert, Jacob and
William. Robert married Susan, daughter of John Hender-
son Sr. , and followed his relatives to Bedford; his children
were Robert, the first manufacturer of iron in Kentucky,
James, Governor of Kentucky when he died in 1839, and
Bennett, the father and grandfather of the two John Bullock
Clarks, who were both members of Congress from Missouri,
and both Generals in the Confederate army. William was
deputy sheriff for John Marks in 1786, and was empowered
by the Legislature on account of his chief's removal to sell
lands delinquent for taxes. He was also a magistrate of the
county, and died in 1800. His sons were Jacob, James and
Micajah, and his widow Elizabeth (Allen) Clark is remem-
bered by many as the proprietor of Clarksville, an excellent
house of entertainment near Keswick, recently the country
seat of James B. Pace, of Richmond. James was a magis-
trate, married Margaret, daughter of Thomas W. Lewis, of
Locust Grove, and in 1836 with most of the Lewis family
emigrated to Missouri. Micajah became a physician, and
was for many years a successful practitioner in Richmond.

CLARKSON.

Five Clarksons filled a considerable space in the early his-
tory of the county, Peter, John, William, James and Ma-
noah. There is documentary evidence that three of these
were brothers, John, William and James, sons of David
Clarkson, who came from Amherst; it is probable the other
two were also brothers in the same family. There seems
moreover to have been three sisters, Mary, the wife of Thomas
Carr, Susan, the wife of John Lewis, the father of Jesse, and
Letitia, the wife of Zebulon Alphin.

\

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 167

Peter began lo purchase land in 1770, buying two hundred
and fifty acres from John Senter, not far from the present Rio
Station, which he and his wife Ann sold soon after to Thomas
Carr. Possessing apparently a large amount of money just
after the Revolution, he purchased during the decade of 1780
nearly three thousand acres, lying on Spring Creek near
Whitehall, south of Ivy Depot, and in the neighborhood of
the Burnt Mills. On this last tract he made his home until his
death in 1814. His children were Elizabeth, William, Julius,
Mary, the wife of Richard Harrison, David, and Ann, the wife
of Mann Townley. William and Julius were merchants in
Milton, but the former removed to Bourbon County, Ken-
tucky. Julius married Mary, daughter of Jesse Lewis, and
died in 1812 . His widow afterwards became the wife of John
H. Craven, and his only child, Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas
W. Maury. David received a part of his father's place at the
mouth of Priddy's Creek, where he died early. He and his
wife IvUcy, daughter of Joseph Morton, had four children,
Joseph Morton, who emigrated to Alabama, Elizabeth, the
wife of Richard D. Simms, Mary, the wife of James Collins,
of Madison, and Nancy, the wife of Francis Catterton. Ann,
the venerable widow of Peter, died in 1822, in the eighty-
eighth year of her age.

John and William settled beside each other, west of the
road between Hydraulic Mills and the Bowcock place. John
bought upwards of five hundred acres from Major John Wood,
and William upwards of four hundred from David Wood.
A place of business existed somewhere on their land, known as
Clarkson's Store, in all likelihood conducted by both, as both
were alike overtaken by business disaster. In 1807 they con-
veyed their farms to the same trustees to secure debts due
William Brown & Co. of Richmond, and within nine years
both farms were sold by the trustees, that of William to
George Crank, and that of John to Nelson Barksdale. In
1820 John and his wife Nancy made another conveyance to
Barksdale, perhaps to dispose of the dower, in consideration
of a life estate in fifty-nine acres. It is not known whether
either of the brothers had children, but it is thought that

168 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

James Clarkson, who married Maria, daughter of David
Wood, was the son of John and Nancy.

James Clarkson made his home in the forks of Hardware,
his place embracing the mouth of Eppes Creek, and being
the same afterwards owned by the young patriot, Roberts
Coles, and now in the possession of Tucker Coles. He
bought it from William Champe Carter in 1799. He suffered
from the burden of debt, and to secure it placed his property
under a deed of trust; but he must have arranged his affairs
successfully, as in 1828 he and his wife Elizabeth sold his farm
to Thomas Maupin. son of William. He died in 1829 at the
advanced age of ninety-five. A son Reuben removed to
Meade County, Kentucky, and another, Julius, married
Margaret M., daughter of John Thomas. Julius died about
1835, and in 1838 his widow was married to Robert Cash-
mere.

Manoah Clarkson advanced in the course of life more
slowly, but more surely. In 1777 he bought nearly three
hundred acres on Ivy Creek near the Barracks, which he
sold two years later to John Harvie. He then rented from
Garland Carr in the forks of the Rivanna. At length he
purchased from David Anderson six hundred acres three or
four miles south of Charlottesville, a part of the old Carter
tract, where he lived until his death in 1829 in his eighty-
eighth year. He was twice married, and had twelve children,
Mary, the wife of Jeremiah A. Goodman, Nancy, the wife of
Jesse I^ewis, Jane, the wife of Thomas Ammonett, Mildred,
the wife of Nathan Goodman, who went to Kentucky, James,
Anselm, who moved to Kentucky, Frances, the wife of M.
C. Darnell, Dorothy, Malinda, the wife of John H. Carr,
Elizabeth, the wife of William Watkins, Charlotte, the wife
of Edmund Hamner, and Martha, the wife of Dudley Jones.

COCHRAN.

John Cochran came to Charlottesville from Augusta County
about 1825. For years he was one of the leading merchants
of the town, occupying the store on the southwest corner of
Jefferson and Fifth Streets, and residing in the building im-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 169

mediately to the west. He was a man of energy and sound
judgment, and achieved great success. In 1829, at the sale
of lots in Anderson's Addition, he purchased a parcel of
ground on Park Street, where he erected the large brick man-
sion, in which he lived until his death in 1883, at the age of
eighty-six. He was appointed a magistrate of the county in
1843. His wife was Margaret I,ynn, daughter of Major John
L^ewis, of Sweet Springs , and his children were Judge John ly. ,
Margaret, the wife of John M. Preston, Howe P., Henry K.,
William Lynn, and George M. Mr. Cochran owned the mill
on Meadow Creek that had formerly belonged to John H.
Craven, and has left his name associated with it, and the ad-
joining pond; which however in the ever-changing move-
ments of time has already become a thing of the past.

COCKE.

James Powell Cocke, of Henrico, went to Augusta County
in 1783, and bought from Rev. James Waddell, the blind
preacher. Spring Hill, the old Patton place, that lay at the
west foot of the Blue Ridge. In 1787 he came over to Albe-
marle, and purchased from Robert Nelson, son of President
William Nelson, sixteen hundred acres, situated where the
south fork of Hardware breaks through the mountain, one of
the tracts patented in the name of Mildred Meriwether. He
fixed his residence on the east side of Fan's Mountain, and
the west edge of the Kppes Creek valley, on the place recently
owned by J. Henry Yates. He first built the mill which has
ever since continued in that vicinity, and which for many
years went by his name. His death occurred in 1829. He
was twice married, first to Elizabeth Archer, and secondly to
Lucy Smith, and his children were James Powell, who mar-
ried Martha Ann Lewis, but died without children in 1811,
Smith, who died unmarried in 1835, Chastain, who also died
unmarried in 1838, Mary, the wife of Dr. Charles Carter, and
Martha, the second wife of V. W. Southall.

Charles Cocke, a nephew of the elder James P., came from
Southampton County in 1815, and bought from Rezin Porter
the farm about two miles west of Porter's Precinct, on which

170 HISTORY OF ALBHMARLE

he lived during his life, and which is now in the possession
of the Lane brothers. He was a physician, though it is be-
lieved he never practised in this county. He was an active
politician, and from 1822 to 1843 was at times a member of
the House of Delegates, and afterwards of the State Senate.
He was appointed a magistrate in 1819, and was serving as
Sheriff at the time the Constitution of 1850 became operative,
and the ofhce of Justice of the Peace was made elective. It
is said he sued the county for the salary which would have
accrued, had his term reached its usual end; but it is hardly
supposable the sovereign power of a popular convention could
not cut short any office. After some change in his politics,
he was defeated as a candidate, and at a Fourth of July din-
ner occurring shortly after, the circumstance gave rise to the
following toast: "Dr. Charles Cocke, of Albemarle, a dead
cock in the pit, killed in wheeling." His wife was Sarah
Taylor, and he had one daughter, Charlotte, who became the
wife of William Gordon, of Nelson.

The distinguished and eccentric General John H. Cocke,
of Fluvanna, though never a citizen of this county, was yet
much interested in its affairs through his connection with
the University. He was prominent among those who labored
for its establishment, and was one of its first Board of Visit-
ors He was an earnest promoter of the cause of Temper-
ance, and in his efforts to this end, especially to guard the
students from temptations to inebriety, he purchased nearly
fifty acres of land on the south side of the University Street,
extending from the corner near the Dry Bridge to the Junction
Depot, and built a large hotel in which no liquor was to be
allowed, and which he named the Delavan, from his eminent
friend and coadjutor in the cause, of Albany, N. Y. The
hotel had a wall in front, flanked with heavy pillars, and
covered with stucco stained with the tawny hue of the Albe-
marle clay; and from this peculiarity it acquired the popular
soubriquet of Mudwall. The hotel has long since gone, but
its site is occupied by the Delavan Colored Church; and to
this day there is a struggle for the pre-eminency between the
names of Delavan and Mudwall. The public-spirited scheme

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 171

of the good General was premature; like many other well-
laid plans of mice and men, it went agley.

Another person of the same name, prominent in the Green-
wood neighborhood, was John S. Cocke. He was settled in
that section as early as 1824, In 1827 he bought from Elijah
May the tavern which had been well known from the begin-
ning of the century under the conduct of Colonel Charles
Yancey and May, but which under Cocke's management
became still more widely celebrated for its admirable fare
among the throngs journeying to the Virginia Springs. As
in the case of many noted hostelries in the county, the advent
of the railroads destroyed his business. He was a magis-
trate under the old system, and was active in public affairs.
Pecuniary troubles overtook him in his old age, and his last
days were spent in Charlottesville, where he died in 1879.

In 1778 William Cole, a citizen of Charles City County,
purchased from John Jones upwards of a thousand acres in
North Garden, just north of Tom's Mountain. His wife
^ was Susanna Watseti, a sister it is believed of William
Watson, who settled in North Garden in 1762. His children
were William, John, Mary, the wife of Thomas Woolfolk,
Nancy, the wife of Edmund Anderson, Sarah, Susan, the
wife of Jasper Anderson, Richard, Joseph and Elizabeth,
the wife of Joseph H. Irvin. The most of the sons never
lived in the county, their father leaving them portions of his
large estate below Richmond. He devised to Joseph his
Albemarle land, on which he, his mother and sisters appear
to have had their dwelling. The father died in 1802, Joseph
in 1812, and his mother in 1814. In 1815 the land was sold,
part to Norborne K. Thomas & Co., of Richmond, and
part to Stephen Moore; a considerable portion of it subse-
quently came into the possession of Atwell and Philip Edge.
For many years after the estate had passed into the hands
of strangers, Miss Sarah Cole, whose residence was in Rich-
mond, was accustomed to pay annual visits to the old home,
where the remains of many of her kindred lay buried.

172 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

COLES.

The main body of the land on which the Coles family re-
sided, was granted to Francis Eppes in 1730, who received
a patent for six thousand, five hundred acres. He devised
it to his sons Richard and William. They sold three thou-
sand acres to John Coles, but their deed was never admitted
to record, because proved by only two witnesses. In 1777
Francis Eppes, son of Richard, with his wife Elizabeth, made
a conveyance of the tract to Mr. Coles, and acknowledged it
before Thomas Jefferson and George Gilmer as magistrates.

John Coles' father, John, came to this country from Ennis-
corthy, Ireland, and established himself in Hanover County,
Virginia, where he married Mary Winston. His children were
Walter, Sarah, Mary, the wife of John Payne, and mother of
Dorothy, President Madison's wife, John, and Isaac, who
lived in Halifax County, and was a member of Congress
from that district. John settled in Albemarle on the land
above mentioned. He married Rebecca E. Tucker, who
first drew the breath of life in the historic city of Jamestown.
His children were Walter, John, Isaac, Tucker, Edward,
Rebecca, the wife of Richard Singleton, of South Carolina,
Mary Eliza, the wife of Robert Carter, Sarah, the wife of
Andrew Stevenson, Elizabeth, and Emily, the wife of John
Rutherford, of Richmond. John Coles died in 1808, and his
wife in 1826.

Walter was a magistrate of the county, but soon resigned.
His home was at Woodville, the present residence of Charles
Shaw, where he died in 1854, at the age of eighty-two. He
married first Eliza, daughter of Bowler Cocke, of Turkey
Island, and secondly Sarah, daughter of John Swann, of
Powhatan. His children were Walter, who succeeded his
father at Woodville, who married Ann E. Carter, and who
was the father of Dr. Walter, of St. Louis, and of Sarah and
Elizabeth, still residing near the old home, and Edward^
who was given a farm about five miles south of Charlottes-
ville, which his father bought from William T. Henderson
in 1806, who married Letitia, daughter of Rezin Wheat, and
who died in 1883.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 173

John married Selina Skipwith, of Mecklenburg. His home
was Kstouteville, where he died in 1848. He left three sons,
John, who lived near Warren, Peyton, who married his
cousin Isaetta.and succeeded his father at Kstouteville, where
he died in 1887, and Tuck2r, who-se present residence is
Viewmont.

Isaac A. was a member of the Albemarle bar, for a time
President Jefferson's private secretary, and a member of the
House of Delegates. He lived at E)nniscorthy, married
Mrs. Julia Strieker Rankin, widow of Hon. Christopher
Rankin, of Ivouisiana, and had two children, Isaetta and
Strieker. He died in 1841 , and his wife in 1876. Tucker also
represented the county in the House of Delegates. He mar-
ried Helen Skipwith, of Mecklenburg, and died without
children at Tallwood in 1861.

Edward, the youngest son of John Coles, was the private
secretary of President Madison, sold the plantation on Rock-
fish River left him by his father, and in 1818 removed to Illi-
nois, carrying with him all his slaves, giving them their
freedom, and settling them by families on farms near Edwards-
ville. He was appointed by Mr. Monroe first Governor of the
Territory of Illinois, was elected its second Governor when
it became a State, and having made an earnest and success-
ful struggle against a party seeking to make it a slave State,
he removed to Philadelphia in 1832. He there married Sarah
L. Roberts, and died in 1868. He had three children, one of
whom, Roberts, came to Virginia, lived on the old Clarkson
farm on the south fork of Hardware, was a Captain in the
Confederate army, and fell on Roanoke Island in 1862. His
remains were brought for interment to the Coles cemetery at
Enniscorthy.

CRAVEN.

The parents of John H. Craven belonged to Bucks County,
Pennsylvania. He himself came to Albemarle from Loudoun
County in 1800; in that year he became a renter from
Mr. Jefferson of the land that now comprises the farm
of Tufton. The lease was evidently drawn by Mr. Jeffer-
son in the clear and exact language with which he

174 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

usually wrote, mentioning the fields each by its own name,
and the order of their crops, and providing for the pay-
ment of the rent in gold and silver, and the continuance
of the ratio between them at that time existing, even
though it might be changed by law during the term of the
lease. Before its expiration — it was to run for five years — Cra-
ven began to purchase land from Isaac Miller, and from Tucker
and Samuel H. Woodson, till he was the owner of more than
six hundred acres lying north and northwest of Charlottes-
ville. In 1819 he bought from Richard Sampson, Pen Park,
then containing four hundred acres, and two years later from
the same person nearly five hundred acres on the east side of
the Rivanna ; so that his possessions extended from the top
of Rich Mountain to Meadow Creek, opposite the present res-
idence of H. C. Michie. He owned the mill now known as
Cochran's, but then called the Park Mills. He was consid-
ered one of the best farmers of the county. After the death
of his first wife Elizabeth, he married Mary, widow of Julius
Clarkson, and daughter of Jesse L/Cwis. His children were
John D. , who married Jane Wills, George W., who married
Susan, daughter of Alexander St. C. Heiskell, William, who
married Ellen Craven, his cousin, removed to Illinois, and
died in Jacksonville in that State in 1868, Elizabeth, the
wife of Stapleton C. Sneed, Amanda, the wife of Malcolm F.
Crawford, and Sarah, the wife of Robert W. I^ewis. All
these were the parents of large families, and their descend-
ants have for the most part emigrated to other sections of the
country. The old home of John D. Craven on Rose Hill,
still occupied by his remaining children, is the only portion
of the great estate now belonging to the name. John H.
Craven died in 1845. <

DABNEY. ^ ^J^My\

In 1759 John Dabney, of Hanover, bought from Joel Ter-
rell and David I^ewis four hundred acres, and from Joel
Terrell four hundred more, which included the present Bird-
wood plantation, and the oldest tavern perhaps in all the
section, called at the time Terrell's Ordinary. . In 1764 Wil-
liam Dabney, a brother, purchased from Archibald Woods

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 175

four hundred acres on Mechum's River, above the Depot of
that name. John soon returned to Hanover. William sold
his place in 1768 to William Shelton, and John having died
in the meantime, his trustees sold his land in 1773, six hun-
dred acres of it to James Kerr, and the remainder to Robert
Anderson.

In 1803 William S. Dabney came to the county, and
bought from Wilson C. Nicholas nearly nine hundred acres
on the head waters of Ballenger's and Green Creeks, now in
the possession of Edward Coles. He died in 1813. His wife
was Sarah Watson, of Green Spring, Louisa, and his
children were Maria, the wife of Colonel Samuel Can, James,
Walter, William S., May Senora, the wife of Benjamin M.
Perkins, and Louisa, the wife of William M. Woods. Walter
removed to Arkansas. William S. succeeded his father in
the possession of the farm. He was a man of decided
efl&ciency and success, both in his private business and in
matters of public concern. He was appointed a magistrate
in 1835, and entrusted with many affairs of importance by
bis brethren of the county bench. His taste was relied on
as well as his judgment. In 1856 when improvements to the
courthouse were contemplated, a plan reported by him was
adopted, according to which the present enclosure and pave-
ments of the Square were made. In 1846 he purchased Dun-
lora. Colonel Samuel Carr's old place, whither he removed,
and where he died in 1865. He married Susan Gordon, and
his family had the unusual distinction of having two sons
occupy leading professorships in the University of Virginia,
William C. in the Medical Faculty and Walter in that of
Law.

Mildred, daughter of Samuel Dabney and his wife Jane
Meriwether, of Hanover, was the wife of Dr. Reuben Lewis,
brother of the celebrated explorer. She died at her home near
Ivy Depot in 1851.

DAVIS.

Isaac Davis in 1769 bought from the Webb family, of New
Kent County, eight hundred acres on the north fork of the
Rivanna, near Webb's Mountain. His deed for this land

176 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

was witnessed by the great orator, Patrick Henry, and was
probably drawn by him. He was one of the early magis-
trates of the county. Dr. George Gilmer in a letter to Mr.
Jefferson at the outbreak of the Revolution, refers to him;
mentioning his leading the Albemarle company to Williams-
burg, he speaks of old Isaac Davis marching at the head of
the troop, as an indication of the determined and zealous
spirit that animated the people. Many years were allotted
the old patriot after the close of the war, his death not
occurring till 1805. His children were William, Elizabeth,
the wife of Richard Durrett, Isaac, who married Harriet,
daughter of Garland Garth, and Robert.

John A. G. Davis came to Albemarle from Middlesex,
and engaged in the practice of law. In 1828 he was associ-
ated with Thomas W. Gilmer in the publication of the Vir-
ginia Advocate. In 1830 he was chosen to occupy the
professorship of I^aw in the University of Virginia, as the
successor of John T. I^omax. His death took place in 1840.
He married Mary Jane, daughter of Richard Terrell and his
wife Martha, who was the daughter of Dabney Carr and
Martha, sister of Mr. Jefferson. His children were Eugene,
Dr. John Staige, Rev. Dabney C. T., Rev. Richard T., and
Caryetta, wife of Robert C. Saunders.

DAWSON.

The name of Dawson has place in the records from the
beginning of the count}'. At the first meeting of the County
Court, Martin Dawson was appointed to appraise the estate
of Charles Blaney in the vicinity of the Cove. In 1747 he
patented three hundred acres on Buck Island, which he sold
in 1761 to John Burrus. He lived on Ballenger's Creek, and
was no doubt the father of Rev. Martin Dawson, one of the
earliest Baptist preachers of Albemarle. The son com-
menced preaching during the Revolutionary War, and as soon
as the statute of religious freedom was passed, giving to
non- Episcopal ministers a license to solemnize the rite of
marriage, he was greatly in demand in this respect as well
as in the pulpit. He supplied the Baptist churches through-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 177

out the county, but his labors were chiefly given to the

Totier Church, which was commonly called by his name.

His home was on a farm of more than five hundred acres,

which lay southeast of Hughes's Shop, and there he finished

his earthly course in 1821. His wife's name was Elizabeth,

and of his twelve children, Martin, the eldest, removed to

Gallia County, Ohio, John in 1812 to Mississippi Territory,

and Elijah, who married Martha, daughter of Benajah Gentry,

to Missouri. Another son, Allen, married Lucy, daughter

of Christopher Wingfield, and was for a number of years a

citizen of Charlottesville, a magistrate, clerk of the town

trustees, and deputy Suveyor of the county. He also taught

school, first on his farm four or five miles south of town,

and afterwards at his house on Main Street near east Third

>

which from his institution, and the Female Seminary, being
located thereon, received its former name of School Street-
Notwithstanding his multifarious occupations, he was un-
successful. Accumulated debts constrained the sale of his
property piece by piece, till all was gone. A daughter of
Rev. Martin, Elizabeth, was the wife of Reuben Elsom, who
lived in the southern part of the county.

As early as 1757, John Dawson, whose wife was Sarah
Carroll, was living on the waters of Carroll Creek. Did he
remove to Amherst, now Nelson, and was he the father of
Martin, the well known merchant of Milton? Certain it is,
that Martin's father was named John, that his place was in
Nelson, not far from Faber's Mills, and that he was the
brother of Rev. Martin's father. Martin was one of nine
children. He established himself in Milton shortly after it
was founded, at first apparently connected with Brown, Rives
& Co.; and he continued to be associated with the village,
until its business was wholly absorbed by Charlottesville
and Scottsville. By his diligence, thrift and good judgment,
he amassed a considerable fortune. About 182 2 he purchased
Bellair on the north side of Hardware below Carter's Bridge,
which had before belonged to Charles Wingfield Jr., and
there he made his residence until his death in 1835. He
—12

178 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

left a will so elaborately indited, that it was twice taken
before the Court of Appeals for construction. In his desire
to promote popular education, he directed that an academy-
should be established at each of the three places, Milton,
Bellair, and his father's old homestead in Nelson ; that suit-
able buildings should be erected both for teachers and
scholars; and that their advantages should be assigned in
the first place to the boys of Albemarle and Nelson Having
a premonition that these provisions might be adjudged
invalid, he directed that in case they were set aside, his
property at the places mentioned should be sold, the pro-
ceeds transferred to the lyiterary Fund of the State, and the
interest devoted to the cause of education in the two counties
specified. The latter bequest was approved by the judg-
ment of the Court. He also prescribed the enclosing of ten
acres at the old homestead in Nelson as a family burial place ,
where he enjoined his own remains to be interred. Besides
his private business, he was much employed in that of the
county. He was appointed a magistrate in 1806, and fre-
quently occupied a seat on the bench of the County Court.
He never married.

A brother, Pleasant Dawson, was the owner of nearly
fifteen hundred acres on the lower Hardware. He was
engaged in milling operations, in the prosecution of which
he was involved in a long litigation with Littlebury Moon,
He died unmarried in 1826. A sister, Nancy, was the wife
of Rev. Hugh White, a Baptist minister, who was for a time
a lot holder both in Charlottesville and Milton.

Another brother was John S. Dawson, the father of seven
children, some of whose representatives are at present resi-
dents of the county. His son, Benjamin, married Dorothy
Childress, and of their children Benjamin H. lives at the
western foot of Still House Mountain, and Andrew, and
Agnes, the wife of Peter Turner, about two miles south of
Porter's Precinct. Another son of John S , was Pleasant L, . ,
whose daughter Jane, the wife of Dr. Isaac F. Forbes,
recently died in Charlottesville, at the house of her son-in-
law, Harrison Robertson, and whose son, John L,., still

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 179

lives on the lower Hardware, where he has long and use-
fully discharged the ofi5ce of Justice of the Peace. Pleasant's
widow, Mahala, survives in the enjoyment of a green old
age, and forms a link between this and former generations.

DEDMAN.

Samuel Dedman came to Albemarle from Louisa in 1768.
He settled in the Ragged Mountains, about a mile below
the Reservoir, where he purchased two hundred acres from
William T. Lewis. He died in 1800. He and his wife
Mary had a large family, John, Samuel, Richmond, Bart-
lett, Nathan, who married Elizabeth, daughter of William
Gooch, and from whom are descended Rev. Neander Woods,
of Memphis, and Rev. William H. Woods, of Baltimore,
Dixon, Sarah, the second wife of John Everett, Susan, Nancy,
the wife of Moses Clack, and Mary, the wife of John Simms.
They all eventually emigrated to the West, some to south-
west Virginia, and others to Kentucky. Bartlett lived for a
few years in Charlottesville. He built a dwelling on a lot
he purchased from John Nicholas at the foot of Fourth
Street east, which he sold in 1801 to William Waller Hening.
Dixon was the last to remain in the county. He succeeded
to the property below the Reservoir. He was twice married,
first to Sarah, daughter of John Buster, and secondly to
Sarah Drumheller. He finally sold out about 1828, and
went West.

DICKERSON.

John Dickerson was settled in the north part of the county,
while yet it belonged to Louisa. He lived on the north fork
of the Rivanna, not far from Piney Mountain. He died in
1788. He and his wife Mary had three sons, John, William
and Thomas. Thomas died in 1807. His wife's name was
Mildred, and his children were Frances, the wife of Rev.
John Goodman, the wife of William Thurman, the wife of
John Crossthwait, Thomas, Wiley, who married Nancy,
daughter of Rev. Jacob Watts, Griffith and Lucy. Another
Wiley, son of one of the other brothers, married in 1789
Mary, daughter of John Carr. He died in 1847. His chil-

180 HISTORY OF ALBEIVIARI.E

dren were William, Willis, Malinda, the wife of George W.
Turpin, Martha, the wife of Richard Sitnms Brockman, the
wife of B. C. Johnson, Mary, the wife of Klisha Thurman,
and Sarah, the wife of Archibald Duke.

DOLLINS.

The family of DoUins has been established in the county
from early times. The first of the name was Richard, who
in 1761 bought land on the head waters of Mechum's River,
and a few years later purchased from the Stockton family on
Virgin Spring Branch. He died in 1774. His wife's name
was Elizabeth, and his children were Ann, Presley, John and
William. John died in 1787. He and his wife Elizabeth had
six children, one of whom was John, who died in 1823, leav-
ing five sons and one daughter, John, Tyree, Richard, Jere-
miah, William, and Susan, who was the wife of a Poison.
Of this family, Jeremiah married a daughter of Nicholas Mer-
ritt, and died in 1856. Hischildren were Tyree, Martha, the
wife of William lyupton, John, Nicholas, Mary Ann, the wife
of a Rogers, and Sarah, the wife of a Baber. Some of the
earliest nurseries in the county were planted by members of
this family, and on this account the name is well known in
connection with the cultivation of fruit.

DOUGLASS.

A family of Douglass was living in the Cove neighborhood
as early as 1751, two of which were James and George,
probably brothers. They were among the first members of
the Cove Presbyterian Church. George died in 1785.

Three brothers named Douglass resided in the north part
of the county in 1761, Charles, Thomas and John. Their
farms were situated on the Barboursville Road near the Or-
ange line. Charles married a daughter of Robert and Mourn-
ing Adams, and died in 1823. His children were Robert and
Charles, to whom he gave lands he owned in Kentucky, and
who removed to that State, Ann, the wife of Joseph Timber -
lake, Judith, the wife of John Dickerson, and Sarah.
Thomas died in 1830, leaving four children, James, Achilles,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 181

Nancy and John. Achilles was appointed a magistrate in
1796, and acted a prominent part in the affairs of the county.
He served as Sheriff in 1823. He married Nancy, daughter
of Jason Bowcock, and died in 1844. His home the latter
part of his life was on the north fork of Priddy's Creek, near
the present station of Burnley's. John Douglass Jr. , married
Mildred Bowcock, a sister of Achilles's wife.

DOWELL.

John Dowell was one of the pioneers who broke the virgin
soil of the county. He obtained a patent for four hundred
acres on Priddy's Creek in 1738, and up to 1759 had received
grants of more than a thousand acres in that section. He
died, it is believed, sometime during the Revolutionary War.
He left at least four sons, John, who died in 1794, William,
who died in 1795, Ambrose, and Thomas, who died in 1815.
All had large families, and from them are descended those
who still bear the name in the county, besides others who
removed to different parts of the West.

DUKE.

James Duke, of Henrico, was the owner of two hundred
acres on Beaver Creek, in which he probably became inter-
ested through his kinsman James Burnley, both of whom
were descended from the Englishman, John Burnley, before
referred to. He and his wife Mary disposed of this land in
1795 to George West. Cleviers Duke, of Louisa, also
descended from John Burnley, had two sons Richard and
James, who were settled in Albemarle. In 1806 Richard
married Maria, daughter of Thomas Walker Jr. In 1821 he
purchased from M. L. Walker and John Wren the Rivanna
Mills, afterwards known as the Burnt Mills, which they and
G. G. I/indsay had bought from Dabney Minor in 1819. He
was appointed a magistrate in 1819, served as Sheriff in 1847,
and died at Morea in 1849. His children were William J.,
who married Emily Anderson, Lucy, who was the wife of
David Wood, and with him removed to west Tennessee, where
she was married secondly to John H. Bills, Mary J., the wife

182 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

of William T. Smith, Mildred, the wife of Christopher Gilmer,
Sarah, the wife of Harvey Deskins, Martha, Margaret, the
wife of Robert Rodes, Charles and Richard T. W. R. T.
W. married Elizabeth Eskridge, of Staunton, taught school
in Lewisburg, W. Va., was admitted to Albemarle bar in
1849, filled the ofl&ce of Commonwealth's Attorney three
times, represented the county in the House of Delegates, was
a member of Congress, was Colonel of the Forty-Sixth Vir-
ginia in the civil war, and died in 1898.

James, the brother of Richard, was associated w'th him in
the management of the Rivanna Mills. In 1832 he purchased
from James McCuUoch the brick mill and store located at
Millington. Subsequently he established a mill on Rocky
Creek, where he spent his remaining days. He was
appointed to the county bench in 1838, and departed this life
in 1844. His wife was Miss Biggers, of lyouisa, and his
children were Richard, who removed to Nelson County,
Horace, who removed to Mississippi, Charlotte, the wife of
Dr William G. Carr, and Lucy, the wife of Thomas Ballard.
A daughter of Richard became the wife of John Cole, and
resides where her grandfather died. ^

Alexander Duke, of Hanover, in 1835 married Elizabeth,
daughter of Alexander Garrett. For some years he was con-
nected with Rev. Pike Powers, and afterwards with Charles
Slaughter, in conducting a high school at Midway. He was
the father of Mrs. Horace Jones.

DUNKUM.

Two brothers named Dunkum lived on the Carter's Bridge
Road south of Charlottesville, in the early part of the century,
and both were efl&cient and prosperous farmers. William,
who resided nearer town at the place lately occupied by Lord
Pelham-Clinton, and now by Mr. Harbottle, began his pur-
chase of land in 1803, and continued it until his plantation,
comprised nearly a thousand acres. In 1837 he conveyed to
Lewis Teel, Robert Gentry and Jeremiah A. Goodman the
land on which stood the Piney Grove Baptist Church. He
died in 1846. His wife was Frances Gentry, and his chil-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE fj 183

dren were Mary Ann, the wife of lycwis Sowell, William L,.,
Chesley, James T. , Frances, the wife of Jesse I,. Fry, Kliza-
beth, the wife of Philip Kdge, Martha, the wife of John H.
Barksdale, Susan, the wife of J. Ralls Abell, and Elijah, who
married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Ficklin, and built
the large brick house on Ridge Street long occupied by the
late Dr. R. B. Dice.

John Dunkum lived about a mile south of his brother, where
he settled in 1807. His lands were in extent but little short
of those of William. He died in 1855. He married Eliza-
beth, daughter of Marshall Durrett, and his children were
James, Martha, the wife of William Pitts, Mary, the wife of
Chester Bullard, Elizabeth, Jane, and Sarah Ann, the first
wife of Philip Edge.

DURRETT.

The name of Durrett was connected with the territory of
Albemarle, while it was yet a part of Hanover. In 1737 Bar-
tholomew Durrett patented nearly three hundred acres on
Priddy's Creek, and the next year Richard patented three
hundred in the same section. A genealogical chart of the
Terrells in the possession of Gen. W. H. H. Terrell, of In-
dianapolis, states that Abigail, daughter of Henry Terrell and
Ann Chiles, of Caroline, was married to Colonel Durrett, of
Albemarle. If this refers to Colonel Richard, she must have
been a first wife. According to the records, the name of
Richard's wife was Sarah. He passed his days on Priddy's
Creek, and died in 1784. His children were Richard, Eliza-
beth, the wife of Jacob Watts, Ann, the wife of Robert San-
ford, Frances, the wife of Frederick William Wills, Agatha,
the wife of William Flint, Mildred, the wife of a Williams,
the wife of Stephen K. Smith, and the wife of a Burrus.

Richard the younger, James Douglass and others bought
parts of a large tract of land on Priddy's Creek, which had
belonged to Roger Dixon. Dixon in 1766 had encumbered it
with a deed of trust for the benefit of James Harford, an
English merchant; and when the purchasers bought, they
perhaps regarded themselves safe under the acts of the Leg-
islature barring the debts of British creditors. But Harford

184 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

brought suit against the claimants in the United States Court,
and about 1809 recovered judgment, so that they were obliged
to pay again for their shares. Durrett's share amounted to
five hundred and fifty acres. In 1772 he began purchasing
the tract adjoining Earlysville, on which he resided the
remainder of his life. He died in 1820. His wife was Eliza-
beth, daughter of Isaac Davis, and his children John D.,
Isaac W., Thomas, Davis, Robert D., Mildred, the wife of
James Simms, Susan, the wife of Thomas Garth, Elizabeth,
the wife of James Watts, Sarah, the wife of John Early, and
Frances, the wife of Archibald Buckner. John D. married
Frances Davis, and his children were Matilda, the wife of Wil-
liam Catterton, Thomas, who married Emily Wood, Frances,
Elizabeth, the wife of Daniel P. Key, Sarah, Isaac, and Rich-
ard W., who married lyucy Twyman. Thomas married
Frances Simms, and his son Thomas married Mary, daughter
of James Early, and was the father of Dr. James T. , and
Frank, Robert D. married Elizabeth Price.

Two brothers of this name became residents of the Bates -
ville district the latter part of the last century. They came
from Caroline, and were no doubt of the same stock with
those just mentioned, though it seems impossible now to
trace the relationship. Marshall Durrett in 1783 purchased
from Robert Terrell nearly four hundred acres on the head
waters of Mechum's River, where he was living at the time;
and as the land he bought was part of that entered by Henry
Terrell, of Caroline, the Abigail Terrell already alluded to
may have been his first wife. In 1803 he purchased from
Robert Boiling in the North Garden, whither he removed and
resided until his death in 1834. He was appointed a magis-
trate in 1796, and served as Sheriff in 1819, succeeding
Charles Wingfield Jr., who at the time of his death had occu-
pied the ofiice but a month. Marshall's wife was Dorothy,
daughter of John Digges, of Nelson, and his children Sarah,
the wife of Robert Field, Richard, Rice, Marcus, Silas, Ben-
jamin, Paul, Ann, the wife of William Morris, and afterwards
of John D. Rodes, Elizabeth, the wife of John Dunkum, and
John. Marcus succeeded his father in the home in North

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 185

Garden, He was also a magistrate, one of the last set
appointed under the old Constitution. He married Sarah
Ann, daughter of H. Carter Moore, and died in 1878.

James Durrett, the brother of Marshall, in 1799 purchased
land of John Epperson, where he resided until his death in
1822. His place was the same afterwards owned by C. W.
Purcell, of Richmond, Alton Park. He married Nancy
Digges, a sister of his brother's wife, and his children were
Frances, the wife of Richard Richardson, Sarah, the wife of
Horsley Goodman, William, Mildred, the wife of William
Bumgardner, Elizabeth, the wife of William McClunn, Nancy,
the wife of Colston Heiskell, who removed to Philadelphia,
James, who married Susan Goodman, John, who married
Mary Diggs, and Richard, who married Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of William Piper. Many of the descendants of these
brothers removed to Kentucky and Missouri.

DYER.

Samuel Dyer appeared before the Albemarle Circuit Court
in October, 1835, to apply for a pension as a Revolutionary
soldier. He then stated that he was born October 8th, 1756,
and was in his eightieth year. His first purchase of land
was made in 1787 from Thomas Staples, consisting of five
hundred acres, and extending from Hudson's Creek to Totier,
in all likelihood embracing his home. Plain Dealing, where
he lived and died. His store, a well known place of business
in those days, was situated at the junction of the roads from
Staunton and Charlottesville to Scott's lyanding. He was so
successful in his mercantile pursuits, that he soon became the
owner of more than twenty-two hundred acres. He estab-
lished extensive milling operations at Glendower. He was
much employed in public business, being appointed on
account of his integrity and sound judgment largely to
superintend matters of general concern in his section of the
county. He finished his earthly course in 1840, aged eighty -
four, and his venerable partner, whose name was Celia
Bickley, died the same year.

Their family consisted of eleven children, William H.

186 IIISTOkY OF ALBEMARLE

who was appointed a magistrate in 1824, Ann, the wife of
George Robertson, Elizabeth, the wife of George M. Payne,
John, Thomas, Mary Jane, the wife of George A. Nicholson,
Martha, the wife of Joseph S. Watkins, Samuel, Francis B.,
Robert and Sarah. Daring the decade of 1830 most of the
children emigrated to Missouri. Francis was one who re-
mained. For a number of years he was a prominent member
of the Albemarle bar. He built the brick house and office
on Kast Jefferson and Seventh Streets, now occupied by
Major Horace Jones. Obliged by business misfortune, in-
duced perhaps by extravagant living, to surrender this prop-
erty, he removed to the house on Park Street, the present
residence of Drury Wood, where he died in 1838. Many
now living remember him as a man of genial disposition
and great corpulence; yet withal he was captain of an artil-
lery company (with John Eubank as orderly sergeant) which
drilled annually at Old's Forge on the north fork of Hard-
ware. He married Sarah White, of Staunton, and was the
father of five children, one of whom, Celia, was the wife of
William P. Staples, of Richmond.

EADES.

A family named Eades were among the early settlers in the
southern part of the county. Abraham Eades patented land
on Ballenger's Creek in 1751. In 1758 Joseph gave to his
sons, Thomas and John, one hundred and fifty acres on
Totier, and the next year Jacob sold three hundred acres on
Totier to Rev. John Ramsey, recior of St. Anne's . It is likely
Abraham, Joseph and Jacob were brothers. The two latter
disappear from the records, and they, or their families, prob-
ably fell in with the tide of emigration that bore away such
numbers to the West. Abraham, a son of Abraham, was
for many years in the early part of the century, engaged in
the inspection of tobacco in the Nicholas Warehouse at War-
ren. He died in 1828. His family were Joseph, Mildred,
the wife of a Shepherd, Abraham, Susan, Charlotte, and
Sarah, the wife of Richard Chandler. Shepherd Eades, a
son of one of this family, married Mary, daughter of Benja-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 187

min Norvell, and died in 1848. He left a son Shepherd, and
three daughters, Mary Ann, the wife of a Starke, Charlotte,
the wife of a Turner, and Sarah, the wife of a Venable.

EARLY.

The name of Early is first mentioned in the records in
1790, when Joel, executor of Jeremiah Early, purchased
from Charles Hammond three hundred acres on the Rivanna
in the Burnt Mills neighborhood, which had formerly be-
longed to Walter Carr. It is probable these persons were
citizens of Orange. In 1809 James Early, certainly from
Orange, bought eighteen hundred and ninety -four acres on
Buck Mountain Creek from the representatives of Major
Henry Burke, who had been a magistrate of the county, and
Major in the Eighty-Eighth Regiment, and who died in 1803,
The children of James Early and his wife Elizabeth, were
John, James, Joab, William, Lucy, the wife of James Simms,
Theodosia, the wife of George Stevens, and Elizabeth, the
wife of Thomas Chapman.

John Early in 1822 bought from the executors of Richard
Durrett nearly a thousand acres lying between the Buck
Mountain Road and Jacob's Run. From him the village of
Earlysville derived its name, and in 1833 he gave to Thomas
Lane, David Thompson and Henry Marshall the ground on
which its church was built. He was twice married, first to
Sarah, daughter of Richard Durrett, and secondly to Mrs.
Margaret Allen Timberlake. He died 1833. His children
were James T., Isaac Davis, Susan, Elizabeth, the wife of
Edward Ferneyhough, Amanda, the wife of Joshua Jackson,
Mildred, the wife of Richard Wingfield, Thomas, Frances,
Joseph, Jeremiah A. and William. James, son of James,
married Sarah Carr, and among his children were John F.
Early, who some twenty years ago opened a female Seminary
in the Shackelford house on High Street, and afterwards
removed to Texas, Mary, the wife of Thomas Durrett, and
Frances, the wife of Isaac Davis, and mother of Mrs. W. R.
Burnley. Joab married Eliz;abeth Thompson, and his chil-
dren were William T., well remembered by many as Buck

188 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Karly, and James and Nathaniel, of Greene County. Wil-
liam, son of James, married Sarah Graves, and his children
were William L,., of Madison, and Thomas J., who married
Caroline, daughter of the elder Drury Wood.

EUBANK.

Families of the Eubank name have lived along the south
fork of Hardware from the earliest times. They sprang
from two brothers, George and John. It is believed they
came from Orange County. In 1758 George bought from
James Ireland three hundred acres on Beaverdam, not far
from the present Soapstone Quarries. The next year John
purchased from Matthew Jordan in the same vicinity. The
year after the organization of the county, 1746, a John Eu-
bank obtained a grant of nearly three hundred acres on
Rocky Creek, in its northwest section ; it is possible he was
the same person as the one just mentioned.

John died in 1789. His wife's name was Hannah, and
his children were John, James, William, Nancy, Elizabeth
and Sarah, who were both married to brothers named For-
tune, a family that lived in the same neighborhood, and
!^rances, the wife of a Gilmer. George died in 1802. He
and his wife Mary had six children, John, Elizabeth, George,
Frances, the wife of her cousin, John Eubank, Nancy, the
wife of David Watson, and Mary, the wife of Richard Hazel-
rig. George also brought up two orphan children, Nelson
and Sarah Key, whom he committed to the care of his
daughter Frances and her husband, and for whose subse-
quent welfare he made special provision. His two sons,
John and George, had each twelve children.

The Eubanks appear to have been quiet, industrious
farmers, fairly prosperous in their worldly affairs. The
family particularly marked for its energy and success was
that of James, son of John. He married Mildred Melton,
and had five sons and three daughters. He died in 1821,
leaving a considerable estate. Two of his sons, John and
George W., took advantage of the opening of the Staunton
and James River Turnpike, established taverns on the road.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 189

and for many years did a large business in the entertain-
ment of those transporting the vast amount of produce at
that time passing between the Valley and Scottsville. George
married his cousin, Winifred Eubank, and had eight children.
He died in 1841. John married Sarah Strange, and died
without children in 1854. Emigration to the West has taken
many from the different branches of this family, so that
comparatively few of the name remain now in the county.

EVERETT.

John Everett was the first of the name to appear in the
county. At one time be lived on the waters of Moore's Creek,
on the place adjoining the old Lewis place, the present Bird -
wood. This place he purchased from John Spencer in 1781,
and in 1788 sold it, and removed to a farm near the Cross
Roads, which he bought from Joseph Claybrook. His sec-
ond home was what is still known in the neighborhood as
the old Methodist Parsonage. Here he laid out a town about
the beginning of the century, called Traveller's Grove, but
it never advanced beyond the sale of three or four lots.
When the prospects of the town had lost their roseate hue,
the Colonel, as he was known, changed the name to Pleas-
ant Grove, and under this designation conducted a tavern
for some years. He was somev/hat of a sporting character,
raised fine horses, and had a training track on his place.
He was twice married, first to Sarah, daughter of Tarleton
Woodson, and secondly to Sarah, daughter of Samuel Ded-
man. In 1807 he disposed of his property, and removed to
Cabell County.

Dr. Charles Everett was established in Charlottesville as
one of its physicians as early as 1804, when he purchased from
Tucker M. Woodson the part of Lot Fifty-Nine fronting on
High Street. Two years later he bought from Reuben Burn-
ley the two lots opposite, Seventy-Three and Seventy-Four,
where he had his office and stable ; this property he sold to Dr.
Charles Brown in 1814. It is probable however that before
the last date he had removed to Belmont near Keswick, which
he made his subsequent residence during life ; having bought

190 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

from John Rogers six hundred and thirty-six acres in 1811. It
was not till 1821 he became the ov/ner of the place adjoining
on the south, which has since been known by the name
of Everettsville ; this tract of four hundred acres he purchased
from Mr. Jefferson, whose father had obtained a patent for it
in 1756. The Doctor, besides being actively engaged in the
practice of his profession, devoted much attention to the pub-
lic affairs of the county, and to politics. He was appointed
a magistrate in 1807, and represented the county for several
terms in the House of Delegates. He never married, and
died in 1848, by his will emancipating his servants, and
devising his estate to his nephew. Dr. Charles D. Kverett.
Not long before the war a person named Thorn, from Mercer
County, Pennsylvania, presented to the Circuit Court a certifi-
cate of his appointment as Guardian of some of the Doctor's
old servants, and applied for the legacies he had left for
their benefit.

FAGG.

John Fagg was a Revolutionary soldier, and in the early
years of the century was a tavern keeper in Charlottesville.
In 1818 he bought from William Garth a part of the old
Barracks place, which he called Barrack Grove, and which
is now the residence of Mrs. Garland A. Garth. There he
lived until his death in 1829, at the advanced age of ninety-
two years.

A son William married Nancy, daughter of John Alphin
and removed to Blount County, Tennessee. From that place
he sold in 1834 his wife's share of her father's estate to Jesse
I^ewis. John, another son, married Elizabeth, daughter of
Jacob Oglesby, and was associated with his father-in-law as
Inspector in Henderson's and Randolph's Tobacco Ware-
houses. He afterwards conducted a store in Milton, as late
as 1834. It is related of him, that in the fall of 1833,
when the memorable storm of star- falling occurred, he was
with a number of others beyond the Valley on a hunting
expedition. While the meteoric phenomenon was in progress,
some of the servants, who had risen early in discharge of
their duties, rushed terror-stricken into the camp to arouse

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE l9l

the sleeping hunters. All started at once to observe the
scene, some with the interest of curiosity, others in mortal
dread that the day of judgment had come — all except Fagg.
He clung to his blankets, involuntarily, it was believed,
because of too abundant potations the night before ; and
when appealed to by the cries and vivid descriptions of his
friends, he exclaimed, "Oh boys, that's nothing. Why, I see
that every morning when I'm at home; the fact is, you
might see it too, if you weren't too lazy to get up." In 1836
he sold Barrack Grove to Garland Garth, and probably went
to join his relatives in the South West.

PARISH.

William P. Farish came to Albemarle from Caroline about
1820. He is mentioned in 1823 as a manager for Charles L.
Bankhead. In subsequent years he was engaged in superin-
tending the affairs of John N. C. Stockton. In 1834 he pur-
chased from John M. Perry six hundred acres on the south
fork of the Rivanna below Hydraulic Mills, and the same
year sold to William H. Meriwether the tract on which
Meriwether erected the Rio Mills. He bought in 1837 from
Ira Garrett the plantation south of-Charlottesville, now in the
possession of Rev. J. T. Randolph, on which he subsequently
resided until his death. After the demise of Mr. Stockton in
1837, he was appointed the administrator of his estate, and
in the years following sold off his large possessions, except
Carrsbrook, which was reserved for his family. He also had
the direction of the Stage lines which Stockton controlled.
In 1845 the firm of Farish & Co. was formed, by which the
Stage property was bought and managed for many years.
The firm consisted of W. P. Farish, Dr. O. B. Brown, of
Washington City, Slaughter W. Ficklin and John S. Cocke.
About this time Mr. Farish entered the ministry of the Bap-
tist Church. He died in 1869. His wife was Mellicent
Laughlin, and his children Thomas L., and Ann, the wife of
Rev. J. T. Randolph.

Stephen M. Farish was a brother of William P., and prob-
ably came to the county before him. He was for a time a

192 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLR

resident of Milton, and afterwards lived in the vicinity of
Earlysville. He was twice married, and his children were
Susan, Andrew J. and William.

In 1823 Hazelwood Farish sold to Thomas Poindexter Jr.,
the stock and equipment of a Stage line running through
Charlottesville.

FARRAR.

John Farrar lived in the southwest part of the county, and
died in 1769. His children were Perrin, Catharine Jopling, '(1
Sarah Spencer, William, Peter, Thomas, Elizabeth and Rich-\^
ard. Perrin, William, Peter and Richard were all owners of-,-^^
land on Green and Ivy Creeks, branches of the lower Rock-
fish, Perrin died about 1793, leaving eight children who re-
moved to Amherst.

Richard married Susan Shelton, of Louisa, and died in
1807. He was a ruling elder in the Cove Church, His
children were Joseph, Landon, John S., lyucinda, the wife of
Samuel L. Wharton, Elizabeth, the wife of George Wharton,
both of whom emigrated to Davidson County, Tennessee, and
Sophia, the wife of Dr. Samuel lycake, and mother of Hon.
Shelton F. Leake. John S. was appointed Colonel of the
Forty-Seventh Regiment in 1815. He died in 1832, and left
nine children, Richard L., Matthew G., Elizabeth, Martha,
Marcellus, Sarah, the v/ife of Alexander K. Yancey, Sophia,
the wife of George W. Piper, Lavinia and Susan,

FICKLIN.

Benjamin Ficklin became a citizen of Albemarle about 1814,
and is described in one place as being from Frederick County,
and in another from Culpeper. Either then, or shortly after,
he entered the Baptist ministry. He purchased in the west-
ern part of the county upwards of thirteen hundred acres,
and his residence for twenty years, called Pleasant Green,
was the place adjoining Crozet on the west, now occupied by
Abraham Wayland. He was appointed to a seat on the
county bench in 1819. In 1822 he proposed to sell his lands
with the design of removing to Ohio or Indiana, This pur-
pose however was abandoned, and in 1832 he removed to

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 193

Charlottesville where for a number of years he was engaged
in the manufacture of tobacco.

He was noted for his uprightness and decision of character.
At the time of his removal to Charlottesville, the state of
things in the town, morally and religiously, was far from
being unexceptionable. In a clandestine manner, most of the
stores did more business on Sunday than on other days.
The negroes came in in large numbers for purposes of traflSc.
Great quantities of liquor were sold. In the later hours of
that day, the roads leading from town were lined with men
and women in all stages of drunkenness, some staggering
with difficulty, others lying helplessly by the wayside, Mr.
Ficklin set himself vigorously to remedy these evils. He
warned the merchants that every violation of the Sunday
law should be visited with the highest penalty. A similar
warning was given to the negroes ; and by the lively applica-
tion of the lash to those who neglected it, the town and roads
were soon cleared of transgressors. Sabbath observance put
on a new face. The comfort of worshippers, and the general
order of the community, were vastly promoted. So impar-
tial was the old man in the execution of his duty, that when
one of his own wagons, sent out to sell tobacco, trespassed
upon the sacred hours in reaching home, he imposed a fine
upon himself. It is said, that a member of the bar remon-
strated with him on what he considered his excessive zeal,
and stated by way of illustration, that in the preparation of
his cases he had often been obliged to work on Sunday;
whereupon Mr. Ficklin at once fined him on his own confes-
sion. Altogether the whole county was laid under many
obligations to his courage, efficiency, and public spirit.

His last years were overclouded by business reverses. He
closed his earthly career during the war, in the last days of
1864. His wife's name was Eleanor, and his children were
Slaughter W. , Benjamin F., who was one of the last Stage
proprietors in the country, Kllen, the wife of a Brown,
Susan, the wife of J. R. Hardesty, Elizabeth, the wife of
Elijah Dunkum, and Lucy, the first wife of Fontaine D.
Brockman.
—13

194 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

FIELD.

For many years before the end of the last century, and in
the early part of the present, the name of Field was a
familiar one in the vicinity of Batesville. The family head
was Robert, who began to purchase land in that section in
1766. From small beginnings he rose gradually, till he ac-
quired a considerable estate. He died in 1824. He was twice
married, and raised a family of ten children, Mary, the wife
of a Garland, Elizabeth, the wife of John Mills, Sarah, the
first wife of Charles Yancey, Jane, the wife of Thomas
Grayson, John, Robert, Ralph, Joseph, Susan, the wife of
Nelson Moss, and Nancy, the wife of William Wood.

Three of the brothers married sisters, daughters of the
elder Jesse Wood, John being united to Sarah, Ralph to
Mildred, and Joseph to Elmira. Joseph died before his
father, leaving two sons, William and Joseph. His widow
afterwards became the wife of John Robinson. Robert led
the way in emigrating first to Kentucky, and subsequently to
Missouri, and was ultimately followed by most of the
family; by all indeed bearing the name. John's home was
east of Batesville, where Mrs. William H. Harris resides.
Here he kept for many years a well known public house.
In 1807 he conveyed to Marshall Durrett, James Wood,
Charles Massie, Jonathan Barksdale, Oliver Cleveland,
Thomas Massie, Henry Emerson, William Wood Sr., and
John Wood, son of Isaac, ground for the old Mount Ed
Church, on the south side of the public road, and on the top
of the hill between Whitesides Creek and Captain White's,
His son, bearing his name, was a druggist in Charlottesville,
doing business on the public square under the firm of Field
& Goss. In 1831 the father sold his place to Isaac White,
and all the family joined their kindred in the West.

FITCH.

In 1759 William Daniel Fitch bought land on the east
side of the South West Mountain, near Hammock's Gap,
w here he seems to have had his home. He died in 1814
His family consisted of twelve children, only two of whom

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 195

were sons, John, who died before his father, and William D.
The latter was one of the early and leading inhabitants of
Milton. He maintained his interests there, until the place
was completely shorn of its prestige and trade. While its
flourishing days lasted, he was an Inspector of tobacco in
Henderson's Warehouse, and the proprietor of a public house.
About 1829 he removed to Charlottesville, and took charge of
the Eagle Tavern. This property he purchased in 1833.
He continued to be engaged in its management during the
remainder of his life. His death occurred in 1848. He
married Mary Bernard, who survived him twenty years.
This worthy couple, though without children of their own,
exercised the kindly care of parents over many of their
nieces and nephews.

FRETWELL.

The first Fretwell appearing on the records was William,
who in 1776 bought part of the Sumter land near Piney
Mountain. It is conjectured his wife was a Crenshaw, as his
eldest son bore that name. He died in 1822. His children
were Crenshaw, John, Thomas, William, Susan, believed to
have been the first wife of Elijah Garth, and the wife of
Kendall Sebree. At the time of his death Thomas, William
and Susan had already departed this life.

Crenshaw lived on the waters of Ivy Creek, not far from
Garth's Mill. This place he and his wife Sarah sold to Dr.
Charles Brown in 1822. A protracted litigation in which he
was concerned, in connection with the old Draffen tract of
land in the same neighborhood, was finally settled by the
Court of Appeals in 1831. As no subsequent mention of
him is found, it is supposed he removed from the county.
John married Mildred, daughter of Thomas Garth Sr. His
home was on the western side of the Garth plantation, on
the Whitehall Road. He died in 1837. His children were
Emily, the wife of Mortimer Gaines, Lucy, the wife of Sam-
uel Kennerly, Susan, William G., Frances, Selina and John
T. William G. married Emeline, daughter of Thomas H.
Brown, and his children were John T., Susan and Lucy
Elizabeth. John T., son of John, married Nannie A. ,

196 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

and his children were William G., Susan B., and Frances.
Thomas lived between Free Union and the old Garrison
Meeting House. He kept a store, which was known as Fret-
well's Store, and which at the beginning of the century was
the place for holding elections for Overseers of the Poor for
the northwest district of the county. His wife was Agnes
Burrus, and at the time of his father's death, she and her
family were living in Kentucky.

William married Jemima Brown. He resided on the
Staunton Road, above Mechum's Depot. He was deemed
by his neighbors fit to be a landmark, because of his uncom-
mon stature; in a deed of Nelson Hardin to his brother
Isaac, the property is described as adjoining that of the tall
William Fretwell. He died in 1807. His children were
William C, who married first Mildred, daughter of Henry
Burnley, of Louisa, and secondly Vienna, daughter of G. W.
Kinsolving, Susan, the wife of William Brown, Judith, the
wife of Benjamin H. Brown, Nancy, the wife of Augustine
Stephenson, and Hudson. Hudson married Elizabeth,
daughter of John Burnley, of Louisa, and sister of Nathaniel
Burnley. His home was the large brick house on the
Staunton Road, above Mechum's Depot, where for many
years he kept a public house. He died in 1834. His chil-
dren were Mary, the wife of Paul Tilman, Burlington,
William, Franklin, Susan, the wife of Overton Tilman,
Jurena, the wife of James H. Jarman, Brightbury, and
Bernard.

Alexander Fretwell was for the first quarter of the century
one of the business men of Warren. He was probably the
same Alexander, who sold to Isaac Hardin in 1792 five
hundred acres on the Staunton Road, adjoining the William
just mentioned; from this too it may be inferred, that he
also was a son of the first William. He died in 1825. He
seems to have been twice married, first to Ann, daughter of
William Barksdale, and secondly to Jane Hughes. His
children were James B., who died in 1868 in Sumner County,
Tennessee, aged eighty-three, Richard, Nancy, and three other
daughters, the wives of Robert Anderson, Matthew Martin

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 197

and William Moorman, Richard married Sarah, daughter
of Samuel Barksdale, and had ten children. He lived on
the east side of Dudley's Mountain, at the place recently
occupied by Major Berkeley. About 1840 he removed to
Ivewis County, West Virginia.

FRY.

Joshua Fry w^as born in England, and educated at the
University of Oxford. Coming to this country, he was
made Professor of Mathematics in William and Mary Col-
lege. He was present at the organization of Albemarle
County, and was appointed one of its first magistrates, its
L,ieutenant, and its Surveyor. For some years he was
actively engaged in surveying lands in this and adjacent
counties, and entered a considerable number of tracts in his
own name. When the French and Indian War broke out in
1754, and a regiment was raised in Virginia on that occa-
sion. Fry was appointed its Colonel, and Washington its
Lieutenant Colonel. Fry repaired to Fort Wills, now Cum-
berland, Md., the rendezvous, to assume the command, but
shortly after died, and was there buried. The home of
Colonel Fry was the plantation just south of Carter's Bridge,
which he patented in 1750, and which is now known by the
name of Viewmont. There his widow lived till her death in
1773, and in 1786 the place was sold to Governor Fdmund
Randolph.

The wife of Colonel Fry was Mrs. Mary Micou Hill, and
his children were John, Henry, Martha, the wife of John
Nicholas, Clerk of the county, William, and Margaret, the
wife of John Scott. John married Sarah, sister of Thomas
Adams, who was once the owner of Blair Park, and had
three children, Joshua, William and Tabitha. He died in
1778. Joshua married Peachy, j'oungest daughter of Dr.
Thomas Walker. He was appointed a magistrate of the
county, and represented it in the House of Delegates. To-
wards the end of the last century he removed to Kentucky,
where he taught for a time a classical academy, and was the
ancestor of a numerous posterity, the Frys, Greens, Bullitts

198 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

and speeds, who have acted a prominent part in the affairs
of that State. Henry served as deputy Clerk of the county,
married Susan, daughter of Dr. Thomas Walker, and removed
to Madison County near Rapidan Station, where he died in
1823 in his eighty-fifth year. He had nine children, one of
whom, Reuben, was the father of Joseph L,. Fry, for twenty
years the Judge of the Wheeling Circuit; another, Henry,
married Mildred, daughter of Rev. Matthew Maury, and was
the father of J. Frank Fry, long a Commissioner of the
Revenue of the county; and another, Wesley, was the father
of Captain W. O. Fry. William, the Colonel's son, died
unmarried about 1760.

GANTT.

Henry Gantt, of Prince George County, Maryland, came
to Albemarle in 1813, and purchased from James Bullock,
agent of Brown, Rives & Co., seven hundred and eighty-
four acres, which had belonged to Robert and William
Alcock, and which were situated southwest of the Cross
Roads in North Garden. He made this place his residence
for some years. On the fifth of December 1821, he bought a
ticket of the State I^ottery of Maryland, and on the thirteenth
drew a prize of forty thousand dollars. He afterwards re-
turned to his old home in Maryland, and was succeeded on
the farm in North Garden by his son, Dr. John W. Gantt, to
whom he and his wife Ann formally conveyed it in 1830.
Here the Doctor lived and practised his profession till 1835,
when he purchased from Charles A. Scott the plantation on
James River, just above the mouth of Totier. On this place
he passed the remainder of his days. He was appointed a
magistrate of the county in 1830. In 1837 he and his wife
Sarah conveyed the farm near Cross Roads to Joseph Suther-
land, in whose family it has since remained. The Doctor
died in 1860. His children were Henry, Philip, Albert, and
Mary, the wife of Z. R. lycwis.

GARLAND.

The first of the Garland name who settled in Albemarle
was James. He came from Hanover County, where he had

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 199

married his wife, Mary Rice. In 1761 he bought land in the
coves of the mountains southwest of the Cross Roads. He
purchased first from James and John Coffey, and afterwards
from Robert Nelson, till he possessed considerably more than
a thousand acres. He also purchased from Samuel and
William Stockton upwards of four hundred acres near the
head of Mechum's River, including a mill which the Stock-
tons had built. He was acting as magistrate in 1783, when
the existing records begin, and was appointed Sheriff in
1791. He died in 1812. His children were Elizabeth, the
wife of Thomas Garland, Edward, Rice, Robert, Clifton,
Mary, the wife of James Woods, who in 1797 emigrated
to Garrard County, Kentucky, and as nearly as the lines of
descent in this family can be ascertained, James and Na-
thaniel.

Edward lived on the south side of the north fork of Hard -
ware, near the crossing of the old Lynchburg Road. He
was appointed a magistrate in 1801, and in 1808 succeeded
Francis Taliaferro as Commissioner of the Revenue for St.
Anne's, which office he filled until his death in 1817. His
wife was Sarah, daughter of Colonel John Old, and his children
Nathaniel, Mary, the wife of Nicholas Hamner, Fleming,
James, Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Sutherland, Sarah, the
wife of Pleasant Sowell, and Maria, the wife of Thomas Ham-
ner, who removed to Lewis County, West Virginia.

The home of Rice was the present farm of Bloomfield near
Ivy Depot. He was appointed a magistrate in 1791, was
elected to the Legislature in 1808, and served as Sheriff in
1811. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Hamner,
and died in 1818. His children were William, James, Rice,
Samuel, Elizabeth, the wife of Henry White, Mary Rice, the
wife of Robert H. Slaughter, Burr, Maurice and Nicholas.
William and James were their father's executors. The for-
mer lived for a time in Charlottesville, was the constructor
of the present Lynchburg Road, and died in 1841. Rice
was a lawyer, and settled in Leakesville, N. C. Samuel
became a prosperous man of business in Lynchburg.

Robert was an active practitioner at the Albemarle bar, and

200 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

about 1822 removed to Nelson. Clifton was appointed a
magistrate in 1806, and in 1813 contested unsuccessfully
the election of Jesse W. Garth to the House of Delegates.
He died unmarried in 1815.

James, as already narrated, lost his life at the Prison Bar-
racks in 1781. His wife was Ann, daughter of John Wing-
field and Mary Hudson, and his children Hudson M., James
P., and Spotswood. They all removed to Amherst. Hud-
son was admitted to the bar, represented Amherst in the
Legislature, was a captain in the war of 1812, was an intimate
friend of General Jackson, and received from him an office in
Washington, which he held until the administration of Presi-
dent Tyler. His wife was Letitia Pendleton, and he was the
father of Judge James Garland, of Lynchburg, and General
John, of the United States Army, whose daughter was the
wife of General lyongstreet. Spotswood became the first
Clerk of Nelson, married a Rose, and was the father of Lan-
don, late Chancellor of Vanderbilt University.

In 1778 Nathaniel bought land from Colonel Charles Lewis
in North Garden, near Taylor's Gap. He died in 1793.
His wife's name was Jane, and his children were Frances,
the wife of John Woodson, Nelson, Mary, the wife of Isham
Ready, Anderson, whose widow Nancy was married to Rich-
ard Bruce, and whose children removed to Lewis County,
Kentucky, Klizabeth and Peter. Peter married Elizabeth,
daughter of Benjamin Martin, who after her husband's decease
became the wife of Daniel, son of Thomas Martin and Mary
Ann White. Peter's sons were James and Goodrich.

William Garland, who was probably a brother of the first
James, married Ann, daughter of Christopher Shepherd, and
died comparatively young in 1777. His children were Fran-
ces, the wife of Reuben Pendleton, Mary, James, and David
S. David S. resided at New Glasgow in Amherst, and in
1807 represented the district in Congress. His wife was Jane,
daughter of Colonel Samuel Meredith and Jane Henry, sister
of the renowned orator.

Another branch of the Garlands was resident in the county
at a later date. About 1833 a mercantile firm did business

•r

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 201

on the public square in Charlottesville under the style of
Binford & Garland. The Garland of the firm was James,
who soon after removed to Richmond, In 1835 his brother
Thomas purchased from John R. Campbell the fine low
grounds on the Rivanna, just below the mouth of Buck Island.
He was appointed a magistrate of the county in 1838. He
was a man of unamiable temper and unsavory reputation.
He died in 1 874. The brothers came from Goochland County.
Their mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Morris,
of Green Spring, L,ouisa, and sister of Mrs. Dr. Frank Carr.

GARRETT.

The name of Garrett must always awaken interest in Albe-
marle, because of its long official connection with its affairs.
William Garrett appeared on the scene in 1764, when he pur-
chased from Francis Jerdone, the same person who bought
the Farmington lands and sold them to George Divers, two
thousand acres along the northern base of Tom's Mountain,
in North Garden. In the course of the next ten years he
disposed of this property to different parties, but far the
greater portion of it to John Jones. Garrett as well as Jer-
done belonged to Ivouisa. It is thought he was the grand-
father of Alexander Garrett. The father of Alexander was
Henry, who in 1810 removed from Louisa to Kentucky, and
in passing through Charlottesville constituted his son his
attorney to settle up his business. He departed this life in
his new home in 1815.

Alexander came to the county as early as 1794. In 1799
he was a deputy of Samuel Murrell, who at that time was
Sheriff. A year or two after he married Elizabeth, daughter
of James Minor, who resided on the north fork of the Ri-
vanna, near Stony Point; and from the mention of his name
among those assigned to work the roads, Mr. Garrett evi-
dently lived for a time in the same vicinity. In 1806 he
received the appointment of deputy Clerk under John Nicho-
las. About that time his wife died, and in 1808 he married
Evalina, daughter of John Boiling, of North Garden. In
1815 he succeeded Mr. Nicholas as County Clerk, and in

202 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

1819 was appointed Clerk of the Circuit Court upon the res-
ignation of John Carr, who had occupied that office since the
Circuit Court superseded the District Court in 1809. Both
of these offices he held until 1831, when his brother Ira was
made County Clerk. Besides his ofl&cial duties, he was assid-
uous and successful in many lines of business. He was a
large dealer in real estate, owning at different times fine tracts
of land in various neighborhoods of the county, Meadow
Creek, Birdwood, North Garden, North Blenheim, Ivy Cot-
tage and Greenwood. About 1815 his home was on the south
side of University Street, and during the decade of 1820 he
erected the large brick mansion at the foot of Second Street.
In 1825 he laid out and brought into market the lots on Ridge
Street, and in 1828 built Midway as a hotel, of which J. A.
Xaupi was the first occupant. During his latter years, owing
no doubt to the constant and long continued strain on his
powers, he was afflicted with softening of the brain. He
died in 1860. By his first marriage he had a daughter, Kliz-
abeth, the first wife of V. W. Southall, and by his second,
Dr. John Boiling Garrett, Susan, the wife of Dr. Thomas
Johnson, Eliza K.,the wife of Alexander Duke, and Clar-
issa, the wife of Dr. Thomas J. Pretlow.

Ira Garrett, like his brother, commenced his business life
by riding Sheriff. He was a deputy under Benjamin Harris
in 1815, and Robert Davis in 1817. Soon after he became
deputy County Clerk under his brother, and in 1831 suc-
ceeded him as principal. When the office became elective,
he was chosen both to it and the Circuit Court Clerkship,
term after term, as long as the people had a voice; and even
when another was appointed by military authority, it was
demanded by an overwhelming public sentiment that the
faithful old man should act as deputy. In 1818 he bought
from Jonathan B. Carr the place at the east end of Main
Street, which he made his home the rest of his life. He al-
ways had a strong inclination to rural pursuits, and in 1836
purchased a plantation south of Charlottesville, afterwards
the farm of W. P. Parish; but with him the lack of a close
hand marred the knack of accumulation, and the project soon

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 203

failed. Just before the war he bought Sunnyside, the late
residence of Colonel Duke, but the outbreak of hostilities in-
terfered with his enjoyment there. After the war however he
indulged this fancy at Hobby Hill, a cottage with a few acres
east of James D. Goodman's, where he and his wife, who
shared in his taste for horticulture, spent a part of every
summer. He died full of years in 1870. His wife was
Eliza, daughter of John Watson, and his children Dr. Henry,
of Southwest Virginia, John Alexander, George, Jane, the
wife of Benjamin Winn, Ann, the wife of Thomas M. Smyth,

Isaetta, the wife of K. Kemper, and Ellen, the wife of

Watkins, who emigrated to Mississippi.

GARTH.

The first of the Garth family in Albemarle was Thomas,
who in 1762 bought from Samuel Taliaferro four hundred and
fifty acres on the Indian branch of Buck Island Creek. In
1770 he purchased from John Lewis, of Halifax, nearly a
thousand acres on Blue Run, not far from Barboursville.
The next three or four years he was employed by Mr. Jeffer-
son to buy the Eego estate from William and James Hick-
man, sons of Edwin Hickman, the second Sheriff of the
county. In 1779 he bought another thousand acres of the
Eewis estate on Ivy Creek, and continued his purchases in
that section, till he owned all the land stretching from near
the Staunton Road, opposite Jesse Lewis's place, to the forks
of Mechum's and Moorman's Rivers. On this tract he
resided until his death. He was appointed a magistrate
in 1791, and served as Sheriff in 1807. He died in 1812.
His wife, it is said, was Judith Long, and his chil-
dren Thomas, John, Elijah, Jesse, Garland, Ann, the
wife of Richard Gaines, whose daughter Margaret was the
wife of George Crank, and mother of R. G. Crank, a repre-
sentative of the county in the Legislature twenty years ago,
Sarah, the wife of Samuel Poindexter, who removed to Bed-
ford County, Susan, the wife of Isaac Dalton, who emigrated
to Stokes County, North Carolina, and Mildred, the wife of
John Fretwell.

204 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Thomas succeeded his father on Chesuut Ridge. He died
in 1834. He married Susan, daughter of Richard Durrett,
and his children were Jesse Winston, Willis, William, Eliza-
beth, the wife of Dr. Thomas K. Clark, and mother of Cor-
nelia, the wife of Drury Burnley, and of Catharine, the wife
of George Mclntire, and Frances, the wife of James Michie.
Jesse W. was deputy Sheriff, was admitted to the bar, was
for six years Commonwealth's Attorney, was member of the
Legislature, sold Birdwood to his brother William, and in
1818 removed to Alabama. His wife was Unity Dandridge,
of the same kindred as Patrick Henry's second wife. Willis
lived at the place occupied by the family of Legh R. Wad-
dell, married a Miss Graves, and was prominent in the estab-
lishment of Mount Harmony Church. He died without
children in 1851. William resided at Birdwood, built the
spacious brick dwelling it contains, and by his improvements
made it one of the principal country seats of the county. He
married Elizabeth, daughter of George Martin and Barbara
Woods. He died in 1860, leaving eleven children, J. Woods,
Edgar, Lewis, George, Eugene, Georgiana, the wife of Rol-
lin Kirk, Gabriella, the wife of James Kirk, Susan, the wife
of Smith P. Bankhead, Elizabeth, the wife of William S.
Bankhead, Celestine, the wife of Marshall Walker, and sec-
ondly of John Stockton, and Alice, the wife of Philip Gil-
christ.

John married Ann, daughter of John Rodes, sold the land
on Blue Run which was given him by his father, and near
the close of the last century removed to Kentucky. Elijah
received from his father a plantation of more than five hun-
dred acres southwest of Still House Mountain, and in the
early years of the century acted as deputy Sheriff. He was
twice married, first to Susan Fretwell, and secondly to Cath-
arine, widow of George Wayt. He died in 1817. His
children were Littleton, Paschal, Elizabeth, the wife of a
McGarvey, and Virginia, the wife of a Cross.

Jesse lived on a plantation his father gave him, lying west
of the Barracks. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Beza-
leel Brown, and his children Thomas, William T., Bright-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 205

berry, Bezaleel, Mary, the wife of John H. McKennie, and
Sarah, the wife of Willis C. Goodman. He died in 1836.

Garland resided on the old Barracks place, where he built
the large brick mansion recently occupied by the late George
Carr. He married Susan Crenshaw, and his children were
Dr. Garland A., Burwell, Isaac, Harriet, the wife of Isaac
Davis, and Hardenia, the wife of Dr. Waller Head, who re-
moved to Missouri. Mr. Garth was deprived of his home by
business reverses, and spent his last days with one of his
children in Nelson County.

GENTRY.

The different Gentry families in Albemarle seem to have
sprung from the same head. Nicholas Gentry died in 1779,
leaving eleven children, Moses, David, Nicholas, Mary Hin-
son, Robert, Benajah, Nathan, Martin, Elizabeth Haggard,
Jane Timberlake, and Ann Jenkins. Moses bought land in
1778 from Samuel Gay on the old Lynchburg Road north of
Garland's Store. He was a ruling elder in the Cove Church.
He died in 1810. His children were Claiborne and Nicholas,
who married sisters, Jane and Mary, daughters of Bezaleel
Maxwell, Frances, the wife of Thomas Fitzpatrick, and
Joanna, the wife of Joseph Walters. Addison, a son of
Nicholas, married Lucy, a sister of Shelton F. Leake.

Prior to 1778 David and Martin were owners of land on
Doyle's River, which they afterwards sold to Benajah Brown.
A son of one of these brothers probably was Richard Gentry,
who in 1784 married Jane, daughter of James Harris, and
removed to Kentucky, and whose descendants held a reunion
at Crab Orchard in August 1898. And from one of them in
all likelihood came George Gentry, who died in 1818, whose
home was not far from Free Union, whose wife's name was
Elizabeth, and whose children were James, George, William,
Frances, the wife of Nathaniel Tate, Austin, Aaron, Christo-
pher, Martha, the wife of John Walton, Elizabeth, the wife
of Edward Ballard, and Nancy, the wife of Edward Walton.
The children of Christopher and his wife Sarah, were Martha,
the wife of Joel Maupin, Mary, the wife of Henry Via, Fran-

206 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

ces, the wife of Thomas Gibson, Elizabeth, the wife of James
Dunn, Paschal, Henry, and Dicey, the wife of Garrett White.

Benajah lived on Biscuit Run, where he commenced to pur-
chase land in 1764. In 1817 he transferred his property to
his son Robert, although his death did not occur till 1830.
Martha, the wife of Elijah Dawson, son of Rev. Martin, who
removed to Callaway County, Missouri, and Elizabeth, the
wife of William Goodman, were daughters of Benajah. Robert
married Mary, daughter of Francis Wingfield, and was the
father of Albert.

Robert Gentry, believed to be the son of Nicholas, bought
in 1766 from Martha, widow of Samuel Arnold, a place on
the head waters of Ivy Creek, which he and his wife Judith
sold in 1776 to John Woodson. Philip Joyner, whose
daughter was the wife of a Robert Gentry, and who once
owned the land the University stands on, devised the land
to his two grandsons, Charles and Jesse Gentry. They sold,
the one in 1775, and the other in 1783, and appear to have
emigrated to North Carolina. Whether the Robert just men-
tioned was the same with the son of Nicholas, is unknown.

GILMER.

George Gilmer, immigrant, was a native of Scotland, who
after a short sojourn in lyondon, came to this country. He
settled in Williamsburg, and practised his profession as a
physician. His son Peachy, a fellow student of Nicholas
Meriwether in William and Mary College, paid a visit to his
friend in Albemarle, and fell in love with and married his
sister Mary. This led to his brother George visiting the
county, and ultimately marrying lyucy, daughter of Dr.
Thomas Walker.

George like his father was a physician. He settled in
Charlottesville, and his first residence was on Main Street,
near the present store of T. T. Norman. He seems after-
wards to have lived on Jefferson Street, on the south end of
the lot facing the west side of the Square. He was a man of
great activity and public spirit. The agitation preceding
the Revolution had already begun when Dr. Gilmer came

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE • 207

to Charlottesville, and from the first he displayed the live-
liest concern in the questions involved. Allusion has al-
ready been made to the prominent part he performed in the
earliest movements towards independence. In 1777 he pur-
chased from John Harvie Pen Park, which he made his home
for the remainder of his life, the home of intelligence and
refined hospitality graphically described by John P. Kennedy
in his Life of Wirt. About the same time he purchased land
on Mechunk, until he owned more than two thousand acres
in that section. He was appointed a magistrate, served as
Sheriff in 1787, and was a member of the House of Delegates.
He died in 1796. His children were Mildred, the wife of
William Wirt, George, Peachy, John, James, Lucy, the wife
of Peter Minor, Harmer, Francis W., and Susan, the wife of
Zachariah Shackelford.

Pen Park continued to be the home of the family during the
life of Mrs. Gilmer. That part of the plantation called Rose
Hill, where the children of John D. Craven now reside, was
given to Mr. Wirt, and there he built a house; but having
no family, he and his wife lived for *"he most part with her
mother. The mother and daughter both died in 1800, and
the next year Mr. Wirt removed to Richmond. The home-
stead was soon after sold to Richard Sampson, and still later
to John H. Craven, whose residence there many yet remember.

George married Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher lludson,
of Mount Air. He became the owner of the Mechunk lands,
which some years after were sold under deeds of trust to
Dabney Minor. He died in 1836. His children were Thomas
W., George Christopher, John H., Sarah, the wife ot Dr.
Samuel W. Tompkins, Georgiana, the wife of Colin C. Spil-
ler, Maria, the wife of Samuel G. Adams, Ann, the wife of
Peter McGee, Martha, and Lucy, the wife of Edward Pegram.
Thomas W. was a lawyer, member of the Legislature, Gov-
ernor of Virginia, member of Congress, Secretary of the
Navy, and lamentably perished on board of the United States
ship Princeton in 1844. His wife was Ann Baker, of Shep
herdstown, Va. . In 1826 he lived on Park Street where Drury
Wood now resides, in 1831 bought from W. B Phillips the-

208 * HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

brick house and lot at the west end of Jefferson Street, where
John C. Patterson lives, and in 1836 purchased from John
W. Davis the property on the hill recently occupied by John
T. Antrim. G. Christopher married first L,eana I^ewis, of the
Scottsville neighborhood, and secondly Mildred, daughter of
Richard Duke. He died in 1887,

Peachy was admitted to the bar, and practised in Bedford
County. He and Lucy were two of the devisees of the Farm-
ington estate, Mrs. George Divers being their mother's sister.
Peachy died in 1836. John was a physician, married Sarah
Gilmer, a distant kinswoman, and lived at Edgemont, where
he died in 1835. Francis adopted the profession of law, but
was cut off in early life. He was a young man of fine
endowments and rare culture, and gave promise of filling a
distinguished position in his generation. He was a close
friend of Mr. Wirt and Judge Dabney Carr, and a great
favorite of Mr. Jefferson. The implicit reliance Mr. Jeffer-
son had in his penetration and judgment, was manifested in
his being entrusted with the selection of the first professors
of the University. He himself was designed for the profess-
orship of law. In his modesty, which was as great as his
ability, he thrice declined the place. At length he accepted,
but before entering upon its labors, was removed from the
scene of all earthly activities in 1826.

GOOCH.

William Gooch, written in the early records Gouge, came to
the county from Hanover. In 1751 he bought land from John
Graves in the Everettsville neighborhood, which nine years
after he sold to Benjamin Sneed, and it is believed, removed
to Amherst. Another William, who, from being denominated
Junior, is presumed to be his son, purchased land on the
south fork of Hardware in 1764, but in 1770 began buying in
the Ragged Mountains south of Ivy Dapot, and in that vicinity
fixed his residence. His dwelling stood where his son Dab-
ney afterwards lived, and where still later W. O. English
taught school. He died in 1796, He and his wife Lucy had
ten children, Matthew, Philip, Dabney C, Nicholas L,,, Wil-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 209

liam, Thomas W., Elizabeth, the wife of Nathan Dedman,
Martha, the wife of William Thurmond, Susan, and Mary,
the wife of William Moore. Matthew, who was admitted to
the Albemarle bar in 1796, and Nicholas removed toKentucky.
Philip removed to Amherst, and to htm his father transferred
the land which he first bought on the Ragged Mountains, and
which somehow acquired the name of Little Egypt, included
the present reservoir, and was sold by his son Claiborne to
the Houchens and Mayo families that still live on it. Clai-
borne Gooch removed to Richmond, became Adjutant Gen-
eral of the State, and was associated with Thomas Ritchie in
publishing the Richmond Enquirer.

Dabney married Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. William Irvin,
of the South Garden, and had a daughter Mary, the wife of
her cousin, Dr. William F. Gooch. He died in 1844.
Thomas W. married Nancy, another daughter of Mr. Irvin,
and for many years kept a tavern at the D. S. He died in
1838. His children were Alonzo, Edwin, Meade, Angelina
and Elizabeth, the wife of John Fray Jr. Alonzo was for
some years a merchant in Charlottesville, and a magistrate
of the county, and lived on the lot west of the Episcopal
Church, now occupied by Capt. H. Robertson. His wife
was a daughter of B. F. Porter, of Orange, and died in 1897
in Bluefield, W. Va.

Dr. William F. Gooch was a grandson of William Jr., and
came to Charlottesville from Amherst about 1823. The next
year he married his cousin Mary, the only child of Dabney C.
For many years he practised his profession actively both in
town and country. His town residence was the house now
occupied by James F. Burnley on High Street. He was
appointed a magistrate in 1843. Not long before the war
he removed to his farm south of Ivy, where he died at an
advanced age in 1881. He had two daughters, Maria, the
wife of Paul H. Goodloe, and Elizabeth, the wife of W. O.
English.

Another person bearing the name of Gooch belonged to
the county in former times. He married Sarah, daughter of
David Wood, and sister of the elder Drury. He had four
—14

210 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

sons and five daughters. Two of the sons, John and Roland,
appear to have owned land on Rough Run, a branch of
Moorman's River. They all removed to lyincoln County,
Kentucky, probably in the closing years of the last century.

GOODMAN.

The first of the Goodman family was Charles. He is
noticed as early as 1761 as having married Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Roland Horsley. He began the purchase of land where
he continued to live until his death, on the south fork of the
Rivanna, west of the mouth of Ivy Creek. In the course of
years he acquired considerably more than a thousand acres.
His dwelling stood where Kdward Wingfield now lives.
He was appointed a magistrate in 1794, but apparently
averse to the publicity of office soon resigned. He seems to
have been a quiet, industrious man, notably upright in all
his dealings. When in his will he made bequests of negroes
to his children, he required a certain proportion of the value
of their labor to be paid them year by year; and it is prob-
able he did himself what he enjoined upon others. He died
in 1827. His children were William, Joseph, Nathan, John,
Susan, the wife of John Rogers, Roland Horsley, Jeremiah
A., and Elizabeth, the wife of an Anderson. William married
Elizabeth Gentry, Joseph married Nancy, daughter of Pat-
rick Michie, Nathan married Mildred, daughter of Manoah
Clarkson, and emigrated to Kentucky. John was one of the
early Methodist preachers, and his wife was Frances, daugh-
ter of Thomas Dickerson. Jeremiah A. married Mary Clark-
son, sister of Nathan's wife, and lived until his death in 1857
four or five miles south of Charlottesville.

Horsley Goodman married Elizabeth, daughter of David
Rodes, and his children were D. Rodes, who was a deputy
Surveyor of the county, Nathan C, who married Sarah,
daughter of Joel Terrell, William, Horsley, who married
Sarah, daughter of James Dnrrett, of the Batesville neighbor-
hood, Susan, the wife of James Durrett, brother of Horsley's
wife, Ann, the wife of Seth Burnley, and lyucy, the second
wife of Thomas H. Brown. Horsley Sr. , died the same year
as his father.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 211

GOOLSBY.

Thomas Goolsby was one of the earliest settlers within the
present bounds of the county. In 1732, thirteen years before
its organization, he patented twelve hundred acres on James
River. In 1745 he sold more than five hundred acres to
Samuel Shelton, and in the description of the deed are
mentioned two tributaries of the James, called Holmans and
Goolsby's Creeks. This deed is noteworthy also from a
memorandum inscribed on it in 1788, showing that it had
been previously recorded, but the record had been destroyed
by the British in 1781. Thomas Goolsby died in 1774.
He was twice married, his last wife being L,ucy Bryant.
His children were William, Thomas, Susan, the wife of a
Childress, Ann, the wife of a Nowling, Lucy, the wife of a
Saunders, and Elizabeth. William owned land on the waters
of the south fork of Hardware. He died in 1819, and his
children were William, Tabitha, the wife of Joseph Harlan,
Tarleton, who married Mildred, daughter of Thomas
Walker Jr., Sarah, the wife of a Thurmond, Susan, the wife
of a Davis, Fleming, Jane, the wife of Samuel Harlan, Arthur,
Mary, the wife of a Samuel Richardson, and Nancy, the
wife of a Phillips.

Charles, James and John Goolsby, of Albemarle, were
Revolutionary soldiers, members of the Ninth Virginia
Regiment. Charles, who was a non-commissioned officer,
and James were taken prisoners at Germantown; all three
died in the service. They were beyond doubt sons of
Thomas Sr. , as William was stated to be their heir.

GORDON.

Before the middle of the last century two brothers named
Gordon, natives of Scotland, were settled on opposite sides of
the Rappahannock River as merchants, plying a thriving
trade with the old country. James resided in Lancaster
County, and John at Tappahannock in Essex. James's
wife was Mary Harrison, of the Harrisons of Surry, and the
wife of John was Lucy Churchill. Descendants of both
became inhabitants of Albemarle. Rev. James Waddell,

212 HISTORY .OF ALBEMARLE

who preached and taught school near Gordonsville, married
a daughter of James, and William F. Gordon, who acted
a leading part in the affairs of the county in the first half of
the present century, traced his lineage to John, or rather to
both brothers at once. His father, James Gordon, was the
son of John, and his mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of
James. William F. was admitted to the Albemarle bar in
1809. In 1812 he succeeded Joseph J. Monroe as Attorney
of the Commonwealth, but resigned the next year, giving
place to Jesse W. Garth. From 1818 to 1829 he was almost
continuously a member of the House of Delegates, and in 1830
a member of the State Senate. He also represented the
district in Congress. The title of General by which he was
commonly known, he derived from his appointment in 1829
as Brigadier General of the Third Brigade, Second Division
of the Virginia militia, and in 1840 of Major General of the
Second Division. His home was at Spring Hill, at the
eastern base of the South West Mountain, not far from
Gordonsville. He died in 1858. His wife was Elizabeth,
daughter of Reuben Lindsay, and his children, James, George,
Hannah, the wife of W. J. Robertson, Reuben, William F. ,
Charles, Dr. John C, Alexander and Mason.

In the last century there came to the county an Alexander
Gordon, who seems to have been of kindred with the noble
Scottish family of Gordon, of Huntly. He lived on Sowell's
Branch near Carter's Bridge, where he obtained a patent for
a small tract of land in 1785. He sued Humphrey Gaines
for a piece of vacant land on Buck Island Creek to which
they both laid claim, his counsel being Walter Leake, while
Mr. Wirt appeared for Gaines. He was not an ornament to
the county. He died in 1805, leaving a son, Alexander Duff
Gordon, who two years after removed to Tennessee.

GOSS.

The first known settlement of the Goss family was in that
part of Albemarle, which in its division in 1761 was erected
into Buckingham. A James Goss was witness to a deed,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 213

conveying land on a branch of Slate River, in 1749. The
head of the family now living in the county was Benjamin,
who with a large household emigrated to Georgia. In pro-
cess of time two of his sons, Jesse and John, returned to
Virginia.

John soon became a teacher in the family of Governor James
Barbour. He married Jane, daughter of James Walker, of
Madison, and for a time had his residence in that county.
He, as well as Jesse, entered the ministry of the Baptist
Church. In 1803 he settled in Albemarle in the Priddy's
Creek neighborhood, where he passed the remainder of his
days, preaching for the most part to the church of that
name. In 1816 he was appointed a magistrate. His death
occurred in 1838, at the age of sixty three. His children
were Harriet, Sarah, the wife of Nimrod Bramham Jr., James
W., John W., William, and Kbenezer, who died some years
ago near Somerset in Orange.

James, when a young man, was engaged in the drug busi-
ness on the public square in Charlottesville, in partnership
with John Field Jr. In 1836 he took a leading part in estab-
lishing the Disciples' Church on Market Street, becoming a
minister in that denomination, and publishing for a short
period one of its organs, the Christian Intelligencer. He
was appointed a magistrate in 1841. He was afterwards
successfully employed in educational work, founding the
Piedmont Female Academy near Priddy's Creek, and at the
time of his death in 1870, filling the presidency of a similar
institution in Hopkinsville, Ky. His wife was Jane A.
Grigsby, of Rockbridge county.

John was in early life a merchant in Charlottesville in
partnership with Christopher Hornsey. He married Poly-
dora, daughter of Major John Lewis, of the Sweet Springs,
and sister of Mrs. John Cochran. In 1838 he succeeded his
father as a magistrate, and in 1854 and 1855 represented the
county in the Legislature. Since the war he occupied the
offices both of Sheriff and County Clerk. He died in 1883,
aged sixty-eight.

214 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

GRAYSON.

William Grayson was a native of Spotsylvania, and came
to Albemarle some time before the Revolutionary War. In
1764 he bought land on the head of Mechum's River from
Speaker John Robinson, who was then selling off the im-
mense tracts in Rockfish valley, patented by his brother-in-
law, John Chiswell. Having sold this property a few years
after, he purchased from Gamaliel Bailey and Obadiah
Martin at what was then known as the lyittle D. S. , where
the old Richard Woods Road forks with that passing through
Batesville, and where his descendants have been living ever
since. In 1804 he sold a small parcel at this place to Wil-
liam Simpson, who there established a tanyard that for
many years went by his name, and afterwards by the name
of Grayson, and that was one of the most noted landmarks
in that neighborhood. Simpson in 1818 sold it to Joseph
Grayson, a grandson of William. William died in 1829,
having attained the remarkable age of ninety-seven years.
His wife was Ann, daughter of Thomas Smith, and his
children were John, Thomas, Martha, Elizabeth, the wife of
Joseph Sutherland, and Susan, the wife first of Isaac Wood,
and secondly of a Tomlin. Joseph Grayson married Rhoda,
daughter of Daniel White, and died in 1867. His children
were Thomas, who married Mary, daughter of John Jones,
Ann, the wife of James H. Shelton, Frances, Elizabeth, the
wife of Benjamin F. Abell, John and William.

HAMNER.

Tradition relates, that the immigrant Haniner bore the
name of Nicholas, that l^e came from Wales and settled in
Middlesex County, and that he had six or seven sons. Three
of them fixed their homes in Albemarle. The first who
appears on the records was William. In 1759 he bought
from Thomas Fitzpatrick nearly five hundred acres on the
south fork of Hardware, not far from Jumping Hill. The
same year he obtained a patent for nearly two hundred acres
on the north fork of Hardware, and acquired near by up-
wards of seven hundred more, all of which he sold in 1782

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 215

to Colonel John Old. In 1777 he purchased from Dr. James
Hopkins about fifteen hundred acres on the waters of Totier.
He died in 1785. He and his wife KHzabeth had eleven
children, Jeremiah, Turner, Richardson, Henley, Samuel,
Mildred, the wife of Jacob Moon, Elizabeth, the wife of
Thomas Fitzpatrick, Mary, the wife of a Perry, Susan, the
wife of Reuben Turner, Rebecca, the wife of James Turner,
and the wife of David Strange. Jeremiah and Henley lived
in the Biscuit Run valley. Turner at the mouth of Kppes
Creek, Samuel near Jumping Hill, Jacob Moon, the Turners
and Strange on Totier, though the Turners soon removed to
Amherst. Jeremiah married Rebecca, daughter of Castleton
Harper, and died in 1815. Most of his children emigrated
to Georgia and Alabama, but his daughter Mary remained
in Albemarle as the first wife of Samuel Barksdale. Samuel,
who died in 1817, married, it is believed, a Morris, probably
a daughter of Hugh Rice Morris, of the Totier region, and
his children were William, Elizabeth, the wife of Rice Gar-
land, Henley, Morris, Samuel, Jane, che wife of a Thomas,
and Rhoda, the wife of James Nimmo. William died in
1831, and his children were John T., Jesse B., Susan, the
wife of a Rice, Martha, the wife of Jacob Waltman, Austin
and Samuel, who emigrated to Tennessee, and William,
Morris and Samuel married sisters named I^ucas, and about
the beginning of the century removed to Charlotte County.
The latter was the father of James G. and Thomas ly., min-
isters in the Presbyterian Church.

The second of the brothers was Robert, who died in 1750,
In 1772 his son Nicholas conveyed to William Hamner
two hundred and seventy acres at the mouth of Eppes Creek,
which had been devised to him by his father. In 1784 he
purchased land north of Glendower, which is still the resi-
dence of his grandson. In 1794 he was associated in business
with Samuel Dyer at Warren, where he died soon after. His
wife was Agnes, daughter of Giles Tompkins, and his chil-
dren Susan, the wife of John L,. Cobb, of Bedford, and
mother of Nicholas Hamner Cobb, a former Chaplain of the
University, and the first Episcopal Bishop of Alabama, Nich-

216 HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE

olas, who married Mary, daughter of Edward Garland,
Kdmund, who married Charlotte, daughter of Manoah Clark-
son, James, who married Isabel Maxwell, Elizabeth, the wife
of a Scruggs, of Buckingham, and Nancy, the wife of Sam-
uel Childress,

The third of the brothers is believed to have been John,
who lived in the Biscuit Run vallej^ and first appears as a
purchaser of land in 1778. He married Mary, daughter of
Charles and Rachel Wingfield, and his children were Charles
W., of Buckingham, from whom descended James and Wade
Hamner, of Lynchburg, John, who married Susan Fretwell,
Francis, who married Sarah Eubank, Thomas, who married
Maria, daughter of Edward Garland, and removed to Lewis
County, West Virginia, Mary and Susan, the wives respec-
tively of Meekins and John B. Carr, who emigrated to Dickson
County, Tennessee, Elizabeth, the wife of Samuel S. Gay,
and Sarah, the wife of David Gentry.

HANCOCK.

One of the original patentees of land in the county was
Solomon Hancock. In 1756 he obtained the grant of four
hundred acres between the Hardware and Totier Creek,
Four years after he sold part of it to Giles Tompkins, and
removed to Halifax County. In 1777 he sold the remainder
to William Tompkins, son of Giles.

David Hancock in 1834 purchased from John R. Campbell
eleven hundred acres on both sides of the Rivanna, above the
mouth of Buck Island Creek. He died in 1858. His chil-
dren were David, who married Janetta Thurman, Dr. Charles,
who married Catharine Thurman, Gustavus, who married
Lily Wimbert, and lived on James River below Howardsville,
and Virginia, the wife of Dr. Francis Hancock, of Richmond.
David died in 1872, Mrs. Virginia in 1884, Dr. Charles in
1885, and Gustavus 1898. All left families.

Richard J. Hancock was a native of Alabama, and came to
Virginia during the civil war with the troops of Louisiana.
Sojourning in Albemarle while recovering from wounds re-
ceived in battle, he married Thomasia, daughter of John O.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 217

Harris. He succeeded his father-in-law at EHerslie, which
is a part of the old Indian Camp plantation, once the estate
of William Short, Washington's Minister to the Hague, and
the fame of which as a stock farm he has spread abroad
throughout the land.

HARDIN.

The family of Hardin occupied a position of some promi-
nence in the county at the beginning of the century. Its
head was Isaac, who, after living on different places, finally
settled about 1785 on the plantation near Greenwood Depot,
recently owned by Thomas C. Bowen. Here he resided un-
til his death in 1820, at the age of eighty-four. His wife was
Elizabeth, daughter of William Brown, and his children
Mary, the wife of Samuel B. Smith, whose sons removed to
Tennessee, Benjamin, Elizabeth, the wife of Gideon Morgan,
Sarah, the wife of Nathaniel Landcraft, Nelson, Isaac B,,
Lucinda, the wife of William Scott, Berry M., and John.
About 1808 Nelson emigrated to Mississippi Territory, and
Isaac to Tennessee. Berry M. died in 1826.

For many years Benjamin was a conspicuous figure in the
western part of the county. He bought in 1805 the brick
house about a mile west of Ivy Depot, which was at first the
nucleus, and soon the whole, of the town of Morgantown.
Here he kept a tavern having the name of Albemarle Hotel
until 1826. From time to time he bought up a few lots of the
projected town, as their owners endeavored to realize a return
from their investment; but as they lay unmarked amidst the
trees and bushes of the forest, it is surmised the great mass
of them quietly lapsed in his hands, totally forgotten by
those who held the title. Hardin was a fancier of fine horses,
and kept a number of racers. It is likely the temptations
connected with such pursuits involved him in undue expense,
and led to a neglect of his proper business ; at all events in
1827 all his property was sold under deeds of trust. He
then removed to ISTelson County. In January 1899, his son,
Dr. Charles W. Hardin, died near Longwood, Rockbridge
County, in the eighty -fifth year of his age.

2 18 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

HARPER.

Castleton Harper was a deputy of Joseph Thompson, the
first Sheriff of the county. His home was on the north
fork of Hardware, near the mouth of Sowell's Branch. His
death occurred about 1799, His children were Richard, Cas-
tleton, Henry, Rebecca, the wife of Jeremiah Hamner, Mary,
the wife of Reuben White, Jemima, the wife of Edward
Lyon, and Ellinda, believed to have been the wife of Thomas
Staples.

Charles Harper came to Albemarle from Culpeper about
1814. In that year he bought from Thomas Wells eight
hundred acres south of Ivy Depot. By continued purchases
he became the owner of more than twelve hundred acres in
that vicinity. In 1817 he disposed of three hundred acres,
and half of the mill on Ivy Creek, to his son Joseph. H^
died in 1848. His wife was Lucy Smithers, and his children
Joseph, Sarah, the wife of John Slaughter, Mary, the wife of
William H. Glasscock, William, Charles, Gabriel, Lydia,
the wife of Stephen C. Price, Robert, Lucy, the wife of Dr.
M. L. Anderson, Nancy, the wife of Uriah P. Bennett, and
Eliza Jane, the wife of John Wood Jr.

Joseph in 1826 sold to Benjamin Wood a tract of fifty acres,
which acquired the name of Woodville, but has since been
called Ivy Depot. In 1832 he sold his property, and removed
to Daviess County, Missouri, where he died the same year
as his father. He was twice married, first to Eliza Ann
Green, and secondly to Mary Ann Miller, the widow of
Robert W. Wood. His children were Twyman W., William,

Mary, the wife of Martin, Lucy Ann, the wife of Nor-

borne T. Martin, a former merchant of Charlottesville,
Charles and John. Gabriel married Sarah, daughter of
Edmund Anderson and Jane Lewis. He was appointed a
magistrate of the county in 1838. Some years before the war
he removed to Appomattox County, and later to Prince
Edward. When the war closed, he settled on James River
below Richmond, where not long after he died.

HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE 219

HARRIS.

Matthew Harris in 1741 patented four hundred acres on
the waters of Totier, which he afterwards sold to John
Harris. It is believed he soon removed to the present terri-
tory of Nelson. He married Miss Lee, and had two sons,
William and Lee. Lee married Miss Philips, and his son,
William Lee Harris, who married Elizabeth, daug:hter of
Clayton Coleman, was admitted to the Albemarle bar in
1798, but probably lived in the present bounds of Nelson.

William Harris, in all likelihood a brother of Matthew, was
long one of the early and leading citizens of Albemarle.
His first patent was located on Beaverdam of Hardware in
1739. He also made entries on Totier and Green Creeks,
until during the next forty years he possessed more than two
thousand acres. He was evidently a man of fine judgment
and great energy. He established on Green Creek one of
the first mills erected in that part of the county, and it has
ever since been an important centre to the surrounding
country. In 1746, the year after the county was organized,
he was appointed one of its magistrates. He died in 1788.
His wife was Mary Netherland, and his children, Matthew,
Sarah, the wife of a Mosby, Elizabeth, the wife of John
Digges, Catharine, the wife of a Steger, John, William, Mary,
the wife of a Woodfolk, Benjamin, Ann, the wife of Hawes
Coleman, and Judith, the wife of George Coleman. From
this stem has sprung a greater number of families perhaps
than from any other ever domiciled in the county.

Matthew married Miss Tate, and had fifteen children.
Among them were Schuyler, who married Frances Blades,
lived two miles north of Covesville, and died in 1803, and
whose son, William B., married Elizabeth, daughter of
Andrew Hart, was the father of Alfred and William Henry,
was a magistrate of the county, and a ruling elder in the
Cove Church, and died in 1862 ; Matthew, who married Miss
Blades, and had a large family, of which the only one
remaining is venerable Lloyd Harris, now living near War-
ren; Henry T., who became a member of the Albemarle bar
in 1808, lived south of Covesville, married his cousin Mary,

220 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

daughter of Benjamin Harris, and died in 1845, and whose
daughters, Mary and Cornelia, were the wives respectively
of Dr. Daniel E Watson, and Dr. William D. Boaz ; and
Mary, the wife of a Barnett, and mother of Nathan J., who
lived near Covesville, and was for many years Surveyor of
the county.

Sarah Mosby was the grandmother of Alfred, the father
of Colonel John S. Mosby, of Confederate fame. Klizabeth,
the wife of John Digges, was the mother of nine children, of
whom Elizabeth became the wife of Rev. Isaac Darneille, an
Episcopal clergyman, Charlotte, the wife of William Moon,
Dorothy, the wife of Marshall Durrett, Nancy, the wife of
James Durrett, of Batesville, and I^ucy, the wife of Dabney
Carr, of North Garden.

John Harris was at the time of his death in 1832 the
wealthiest man in the county. His home was at Viewmotit,
south of Carter's Bridge, which he purchased in 1803 from
Tucker Moore Woodson. It is said, he added largely to his
estate by his business operations during the war of 1812.
He was appointed a magistrate in 1807. He was twice mar-
ried, first to Frances Rowzy, and secondly to Sarah, widow of
Robert Barclay. He left no children of his own, but devised
a large portion of his estate to the children of his second wife,
two of whom were married to the brothers, John D and
Edward H. Moon. His will was contested, and a long liti-
gation ensued before it was finally established in 1838.

William married Miss Wagstaff, and had eight children.
Among them were William B., and Frances, the wife of
Ivewis Nicholas. William B. married Elizabeth, daughter
of Samuel Woods, and was the father of William H., who
married Mary J. Wayland, lived on the old Field place near
Batesville, was appointed a magistrate in 1838, and died in
1887.

Benjamin was a man of great wealth, was appointed a
magistrate in 1791, and served as Sheriff in 1815. He mar-
ried Mary, daughter of Samuel Woods, and had eleven chil-
dren. Among them were Dr. William A., who married his
cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Schuyler Harris, was a magis-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 221

trate of the county, and a ruling elder in the Cove Church,
and in 1 837 removed to Illinois ; and Colonel George W . , who
died in 1877, and vt^hose children still occupy the old home-
stead on the old Irish Road, west of Porter's Precinct.
Ann, wife of Hawes Coleman, was the grandmother of Mary,
the wife of Dr. Charles D. Everett.

One of the early settlers on Doyle's River was Robert Harris.
He obtained patents for nearly three thousand acres in that
vicinity, his first entry having been made in 1750. His death
took place in 1765. He and his wife Mourning had ten chil-
dren, Christopher, Robert, Tyree, James, William, I^ucy, the
wife of William Shelton, Sarah, the wife of John Rodes, the
wife of William Dalton, Mourning, the wife of John Jouett,
and Elizabeth, the wife of William Crawford, and mother of
William H. Crawford, United States Senator from Georgia,
Minister to France, Secretary of the Treasury under Mr. Mon-'
roe, and a prominent candidate for the Presidency in 1824.
Robert was a Captain in the Revolutionary service, and
removed to Surry County, North Carolina. William died
early in 1776, and Christopher in 1794.

James died in 1792. He and his wife Mary had ten chil-
dren, Thomas, Joel, Nathan, James, Lucy, the wife of Thomas
Grubbs, Mourning, the wife of Cornelius Maupin, Sarah, the
wife of James Harrison, Susan, the wife of Nicholas Burnley,
Ann, the wife of aHaden, and Jane, the wifeof aDabney. Joel
was appointed a magistrate in 1801, and about 1811 Commis-
sioner of the Revenue for Fredericksville parish, which ofl&ce
he held until his death in 1826. He and his wife Anna had
three sons, Ira, Joel and Clifton. Ira succeeded his father
in the Commissionership, as well as in the old home, the
place where Jeremiah A. Early now resides, and died in 1863.
He married Sarah, and his brother Clifton, Mary, daughters
of Howell L,ewis, of North Garden. Nathan removed to
Lexington, Va., where he resided till his death. He was the
father of the Hon. John T. Harris, and Rev. William A.
Harris, for many years Principal of the Female Seminary in
Staunton. James was appointed a magistrate in 1807. He
married Mary, daughter of John and Mary McCulloch, and

222 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

was associated with his brothers-in-law, Robert and James
McCuUoch, in conducting the mill at Millington. In 1822 he
sold his property, and removed to another part of the country.

Another family of this name lived near Free Union. Its
head was James, who died in 1797. He and his wife Eliza-
beth had six sons and five daughters. One of his sons, Blake,
married Mary, daughter of John Alphin, and from another
was descended Randolph Frank Harris, who was for some
years the mayor of Charlottesville.

At a later date John O. Harris came to the county from
lyouisa. He purchased part of the old Indian Camp place,
which William Short sold in 1813 to David Higginbotham.
His wife was Barbara Terrell, and his daughters, Ann and
Thomasia, became the wives respectively of John O. Pendle-
ton and R. J. Hancock. Mr. Harris died in 1877, and his
wife in 1882.

HARRISON.

Richard Harrison in 1789 purchased from James Overstreet,
of Bedford, a tract of two hundred acres on the Martin King
Road, between the waters of Buck Island and Hardware,
which he sold four years later to Charles McGehee. One
of the same name, and in all probability the same person,
married Mary, daughter of Peter Clarkson. He resided in
the Whitehall neighborhood, and was the father of a large
family. His children were Elizabeth, the wife of Weathers -
ton Shelton, Ann, the wife of John Clarkson, Mary, the wife
of Charles W. Maupin, who removed to St. L^ouis, Peter C,
Charles, John C, who married Frances Rodes, Julius C,
who married Elizabeth Strange, Richard, David, James, who
married Sarah Harris, and William.

In 1829 Dr. Charles Cocke and George M. Payne, as trus-
tees of William Moon, sold Belle Grove, the seat of Old Albe-
marle Court House on James River, to Peyton Harrison.
Mr. Harrison was a son of Randolph Harrison, of Clifton in
Cumberland County, and a grandnephew of Benjamin, the
signer of the Declaration of Independence. He married Jane,
daughter of Judge Dabney Carr. Settling on his plantation
near Scottsville, he prr.cticed law for three or four years, but

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 223

abandoning that profession he entered the Presbyterian min-
istry. After making this change of vocation, he returned to
Scottsville, and became pastor of the Presbyterian Church.
Near the close of 1833 he sold Belle Grove to his brother,
Carter H. Harrison. Here Carter resided until his death in
1844. He was appointed a magistrate of the county in 1835.
His wife was Jeanette Fisher, and his sons were George
Fisher, Henry, Edward Jacquelin, and Carter. Henry was
the father of George M. Harrison, Judge of the present Court
of appeals.

HART.

Andrew Hart was a Scotchman by birth, and was estab-
lished as a merchant in the southern part of the county as
early as 1786. His store was on Jumping Hill, at the south
end of Gay's Mountain. At that time the road from Staun-
ton to Scott's Landing passed immediately in its front, so
that it was a point of public concourse. Mr. Hart was emi-
nently successful in his business operations, and attained a
high reputation for integrity and worth. Besides the man-
agement of his private interests, he was frequently engaged
in public afifairs, devoting much time to the execution of
trusts devolved upon him by the County Court. He was for
many years a ruling elder in the Cove Church, and one of its
main supporters. His home was at Sunny Bank, the pres-
ent residence of his great-grandson, Andrew Hart. He was
twice married, first to Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Samuel
Leake, and secondly to Elizabeth Bickley, sister of the wife
of Samuel Dyer. He died in 1832.

His children by the first marriage were Samuel L. and
Mary, the wife of David Young. These brothers-in-law were
in the early part of the century associated as merchants, and
prosecuted an active business in North Garden. Samuel
Hart was exceedingly popular, and a wide circle of friends
availed themselves of his rare executive gifts. About 1829
he removed to Missouri. By the second marriage Mr. Hart's
children were James, Andrew, John B., Francis, William D.,
Eliza, the wife of William B. Harris, Margaret, the wife of

224 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Rev. Thornton Rogers, and Celia, the wife of Dr. Jacob Sni-
der, who removed to Mississippi.

James was twice married, first to Sophia, daughter of
Schuyler Harris, and secondly to Frances Thomas, widow of
Dr. Charles H. Meriwether. His home was in North Garden
where H. Carter Moore afterwards lived, but he subsequently
removed to Fruitland near Keswick, the present residence of
his son-in-law, A. P. Fox. He died in 1874. Andrew was
a Presbyterian minister, and died a few years ago at Buch-
anan, the place of his last pastorate. John B. was appointed
a magistrate in 1824, did business in Scottsville and Missis-
sippi successfully for a time, but at length overtaken by com-
mercial disaster, removed to Alexandria where he died.
Francis received from his father a plantation near Covesville,
sold it in 1837 to Dr. Daniel E- Watson, and removed to
Richmond. William D. was a man of much energy and vi-
vacity, studied law, was a magistrate, represented the county
both in the House of Delegates and State Senate, and was a
Director of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. He suc-
ceeded his father both in the old homestead and the elder-
ship of the Cove Church. He married Elizabeth De Jarnette,
and had one daughter Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas R. Dew.
He departed this life in 1877.

John Hart, a brother of Andrew, settled in Richmond,
where he died unmarried in 1796. He managed his affairs
prosperously, and acquired considerable property. By his
will he bequeathed a thousand pounds to a sister in Lin-
lithgow, Scotland, and the residue of his estate to his brother
in Albemarle.

HARVIE.

John Harvie was a native of Stirlingshire, Scotland, and
at the time Albemarle was organized, was living at Belmont
near Keswick, a place he bought from Matthew Graves.
He was the guardian of Mr. Jefferson, and one of the
earliest efforts of the great .statesman's pen, was an inquiry
addressed to Mr. Harvie respecting the method of his educa-
tion. He died in 1767. His wife was Martha Gaines, and
his children Richard, John, Daniel, who married Sarah

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE . 225

Taliaferro, William, who married Judith Cosby, Martha, _
the wife of John Moore, Margaret, the wife of John Daven-
port, Elizabeth, the wife of James Marks, Janet, the wife of
Reuben Jordan, and Mary, the wife of David Meriwether.
Some of these families resided for a time in Amherst, but
all except John emigrated to Wilkes County, Georgia, in
the decade of 1780.

John was a prominent man in his generation. He was
one of the first lawyers in point of time who practiced at the
Albemarle bar. He was a member of the House of Bur-
gesses, and of the Continental Congress. He owned large
tracts of land in the county, among them Belmont, the Bar-
racks and Pen Park. By his influence as a Congressman,
he procured the establishment of the Prison Camp at the
Barracks. He made his home for some years at Belmont,
but on receiving from Mr. Jefferson the appointment of
Register of the Land Ofi&ce he removed to Richmond, and
continued in the discharge of its duties during the remainder
of his life. He died at Belvidere, his country seat near
Richmond, in 1807. He was a public spirited man, and did
much to improve his city property, building among other
houses what was afterwards known as the Gamble mansion,
in the erection of which his death was caused by falling
from a ladder. His wife was Margaret, daughter of Gabriel
Jones, the distinguished Valley lawyer. His son Jacquelin
married Mary, the only daughter of Chief Justice Marshall,
and his daughter Gabrielle, a great beauty and wit, became
the wife of the elder Thomas Mann Randolph in his old age,
a marriage which produced a prodigious sensation at the
time, and which occasioned some prudent advice on the part
of Mr. Jefferson to his daughter, the wife of Mr. Randolph's
son, in accordance with the wonderful practical wisdom that
dwelt in the man. After the death of her husband, Gabrielle
was married to Dr. John W. Brockenbrough, of Richmond
and the W^arm Springs.

HAYS.

Four persons named Hays came to the county from
Augusta about 1780, William, James, David and John, It
—15

226 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

is likely they were brothers ; James and David certainly
were. William bought land from Thomas Smith on the
head waters of Mechum's River. He married Charity, a
sister of Rev. Benjamin Burgher, and in 1795 sold out and
removed to Kentucky. James at first settled in the same
vicinity, but afterwards purchased from John Mills a tract
that included the present farm of Brooksville. There just
before the close of the last century he laid out the town of
New York, and disposed of a number of lots. For many
years he kept a tavern, a well known stand in its day, which
after his death was carried on by his widow. He displayed
such prudent skill in the management of his affairs, that he
was able to devise to his three sons a thousand acres of
land. He died in 1813. His wife was Mary, daughter of
Claudius Buster, who was married a second time to John
Morrison. His children were James, Nathaniel, Thomas,
and Elizabeth, the wife of Robert Brooks. James purchased
the portions of his brothers, who seem to have removed to
Monroe County. He married Margaret Yancey, a daughter
probably of Colonel Charles Yancey. He gradually sold off
his property, and appears to have emigrated to another part
of the country about 1830.

John Hays conducted a public house in the same section,
and died in 1826. David owned land near the foot of Yellow
Mountain, a short distance north of Batesvilie. He was a
farmer, a storekeeper, a ruling elder in the Ivebanon Church,
and for a time Colonel of the Forty-Seventh Regiment. He
died about 1856. Shortly after that time, a son, David T."^
sold his land in that neighborhood, and removed elsewhere.
William, another son as is supposed, married Mary, daugh-
ter of John Dettor, and died not long before, or during, the
war.

HENDERSON.

At an early day the family of Henderson owned land near
Milton, both on the north and south sides of the Rivanna.
A stream which empties into the river below Milton, and
which rises not far from Colle, was for many years known as
Henderson's Branch. John Henderson bought the land on

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 227

which Milton stands from Dr. Arthur Hopkins, who entered
it in 1732. He died in 1786. It is conjectured his wife was
a Bennett, as that was a given name in the family from gen-
eration to generation. His children were John, Bennett,
William, Klizabeth, the wife of David Crawford, Susan, the
cvife of John Clark, Mary and Hannah, both married to Bul-
locks, and Frances, the first wife of John Thomas, of Am-
herst.

John Jr. , was the owner, by gift from his father and father-
in-law, of a large quantity of land lying below Milton, and
in the Biscuit Run Valley. He was manifestly a man of in-
fluence on his own account. He was a magistrate, and filled
the office of Sheriff, though in consequence of the loss of the
early records the time is not known. He died in 1790, only
four years after the death of his father. His wife was Frances,
daughter of John Moore, and his children Bennett, Matthew,
William, Mary, the wife of Hopkins lycwis, Frances, the
wife of John Hines, Sarah, the wife of Micajah Clark, and
Elizabeth, the wife of Peter Martin. Bennett emigrated to Jes-
samine County, Kentucky, about 1800, and Matthew followed
him a few years later. William, who married Rebecca,
daughter of John Hudson, conveyed six hundred acres on Bis-
cuit Run to Walter Coles in 1806, when he presumably joined
his kindred in the West. John Hines lived at the Pillars of
Hercules, now known as Millington, sold the place in 1807 to
Thomas Ellis, and removed to Kentucky, where after his de-
cease his widow became the wife of John Nicoll, of Allen
County, Hopkins Ivcwis lived on a farm on Biscuit Run
given his wife by her father, but his management of it was so
intolerable, that in 1801 the court took it from his control,
and in 1827 his seven children, scattered over Kentucky and
Tennessee, appointed attorneys to dispose of it.

Bennett, the second son of John Sr., was a man of much
consideration. He was a magistrate of the county. It was on
his land Milton was built. He resided there, and in the
exercise of a liberal, enterprising spirit erected a large flour-
ing mill, and a tobacco warehouse, that during the next
thirty years preserved the name of Henderson in the commu-

228 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

nity. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Charles
Lewis Jr., of Buck Island, and had twelve children, John,
who married Ann B. Hudson, sister of his cousin William's
wife, William, Sarah, the wife of John R. Kerr, James,
Charles, Isham, Bennett, Hillsborough, Eliza, the wife of
John H. Bullock, Frances, the wife of Thomas Hornsby,
lyucy, the wife of John Wood, and Nancy Crawford, the wife
of Matthew Nelson. Bennett Henderson died comparatively
young in 1793, and within the next fifteen years his widow
and all her children had removed to Kentucky. Their land
around Milton, which was sold to Craven Peyton, came into
Mr. Jefferson's hands in 1811 ; and in the deed to Mr, Jeffer-
son, evidently written by his own hand in the precise lan-
guage which marks all his writings, there is a full account
of Bennett Henderson's family.

James P. Henderson was a grandson of Justice John Blair,
of the United States Supreme Court, and one of the heirs of
Blair Park. By purchasing the interest of John Blair Peachy,
the other heir, in 1831, he became the sole owner. He mar-
ried Margaret C, daughter of Richard Pollard, and grand-
daughter of Robert Rives, and had one child, Pauline, who
became the wife of David M. Clarkson, of New York, He put
an end to his own life at Cocke's Tavern in 1835,

HENING.

William Waller Hening, the compiler of the Statutes at
Large of Virginia, was at one time a resident of Charlottes-
ville, and a regular practitioner at its bar. He settled in the
town in 1793, and seems to have come from Spotsylvania.
His place of residence was first on the southern boundary
of the place, near where Vandegrift's Planing Mill recently
stood, and subsequently on the south side of University Street,
not far from the Delavan Church. He dealt somewhat in
real estate, but apparently not with much success. He was
the owner of a Distillery which was once located beside the
spring on the west side of the old Lynchburg Road, a little
northeast of Orangedale, and with which his name was asso"
ciated long after his removal from the county. This event

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 22 9

occurred in 1805, when he went to Richmond to engage in
the useful work of collecting and publishing the Laws of
Virginia. He was unquestionably induced to undertake this
task by Mr. Jefferson, to whom it had been a matter of deep
interest and great labor for many years. He was also asso-
ciated with William Munford in publishing Hening & Mun-
ford's Reports. His wife was Agatha, daughter of Henry
Banks. Mr. Hening continued to hold the ownership of
some lots in the southern portion of the town, and of some
land near Moore's Creek, which was finally closed out in 1830
by his son-in-law, Robert G. W. Spotswood. He died in
Richmond in 1828.

HOPKINS.

As early as 1732, Dr. Arthur Hopkins, who resided on one
of the branches of Byrd Creek in Goochland, obtained a
patent for four hundred acres where Milton now stands, an-
other in 1748 for nearly twenty-three hundred on Totier Creek,
and a third in 1765 for fourteen hundred and seventeen be-
tween Hardware and Totier, which had been granted to Har-
din Burnley, but forfeited for failure to pay the quit rents.
He died in 1766. He and his wife Elizabeth had eight chil-
dren, Samuel, John, Arthur, William, James, Lucy, the wife
of George Robinson, of Pittsylvania, Mary, the wife of
Joseph Cabell, and Isabel.

Samuel married Isabella Taylor, a cousin of President
Madison's grandmother, and of President Taylor's grand-
father, and an aunt of John Taylor, of Caroline. Their son
Samuel was Lieutenant Colonel of the Tenth Virginia in the
Revolution, and General in Kentucky in the war of 1812, for
whom Hopkins County and Hopkinsville in that State were
named. Arthur went to Kentucky, and died unmarried.
William lived in Albemarle on Totier. He married Eliza-
beth daughter of Jacob Moon, and died in 1820. His
children were Ann, the wife of Peter Porter, who removed to
Missouri, Mildred, the wife of James Thomas, Jane, the
wife of Littleberry Moon, and mother of Samuel O. Moon,
Mary, Margaret, Isabel, the wife of Henry Turner, and
mother of the venerable William H. Turner, Elizabeth, the

230 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

wife of Jesse Haden, Samuel — the last two emigrated to
Kentucky — and William. William had his home in the
vicinity of Scottsville, married Rebecca Estis, and died in
1832. His children were Mary, the wife of Lain B. Jones,
Martha, the wife of John H. Henderson, James, and Mar-
garet, the wife of Moses Arnold.

James, the son of Dr. Arthur, was the accomplished phy-
sician who settled in Nelson County, and as already narrated, P'T^---
was basely murdered in 1803. '"^

Mary, daughter of Mary Hopkins and Joseph Cabell, be-
came the wife of John Breckinridge, then of Botetourt County,
but subsequently United States Senator from Kentucky, and
Mr, Jefferson's Attorney General. Mr. Cabell, who had
bought the glebe of St. Anne's on the south fork of Totier,
presented it to his daughter, and there Mr. Breckinridge
made his residence from 1785 to 1793, when he removed to
Kentucky. During that time he was a member of the
Albemarle bar, and in 1792 in the interval between the
resignation of the first John Nicholas, and the appointment
of the second, as Clerk of the county, he acted as Clerk pro
tern. His two eldest children were born in Albemarle, one
of whom was the father of the Vice President.

HUDSON.

One of the earliest patentees of land in the wilds of Albe-
marle was Charles Hudson, of Hanover. His first entry was
made in 1730 on the Hardware, below Carter's Bridge. It
was for two thousand acres, and within the next three
years he obtained grants for sixteen hundred more in the
same locality. It embraced Mount Air, which was one of
the seats of the Hudson family for more than a hundred years.
The stream entering the south side of the Hardware below
Mount Air, was formerly known as Hudson's Creek. Charles
Hudson also took out a patent in 1735 for two thousand acres
on Ivy Creek, southwest of Ivy Depot, which he sold two
years later to the elder Michael Woods. It is almost certain
he never lived in Albemarle himself. He died in 1748, and
the executor of his estate was his son-in-law, John Wingfield.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 231

His wife was probably a Royall, and his children were Wil-
liam, John, Christopher, Mary, the wife of John Wingfield,
Elizabeth, the wife of Nicholas Johnson, Rebecca, the wife
of Robert Wathen, Sarah, the wife of Richard Holland, and
Ann, the wife of Joseph Lewis. In 1762 Mary Wingfield,
still living in Hanover, conveyed to her son Charles part of
five hundred acres in Albemarle given her by her father, and
named Prospect, where Charles was living at the time. This
Charles was the forefather of most of the Wingfields, who
have since resided in the county.

John Hudson had his residence on the lower Hardware.
He died in 1768. He and his wife Ann had four children,
Charles, John, Christopher, and Mary, the wife of a Gaines.
Charles married Jane, daughter of Colonel Charles Lewis Jr.,
of Buck Island. Their daughter, Martha Eppes, was the
wife of Tucker Moore Woodson, who about 1804 removed to
Kentucky. Charles Hudson seems not to have been pros-
perous in his affairs. In 1807 he exchanged with Samuel
Dyer the place on Hardware where he lived, for a tract of land
in Barren County, Kentucky, to which he probably removed.
John, whose residence was on the Hardware, died in 1801.
His children were John, who died in 1827, Charles, who died
in 1837, and whose daughter Isaetta became the wife of Isaac
R. Barksdale, Elizabeth, the wife of Charles A. Scott,
Rebecca, the wife of William Henderson, Sarah, Mary, the
wife of a Cobbs, and Ann Barber, the wife of John Hender-
son.

Christopher, the son of the first Charles, displayed more of
the ability and thrift of his father than any other of his de-
scendants. At the time of his death, which took place in 1825,
he was the possessor of more than five thousand acres of
land. He was appointed a magistrate in 1800, but four
years after resigned. His home was at Mount Air. He
married Sarah, daughter of David Anderson, and his chil-
dren were Elizabeth, the wife of George Gilmer, and Ann,
the wife of William Tompkins. His grandson, Thomas W.
Gilmer, had charge of the administration of his large estate.

232 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

HUGHES.

Thomas Hughes, who came from Buckingham, and lived
on James River, died in 1779. His children were William,
Moses, Mary, the wife of a Jude, and Rebecca, the wife of a
Ball. William was a man of some prominence. He was
acting as a magistrate of the county in 1783, and served as
Sheriff in 1797. He and his wife Mary had five children,
Rebecca, Robert, Jane, the wife of Alexander Fretwell,
Hannah, the wife of Edward Thomas, and Sarah, the wife of
Samuel Irvin. He died in 1813.

Stephen Hughes was a large landholder near Charlottes -
ville at the time the town was established. In 1764 he pur-
chased from John Grills nearly a thousand acres on Moore's
Creek, including the mouth of Biscuit Run. In June 1762
he bought from Colonel Richard Randolph, of Henrico, five
hundred and fifty -eight acres lying mainly on the east side
of the present Scottsville Road, and extending from the
limits of the town beyond Moore's Creek; this tract, except
a few acres, he sold in 1765 to Creed Childress, who the
same year sold it to Nicholas L,ewis. His dwelling was not
far from where the old Lynchburg Road crosses Moore's
Creek. He died in 1793. He was twice married, and his
children were Stephen, Mary, the wife of James Mayo, Ed-
ward, Sarah, and Letitia, the wife of Francis Taliaferro.
Stephen about 1810 built a mill on Moore's Creek, which
occupied the site of that which now belongs to Jesse L.
Maury. He disposed of it to John Wheeler, who in 1820
sold it to Reuben Maury and John M. Perry. Edward died
about 1826. His wife was Elizabeth Chisholm, and his
children Nancy,; Mary, Martha, Susan, Sarah, William
and John. Mary became the wife of Washington Chiles, who
was for many years one of the cabinet makers of the town,
and lived on the south side of Main Street, east of the Per-
ley Building.

IRVIN.

Rev. William Irvin was one of the early Presbyterian
ministers of the county. He received his education in part
at the school of Rev. John Todd in Louisa. He was received

HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 233

by the Presbytery of Hanover in 1769, and settled as pastor
of the Cove and Rockfisb Churches in 1771. He married
Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Holt, who served in the Rev-
olution as First Lieutenant in the Fourth Virginia, and who
purchased land from Colonel Charles Lewis on the Staunton
Road west of Ivy Depot, where he resided until 1794. Mr.
Irvin bought part of this land from his father-in-law, but
sold it in 1783, and the same year purchased from Charles
Martin a farm on the south fork of Hardware, where J.
Goulet Martin now lives, and where he made his home until
his death in 1809. His relation to Rockfish Church was
dissolved in 1776, and he then devoted his time to preaching
at the Cove, D. S., and Mountain Plains. In July 1793 his
old preceptor. Rev. John Todd, met with a tragic death on
his return from a meeting of Presbytery at the Cove. The
road on the east side of Persimmon Mountain passed then,
as it does still, along the bed of the South Hardware for a
short distance ; there the venerable minister was found, lying
in the stream with life extinct. Whether he was smitten
with an apoplectic stroke, or whether his horse took fright,
and starting suddenly threw him, was not known. It is said,
he was accustomed to ride a spirited horse.

Mr. Irvin had ten children, some of whom attained a
degree of eminence in the world; Joseph Holt, Margaret.
Elizabeth, the wife of Dabney C. Gooch, Nancy, the wife of
Thomas \V. Gooch, Sarah, the wife of Robert Sangster, John,
William W., James, Thomas and David. Joseph was ad -
mitted to the Albemarle bar in 1796, married Elizabeth,
daughter of William Cole of North Garden, and died in 1805.
leaving two daughters, one of whom, Susan, was married
first to Colonel Thomas Wood, and was the mother of Dr.
Alfred Wood and Mrs. Jeremiah A. Early, and secondly to
John Fray. John lived on the old place, was a magistrate
of the county, and died in 1828, leaving a number of chil -
dren, all of whom removed to Campbell and Prince Edward
Counties. William became a member of the Albemarle bar,
but emigrated to Lancaster, Ohio, where he was appointed
a Judge of the Supreme Court, and elected to Congress in

234 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

1828. Thomas joined his brother William in Ohio, and be-
came Judge of the L,ancaster Circuit. David was also a
lawyer, received the appointment of Governor of Wisconsin
Territory, and afterwards settled in Texas, where he was
left by the war with only the shreds of a large fortune, and
where he shortly after died.

JAMESON.

The Jamesons were settled at an early day on Moorman's
River, both above and below Whitehall. John Jameson took
out a patent for lani on the north side of that stream in 1741,
and Samuel, his brother or son, on the branches of Spring
Creek in 1747. In 1765 Samuel purchased the land in the
old Woods Gap from Archibald Woods, who had entered it
in 1756. His son Alexander sold it in 1809 to David Stephen-
son, of Augusta. Samuel died in 1788. He and his wife
Jean had nine children, four of whom were Alexander,
Thomas, John and Samuel. Samuel Jr., died about 1805.
His wife's name was Margaret, and his children were Han-
nah, the wife of William Harris, Jane, the wife of William
Maupin, Elizabeth, the wife of a Harris, Catharine, the wife
of Nathan Mills, Mary, the wife of Nehemiah Birckhead,
William and Samuel. Some of the sons of this family were
mighty hunters, as is manifest from their frequent reports of
v^olf scalps to the County Court.

It is supposed that Thomas Jameson, who was a physician
in busy practice in Charlottesville the early part of the cen-
tury, was a scion of this stock. In 1806 he lived on the lot
on which the family of J. J. Conner resides at present, and
which he purchased from William G. Garner. In one of his
conveyances it is described as being "on the upper street
leading out to Jameson's Gap," that being evidently the
name of what is now called Turk's Gap. He married Eva-
lina, daughter of William Alcock, and sister of the second
wife of John Kelly. In 1815 he sold his residence to Mr.
Kelly, and it is believed emigrated to the West.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 235

JARMAN.

The first of the Jarman name settled in the county was
Thomas, who obtained a grant of land on Moorman's River
in 1762. His children were Klizabeth, the wife of Zacha-
riah Maupin, Mary, the wife of Benajah Brown, William,
Martha, the wife of Daniel Maupin, Frances, the wife of John
A. Michie, and James. James had his residence on the east
side of the road in Brown's Cove, about a mile south of
Doylesville. He was appointed a magistrate in 1819, and
was frequently employed in the county business of his dis-
trict. He died in 1847, and was succeeded in the homestead
by his son, Miletus, who departed this life in 1874.

William established himself in 1790 near the present
Mechum's Depot. He soon after built the mill at that place,
which was for many years known by his name, and on the
site of which one has existed ever since. In 1805 he and
Brightberry Brown undertook the construction of Brown's
Turnpike, beginning at a point called damping Rock, cross-
ing the Ridge at Brown's Gap, descending through Brown's
Cove, and terminating at Mechum's Depot. A formal accept-
ance of it took place the next year by Commissioners
appointed from both sides of the mountain. William Jarman
died in 1813. He married Sarah, daughter of John Maupin,
and had five sons and six daughters. In 1819 James, his
eldest son, sold his half of the Turnpike to Ira Harris for one
hundred dollars. His son Thomas bought the land on the
summit of the Ridge at the old Woods Gap, and since his
purchase the Gap has generally gone by his name. His
daughter Mary became the wife of the younger William
Woods, of Beaver Creek, and mother of Peter A. Woodsi
formerly one of the merchants of Charlottesville.

JEFFERSON,

Peter Jefferson, the father of the President, was a native
of Chesterfield, and removed to the present limits of Albe-
marle in 1737. He entered the wilderness literally, as when
he first came there were but three or four persons living in
the neighborhood. His first entry was that of a thousand

236 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

acres on the south side of the Rivanna, between Monticello
Mountain and the Henderson land above Milton. Wishing
a more eligible site for his house, he bought from his friend
William Randolph, of Tuckahoe, the Shadwell tract of four
hundred acres, where his distinguished son was born. He
had been a magistrate and Sheriff in Goochland, and when
Albemarle was formed, was one of its original magistrates, and
its Lieutenant Colonel. He also represented the county in the
House of Burgesses. He was employed with Colonel Joshua
Fry to run the boundary line between Virginia and North
Carolina, and to make the first map of Virginia ever drafted.
When William Randolph died in 1747, leaving a son of ten-
der age, he committed him to Mr. Jefferson's care, and more
efficiently to discharge this trust Mr. Jefferson removed to
Tuckahoe, where he resided seven years. This circumstance
explains the difficulty in Mr. Waddell's mind, when in his
Annals of Augusta County, he wondered how Thomas lycwis
and his friends, who had gone to Mr. Jefferson's to make a
map of the survey of the Northern Neck line, could ride from
his house to Richmond to hear preaching on Sunday. He
returned to Albemarle in 1755, and died in 1757. His wife
was Jane, daughter of Isham Randolph, of Dungeness, and
his children Jane, who died unmarried, Thomas, Randolph,
Mary, the wife of Thomas Boiling, Martha, the wife of Dabney
Carr, Lucy, the wife of Charles Lilburn Lewis, and Ann,
the wife of Hastings Marks.

Thomas was born in 1743, married in 1771 Martha, daugh-
ter of John Wayles, of Charles City, and widow of Bathurst
Skelton, and died July 4, 1826. He had two daughters,
Martha, the wife of Governor Thomas Mann Randolph, and
Mary, the wife of John W. Eppes. He was one of the largest
landholders in the county, being assessed in 1820 with four
thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine acres. Soon after
attaining his majority, he was appointed a magistrate of the
county, and at the first session of the County Court after
his decease, the following memorial was entered upon its
records :

"As a testimonial of respect for the memory of Thomas
Jefferson, who devoted a long life to the service of his coun-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 2 37

try, the principles of liberty, and the happiness of mankind;
who aided conspicuously in the cause of the American Revolu-
tion ; who drafted the Daclaration of the principles, on which
the Independence of these States was declared; who uni-
formly exerted his great talents to aid both the civil and
religious liberties of his countrymen, and by whose practical
administration of the principles he had promulgated in many
stations, legislative, diplomatic and executive, in which he
had acted as a public functionary, the equal rights of his
countrymen were promoted, and secured at home and abroad ;
who, uniting to a native benevolence a cultivated philan-
thropy, was peculiarly endeared to his countrymen and
neighbors, who were witnesses of his virtue:

Resolved therefore that this testimonial be recorded as a
perpetual memorial of respect and affection of his country-
men, and of the Court of Albemarle, of which he was once a
member; and

Resolved that this Court and its officers, as a testimony of
public respect, will wear crape on the left arm for thirty days,
and will now adjourn,"

Randolph Jefferson in 1781 married Ann, daughter of
Charles L,ewis Jr , of Buck Island. He had his residence in
Fluvanna County. He had two sons, Thomas and Isham
R. Thomas was twice married, first to his cousin Mary R.,
daughter of Charles Lilburn Lewis, and secondly in 1858 to
Mrs. Elizabeth Barker, daughter of Henry Siegfried. His
children were Peter Field and Robert L Peter Field lived
in Scottsville, and by his shrewdness and frugality amassed
a large fortune. He died in 1861, leaving a son bearing his
own name, and a daughter, the wife of Peter Foland. Peter
Field Jr., died in 1867. Robert L. married Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Robert Moorman, lived near Porter's Precinct, and
died in 1858. His children were Eldridge, who lived in the
same section of the county till after the war, and Mary, the
wife of Albert W. Gantt.

A story is told of Randolph, that one day he came to his
brother to unburden his mind of a weighty idea that had
struck him, and announced himself thus: "Tom, I'll tell you

238 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

how to keep the squirrels from pillaging the corn. You see
the}' always get on the outside row. Well then, don't plant
any outside row" — which, if true, well illustrates a reflection
of Miss Sarah Randolph, "It is curious to remark the unequal
distribution of talent in this family, each gifted member seem-
ing to have been made so at the expense of one of the others. "
A Thomas Jefferson, who in the first days of the county
was one of its deputy Surveyors, was no doubt a brother of
Peter, the President's father.

JONES.

Many persons named Jones have lived in Albemarle.
Orlando Jones appears at the earliest date. In 1760 he bought
four hundred acres from John Scott, and fourteen years later
four hundred more from Joseph Anthony, both tracts being
on the waters of Totier, It was unquestionably at his place
that Major Anbury, and others of the Saratoga prisoners,
were quartered, while in the county ; and there is as little ques-
tion that it is the same place near Glendower, that was recently
occupied by the late R. J. lyccky. Jones married as his sec-
ond wife Elizabeth Clayton, sister of Edith, wife of Rev.
Charles Clay, and daughter or niece of John Clayton, the
celebrated botanist of Virginia. He died in 1793. His"
widow was subsequently married to William Walker, and his
son. Lain, succeeded to the homestead, which then went by
the name of Mount Gallant. In 1800 Lain was the bearer of
a challenge from George Carter to James Lewis, and together
with his principal was placed under bonds. He died in
1805, leaving three sons, Orlando, Lain B., and William.
Lain B. in 1825 married Mary, daughter of Captain William
Hopkins. His mode of living led to the incumbering of his
estate, and in 1824 it was sold under a deed of trust to John
Neilson, one of the builders of the University. When after
the death of Neilson the place was sold by Andrew- Leitch,
his executor, it was purchased by James Jones, a gentleman
of considerable wealth. He made it his residence until his
death in 1838. He and his wife Margaret had six children,
James, William, Ann, Sarah, Lucy, the wife of a Moseley,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 239

and Virginia. The next year the plantation was sold to
John H. Coleman and Dr. Samuel W. Tompkins.
/ In 1762 a James Jones bought eight hundred acres from
Joseph Anthony at the northeast corner of Dudley's Moun-
tain. His home was on the old Lynchburg Road, and Jones's
Still House, and Jones's Branch constantly occur in the
early records as marking the lines of the road precincts.
He had a son, James Jr., who lived on part of the estate.
It is believed that Allen Jones, who resided in the same
vicinity, was also a descendant. Allen married Nancy,
daughter of John Carr. In 1821 he was desirous of remov-
ing South, and advertised his place for sale. He finally
sold in 1833 to John H. Maddox, and presumably accom-
plished his purpose.

In 1765, John Jones, of I^ouisa, bought from Henry Ter-
rell more than eight hundred acres adjoining Batesville, and
including Castle Mountain. During the next eight years he
purchased from William Garrett upwards of thirteen hun-
dred in North Garden, on the north side of Tom's Mountain.
He sold in 1778 a thousand and eighty-one acres of that
lying east of Israel's Gap to William Cole, of Charles City,
and a portion of that lying west to Robert Field in 1782.
He died in 1793. His wife's name was Frances, and his son
John in 1806 married Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel White.
The son's home was on Beaver Creek, where his grandson,
James Rea, now resides, and he died in 1868. His children
were Nancy, the wife of William Woods, Mary, the wife of
Thomas Grayson, Elizabeth, the wife of Bland Rea, and
Sarah Jane, the wife of John M. Godwin.

Thomas Jones, who commenced his purchase of land in
1767, became the owner of more than twelve hundred acres
on Blue Run, and the Orange line. The most of it was
acquired from Thomas Garth, and his son John. Jones sold
the larger portion of it to Francis Gray. He died in 1799.

Later appeared on the scene John R. Jones, a name well
remembered by many. Perhaps no man in the county ever
led a more energetic and industrious life. He was at first
connected in business with his brother-in-law, Nimrod

240 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Bramham, with whom he subsequently entered into partner-
ship. This was dissolved in 1821, when Mr. Jones became
a merchant on his own account. In 1819 he was appointed
a magistrate, and was active in performing the duties of
that office. He was constantly called upon to act as trustee,
or administrator, in managing the affairs of others. Par-
ticularly as trustee of Kdmund Anderson, he took charge of
his property in this county in 1829, and sold off the remain-
ing lots in Anderson's Addition to Charlottesville. He was
the first President of the Branch of the Farmers' Bank of
Virginia established in Albemarle. In 1814 he purchased
the square west of the Baptist Church, and built the brick
mansion which was some time his residence. In his latter
years he was embarrassed by financial troubles, and died in
1868. His wife was Gilly Marshall, and his children
William, the father of Rev. J. William Jones, Dr. James L,.,
Gen. John M.. who fell in 1864 at Spotsylvania C. H.,
Thomas, Marj', the wife of James M. Daniel, Ariadne, the
wife of T. T Hill, Georgiana and Gilly.

Still later Dr. Basil Jones, the father of James D. and
Major Horace, was for a time a citizen of Charlottesville.

jouETT. j^i y?. n 5^

Among the earliest entries on the Court records of Albe-
marle in 1745, is a notice of the death of Matthew Jouett, and
the appointment of John Moore as his executor. It can
scarcely be doubted that John Jouett, who was for many years
a prominent citizen of Charlottesville, was a son of this
Matthew. In 1773 John purchased from John Moore one hun-
dred acres adjoining the town on the east and north, and at
that time most likely erected the Swan Tavern, of famous
memory. Three years later he bought from the same gentle-
man three hundred acres south of the town, including the
mill now owned by Hartman. In 1790 he laid out High
Street, with the row of lots on either side, and by an act of
the Legislature they were vested in trustees to sell at auction
after giving three weeks' notice in the Virginia Gazette. He
kept the Swan until his death in 1802. In the Central Ga-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 241

zette of October 8th, 1824, there appeared an earnest appeal
to the citizens of Charlottesville to erect a stone over his grave,
but the voice died away unheeded, and the grave is now un-
known. At the time of his death, and for many years after,
no public place of burial in the town existed. According to
the custom of that day, he was most probably buried in the
yard in the rear of his house, and his remains lie somewhere
in the square on which the old Town Hall is situated. His
wife was Mourning, daughter of Robert Harris, of Brown's
Cove, and his children Matthew, John, Robert, Margaret, the
wife of Nathan Crawford, Mary, the wife of Thomas Allen,
Frances, the wife of Menan Mills, Elizabeth, the wife of
Clifton Rodes, Charles, and Susan, the wife of Thomas C.
Fletcher.

Matthew was a Captain in the Revolutionary army, and
fell in the battle of Brandywine. John succeeded his father
in conducting the Swan, but shortly after removed to Bath
County, Kentucky. His wife was Sarah Robards, a sister of
the first husband of President Jackson's wife. Robert was
also a Captain in the war of the Revolution, and afterwards a
member of the Albemarle bar. He owned and resided on
the lot on the Square where the Saunders House now stands.
He died in 1796, leaving a daughter Alice, who became the
wife of James W. Bouldin, of Charlotte County. She and
her husband in 1818 conveyed this lot, and the square on
High Street on which Dr. Hugh Xelson lives, to John Winn.
Charles Jouett removed to the West. In the latter part of
1804 he was in Detroit, but whether he settled there is not
known. His father devised to him the tract of laud south of
Charlottesville, and in 1813 he and his wife Susan conveyed
it to William D. Meriwether. This explains why the mill
was known as Meriwether's for manj^ years, ^lost of the
daughters removed with their husbands to Kentucky.

The general tradition about Charlottesville has always
been, that it was John Jouett Sr. who performed the exploit
of outstripping Tarleton, and apprising Mr. Jefferson and the
Legislature of his approach in 1781. It was supposed that
the appeal for a monument to be raised to his memory al-
—16

242 HISTOKY OF ALBEMARLE

ready alluded to, was based upon the recognition of the
splendid act, by which he honored the town of his residence,
and conferred one of the greatest benefits on the State and
country ; but unfortunately the file of papers which contained
the appeal, was consumed in 1895 by the fire at the Univer-
sity where it was deposited. It has recently been learned
from Thomas M. Green, of Kentucky, that the descendants
of the family residing in that State, claim that the bold and
opportune ride from Ivouisa C. H, was made by John Jouett
Jr., that the Legislature of Virginia presented him with a
sword in commemoration of the deed, and that the sword
still remains in the family as a testimonial of the fact. If
the sword was given by the Legislature, the act, or resolu-
tion, directing the presentation ought to appear in its pro-
ceedings; but Hening's Statutes for the period have been
searched for it in vain. As the father and son bore the same
name, might it not be that the achievement belonged to the
father, and the sword of acknowledgment descended by gift
or inheritance to the son?

KELLY.

John Kelly was already engaged in business in Charlottes-
ville under the firm of John Kelly & Co. in 1795. He had
previously been a citizen of Lancaster County, Virginia, and
from that county was accompanied by his first wife, Sarah
Norris, the daughter of his uncle. She died a few years after,
and in 1802 he married Mary, daughter of William Alcock.
For many years he transacted business as a merchant with
great success. About the beginning of the century, he
received into partnership his nephew, Opie Norris, of Lan-
caster, who married his daughter Cynthia. His other daugh-
ter, Kliza, became the wife of Dr. John C. Ragland. In 1803 he
purchased from Hudson Martin Lot No. Three, on the west
corner of Fifth Street and the Square, where his store was
located. In 1814 he bought from John Nicholas, who then
resigned the County Clerkship, four hundred and forty acres,
extending from near the western boundary of the town across
Preston Heights to Meadow Creek. In 1816 he gave to Mrs.
Norris Lot No. Four, runnin;j from Jefferson Street to the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 243

old People's Bank, which he had acquired in 1809 from Edward
Butler, and to Mrs. Ragland the north half of Lot Fifty-Nine,
and Lot Sixty, at present occupied by the family of J. J. Con-
nor, and Dr. Joseph Norris. In 1821 he contemplated remov-
ing to another part of the country, and advertised for sale
his land west of the town; and in 1824 he sold to Rev. John
D, Paxton thirty-three acres on the north side of University
Street, reaching from Harris's Warehouse to the Junction.
In 1828 he purchased from Rice Wood the property on
Park Street, where he built the large brick in which he
resided till his death, and which his widow occupied till her
death during the war, Mr. Kelly was often employed in the
general affairs of the town, discharging many responsibilities
as administrator, trustee, and offices of a similar kind. He was
a man of earnest piety, assisting in the founding of the South
Plains Presbyterian Church, in which he was a ruling elder,
and in the erection of the old Presbyterian house of worship
in town. He died in Staunton in 1830, on his way to or from
the Virginia Springs.

His son-in-law, Dr. Ragland, died in 1821. He was
exceedingly popular both as a man, and as a physician. His
death was greatly lamented, and his remains were followed by
a large concourse of friends and Masons to the family burying
ground in Louisa. Four or five physicians at once settled in
Charlottesville, to fill the gap occasioned by his decease.
His widow was some years after married to Talbot Bragg, and
subsequently removed with him and her children to Mis-
souri.

Opie Norris, his other son-in-law, was an enterprising and
prosperous man. He was concerned in many other engage-
ments, in addition to his stated business as a merchant. For
many years he was one of the town trustees, sometimes act-
ing as their president. In 1819 he was appointed a magis-
trate of the county, and filled the office with much diligence.
He was Secretary and Treasurer of the Rivanna and Rock-
fish Gap Turnpike Co., and awarded the contracts for the
construction of that road! At one time he owned the Swan,
and half of the Eagle Tavern. With Dr. Charles Everett he

244 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

was largely interested in the real estate of Anderson's Addi-
tion to the town. He departed this life in 1839.

KERR.

James Kerr, an emigrant from Scotland, came to the county
about 1762, and soon after bought a small place at the head
of Ivy Creek, He subsequently leased the present Birdwood
plantation, in 1773 purchased it from the trustees of John
Dabney, and made it his residence for twenty -seven years.
During this time he became a man of no little note and con-
sideration in the community. When the records made a second
beginning in 1783, he was one of the acting magistrates, and
frequently participated in the deliberations of the County
Court. He was appointed Sheriff in 1793. He was a ruling
elder in the D. S. Church. In 1800 he sold the Birdwood
place to Hore Brouse Trist, and bought from Michael
Woods, son of Colonel John, a farm on Mechum's River, not
far above the Depot of that name. From increasing age, or
because of the distance from the county seat, he took no fur-
ther part in public business. In 1808 he sold his property
to James Kinsolving Sr., and removed to Kentucky. After
the death of Sarah, his first wife, he married Susan, widow
of David Rodes. This union was a brief one, as Mrs. Kerr
died in 1798. She left a will, which for want of proof was
not recorded; and it was not till 1826 that it was sent to
Georgetown, Ky., to procure the depositions of Wil-
liam Rodes, and Milton and Rodes Burch, to prove the hand-
writing of David Kerr, a deceased witness to the document.

The children of James Kerr, as far as known, were James,
John Rice, David, Mary, the wife of Samuel Burch, and Kliza-
beth, the wife of Joseph J. Monroe, a brother of the President.
James seems to have been a young man of tact and spright-
liness, but of prodigal life. He once owned the lots on which
the Parish House, and the old Presbyterian Church, now
stand. He died in Richmond in 1788, leaving a short will
written in a light, sceptical tone; and when it was presented
for probate, until his father gave his consent, his brother
magistrates declined admitting it to record. John Rice was
admitted to the Albemarle bar, but appears not to have prac-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 245

tised. In 1807 he was appointed a magistrate, and with his
father served as an elder in the D. S. Church. He married
Sarah, daughter of Bennett Henderson, and lived for a time
on the south side of the Staunton Road, where it crosses
Ivy Creek, on land that belonged to his brother-in-law, Sam-
uel Burch. He accompanied, or followed, his father to
Kentucky, and there entered the Presbyterian ministry. A
son named for Andrew Hart lived near Memphis, Tenn., and
was Moderator of the Southern General Assembly, when it
convened in that city in 1868. David Kerr married Dorothy,
daughter of the elder Clifton Rodes, and by many years pre-
ceded the rest of his family in removing to Kentucky.

KEY.

John Key was one of the pioneers who fixed their abodes
within the present limits of the county. He made his first
entry of land in 1732, and up to 1741 had obtained patents
for nearly twelve hundred acres on the west side of the South
West Mountain. His home was where William W. Minor
now resides. His children were Martin, John, and Mary,
the wife of a Dalton. Martin succeeded to the home and
estate of his father, and by repeated purchases became the
owner of all the land reaching from Edgemont, the place of
the late Henry Magruder, down to the bend of the river on
the farm of the late R. F. Omohundro. He died in 1791.
He and his wife Ann had twelve children, Thomas, JohnT"
Martin, Tandy, Joshua, William Bibb, Henry, Jesse, James,
Walter, Elizabeth, the wife of James Daniel, and Martha, the
wife of John White. Each of the sons was comfortably pro-
vided for by their father's will, though intimations are there
given that the habits of some unfitted them for the proper
management of their affairs.

Within the first score of years in the present century, the
members of this household-were for the most part scattered
over the South and West. Thomas removed to South Caro-
lina, where he invented some contrivance for the more effect-
ive action of water wheels. The families of John, James
and Martha emigrated to Kentucky and Tennessee, and that
of Elizabeth, to North Carolina. Tandy lived for many years

246 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

in the southern part of the county near Covesville, but is
said to have removed eventually to Fluvanna County. Jesse
P., a son of Tandy, married Sarah, daughter of the younger
William Woods, of Beaver Creek, and lived for some time
near Mechum's Depot. William Bibb married Mourning,
daughter of Christopher Clark, and went to Elbert County,
Georgia. Henry settled in Bedford County, and Jesse died
in Richmond in 1826. Walter appears to have been the only
one who spent his whole life in the county, and his death
occurred in 1834. John, Tandy and Joshua were all magis-
trates of the county, and Walter was appointed to the office,
but declined to accept. John served as Sheriff in 1795, and
Tandy in 1809. John was an Ensign in the Eighth Virginia,
and Henry a soldier in the army of the Revolution.

KINKEAD.

The Kinkeads were early settlers in the western part of
the county. As far as can be made out, there were three
l)rothers of the name, David, Joseph and James. In 1746
David patented nearly eight hundred acres on the north fork
of Rockfish, and the next year four hundred more on Stock-
ton's Creek. By entry and purchase together, the family
connection became the owners of not far from three thousand
acres in that vicinity. Joseph, James and John, probably
the son of Joseph, appear as subscribers to the call of Rev.
Samuel Black in 1747. The homes of Joseph and James
were situated about half a mile west of Immanuel Church,
on the place now owned by Rev. Dabney Davis. Aft old
graveyard, a few hundred yards south of Mr. Davis's house,
is still known in the neighborhood as the Kinkead burying
ground ; a broken down wall, and a few rough stones, are all
that mark the spot. James died in 1762, leaving three sons,
Thomas, John and James, and probably two more, Matthew
and Andrew, and a daughter, the wife of Ninian Clyde.
Joseph died in 1774. His children were Jean, the wife of
Hugh Alexander, John, and Ruth, the wife of Andrew Grier.

Hugh Alexander had a mill, which at one time was a noted
centre in that section ; roads were made to it from every quar-
ter. It was i)nilt on Stockton's Creek, not far from the foot of

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 247

the hill west of Hillsboro. In subsequent years it was known
as Keyes's, and still later as Humphrey's Mill. It is supposed
Andrew Grier was one of the early merchants of that vicinity.
He was the owner of nearly six hundred acres adjoining Yel-
low Mountain, which, likely in liquidation of his debts, he
conveyed in 1766 to Jeremiah Parker and Richard Warden,
merchants of Philadelphia. In the course of years part of
this land passed into the hands of Johnl^obban Jr., and part
into the hands of Dr. Peter B. Bowen. A grandson of Joseph
Kinkead married a daughter of Adam Dean, another early
settler on Stockton's Creek, and in December 1898, there died
in Greenbrier County, Adam Dean Kinkead, doubtless their
son, at the age of ninety-two. All of the kindred bearing
the name, seem to have removed from the county before
the close of the last century. Its latest appearance on the
records occurs in 1784, when Jean, the widow of James, sold
to Abner Wood a parcel of land in what is known as the
Piper and Patrick neighborhood. She was at that time a res-
ident of Rockbridge County. In the Black call the name is
spelled Kincaid.

KINSOLVING,

In 1788 James Kinsolving began to purchase land near
Mechum's River Depot. The name was variously written in
the early records, Consolver, Kingsolaver, Kinsolving. At
that date a Martin Kinsolving lived near the Burnt Mills.
James Kinsolving was successful in his business pursuits,
and at the time of his death in 1829 owned upwards of four-
teen hundred acres on both sides of Mechum's River. His
home was near the Depot, and bore the name of Temple Hill.
He and his wife Elizabeth were the parents of twelve children,
George W., Diana, Mary, Ann, Elizabeth, Jefferson, Ivucy
Jane, Madison, Napoleon, James, Martha and Amanda-
None bearing this name have for years been resident in the
county, but it has attained a high distinction in the annals
of the Episcopal Church.

George W. married Nancy, daughter of Jonathan Barks-
dale. For some time previous to 1822 he was the proprietor
of the Central Hotel in Charlottesville, but in that year he

248 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

retired to his farm near Mechum's Depot. In 1830 he was
appointed Colonel of the Forty-Seventh Regiment. He was
an earnest Episcopalian, and a vestryman in the North
Garden Church. He died in 1856, leaving one son and
seven daughters. The tendency in the family to remarkable
names was especially apparent in his household. His son,
Ovid Alexander, became an Episcopal clergyman, and
passed his ministerial life mainly near Leesburg and Dan-
ville, Va. Three of his sons entered the Episcopal ministry,
George Herbert, Bishop of Western Texas, Arthur Barksdale,
a prominent rector in Brooklyn, N. Y., and Eucien Lee,
recently consecrated Bishop of Brazil. The names of the
seven daughters were selected with a view to having V as
the initial, and A as the final letter — Virginia, the wife of
William A. Abney, Vienna, the wife of William C. Fret-
well, Veturia, the wife of Thomas Clark, Volusia, Verona,
Verbelina, and Vermelia.

Diana was the wife of Clifton Garland Jr., and a grandson
of hers was Rev. Howard McQuary, who, because of his
extreme views on Evolution, was a few years ago deposed
from the Episcopal ministry by the Bishop of Northern
Ohio. Mary was the wife of James W. Eeigh, Ann, the
wife of William B. Wood, and removed to Washington
County, Illinois, Elizabeth, the wife of William M. Brander,
and Martha, the wife of Reuben Wood. Lucy Jane was twice
married, first to Achilles Barksdale, and secondly to Valen-
tine Head. Madison married America, daughter of Philip
Watts, James married Margaret, daughter of Andrew Brown,
of North Garden, and made his home for many years near
the Cross Roads. He became a Baptist minister, was
Treasurer of the County School Commissioners, and about
1835 emigrated to western Kentucky. Most of the children
of this family finally removed to Kentucky, or Missis-
sipj)!.

LEAKE.

The Leakes have been domiciled in the county since its
formation. Walter Leake Jr., patented land on the south
fork of Hardware in 1746, and John on Green Creek in 1748.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 249

It is believed these two were brothers. Data for accurately-
tracing the early relations of this family are wanting, but it
is probable that John L/eake and his wife Ann were the
parents of Samuel and Mask. Samuel was one of the first
Presbyterian ministers, who were natives of Virginia. In 1770
he was installed pastor of the Cove and D. S. Churches , and his
home was four or five miles northeast of Covesville. He
died young in 1775. He and his wife Klizabeth had three
children, Elizabeth, the first wife of Andrew Hart, Sarah,
the wife of Rev. James Robinson, one of Mr lycake's succes-
sors in the Cove pastorate, and Mary. His widow died in
1799.

Mask lyeake lived in the same section of the county, not
far from the South Garden Thoroughfare. He was a ruling
elder in the Cove Church, and frequently represented it in
the Presbytery of Hanover. He died in 1813. His wife
was Patience Morris, and his children William, Walter,
Austin, Samuel, and Lucy, the wife of John Buster. William
succeeded his father at the homestead, and died in 1833. He
and his wife Caroline had five children, Elizabeth, the wife
of an Anderson, Samuel, Walter, William M., and Josiah.
Walter, son of Mask, was deputy Surveyor of the county in
1784, and was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1793. It is
believed he was the Walter lyeake who emigrated to Missis-
sippi, and rose to prominence in the legal and political affairs
of that State. He was elected United States Senator in 1817,
and resigning soon after was appointed to the State bench.
He died in Hinds County in 1825. Austin was also a member
of the Albemarle bar, and died before his father, leaving
two sons, Joseph and Philip Jefferson. Samuel, son of
Mask, was a physician, and practised in the southern part
of the county, and also in Nelson. His wife was Sophia, a
daughter of Richard Farrar, and his children William, Philip,
Samuel, Shelton F., Eliza, and lyucy, the wife of Addison
Gentr3^ who at one time conducted a school for young ladies
near Hillsboro. The career of Shelton F. is well known,
not only in the county, but in the State. His natural gifts
were unusually brilliant. He settled in Charlottesville, was

250 HISTORV OF ALBEMARLE

admitted to the bar in 1838, easih^ attained a place in its

front rank, was a member of the House of Delegates, was

Lieutenant Governor of the State, and for a term represented

the district in Congress. He married Rebecca Gray, and

departed this life in 1884. Samuel in 1836 married M. A.

Boyd of the Cove neighborhood, and finished his course a

few years ago near Hillsboro, where his son William now

resides.

LEVY.

In 1836 Uriah P. Levy, Commodore of the United States
Navy, became a citizen of Albemarle by the purchase of
Monticello. He bought the place from James T. Barclay.
It is commonly understood, that it was owing to his exalted
estimation of Mr. Jefferson's political wisdom and conduct
he was led to become the possessor of his home, and thereby
to identify his name with that of the President. He died in
1862, and having no family of his own, and cherishing the
desire to make the place a permanent memorial of the great
statesman, the Commodore devised Monticello to the United
States as a Hospital for the worn-out tars of the navy; and
that arrangement failing, to the State of Virginia, to be used
as a sort of naval school. By the decisions of the courts,
both dispositions were declared invalid. During the Civil
War the property was confiscated. It was placed for the
time in the hands of care-takers, who took no care of it fur-
ther than to extort as large gratuities as possible from those
who still resorted to it from admiration of its former presid-
ing genius. The whole establishment was greatly injured,
and the monument in its burial place, by the chipping of
relic hunters, was literally reduced to a shapeless block.
When public affairs resumed their usual course, the Commo-
dore's nephew, Jefferson M. Levy, of New York, purchased
the interests of the other heirs, and devoted himself to the
improvement of the estate. Congress also handsomely
enclosed the cemetery, and erected a noble shaft to Jeffer-
son's memory. Filled with the spirit of his distinguished
kinsman, Mr. Levy has been at much pains and expense to
restore things to the same condition in which Mr. Jefferson

HISTORY OF ALBEMARIvE 251

left them; and appreciating the sentiment which impels
multitudes to visit it as a place of pilgrimage, he allows
them entire freedom in repairing to the spot, and surveying
its interesting scenes.

IvKWIS.

Three families named Lewis, apparently not related, have
lived in Albemarle. The first of the name entering lands
within its present limits was Charles, of Goochland, who in
1731 obtained a patent for twelve hundred acres on both sides
of the Rivanna, at the mouth of Buck Island. He also en-
tered nearly three thousand acres in the Rich Cove. As
nearly as can be ascertained, this Charles was the son of
'John Lewis and Isabel Warner. In 1717 he married Mary
Howell, and his children were John, Charles, Elizabeth, the
wife of William Kennon, James, Mary, Howell and Ann.
His home was the place that has since borne the name of
Monteagle. To his son, Charles, he transferred his land on
Buck Island in 1766, the son reconveying it to his father and
mother, and the survivor, for life. Charles Jr., purchased,
chiefly from his cousin Robert Lewis, more than eighteen acres
on the north fork of the Hardware, including what is now
Red Hill Depot, which he gave to his son, Isham. He died
in 1782. His wife was Mary, daughter of Isham Randolph,
of Dungeness, and sister of Peter Jefferson's wife, and his
children were Charles Lilburn, Isham, Mary, the wife first
of Colonel Charles Lewis, of North Garden, and secondly of
Charles Wingfield Jr. , Jane, the wife of Charles Hudson, Eliz-
abeth, the wife of Bennett Henderson, Ann, the wife of Ran-
dolph Jefferson, Frances, the second wife of John Thomas,
and Mildred, the wife of Edward Moore. Isham Lewis
died unmarried in 1790, leaving his estate to his two nephews,
John Lewis Moore and Charles Lewis Thomas. Charles
Lilburn married Lucy Jefferson, sister of the President, and
his children were Randolph, Isham, Lilburn, Jane, the wife
of Craven Peyton, Mary R, , the wife of Thomas Jefferson Jr. ,
Lucy, the wife of Washington Grifi&n, Martha and Ann M.
Randolph lived on his plantation. Back Island, on the north
side of the Rivanna, but in 1805 sold it to David Michie, and

252 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

moved to Goochland. lyilburn also lived on the north side
of the river, and in 1806 disposed of his place to Hugh Nel-
son. His wife was Jane Woodson, by whom he had five
children, among them Mary H., the wife of Charles Palmer,
and mother of Dr. William Palmer, the compiler of the Cal-
endar of the State Papers of Virginia. All the daughters of
Charles lyilburn I^ewis except Jane and Mary, emigrated to
Livingston County, Kentucky.

Robert Lewis, a nephew of the first Charles above men-
tioned, lived at Belvoir, on the east side of the South West
Mountain. He was the son of John Lewis and Frances
Fielding, and a brother of Fielding, Washington's brother-
in-law. He married Jane, daughter of Nicholas Meriwether,
the large landholder, and he was himself one of the largest
landholders in the county. In 1736 he entered upwards of
four thousand acres in North Garden, and in 1740 nearly
sixtj'-five hundred near Ivy Depot. He died in 1765. His
children were John, Nicholas, Robert, Charles, William,
Jane, the wife of Thomas Meriwether, Mary, the wife first of
Samuel Cobb, and secondly of Waddy Thomson, Mildred,
the wife of Major John Lewis, Ann, the wife of another John
Lewis — both of these gentlemen of Spotsylvania and kinsmen
— Elizabeth, the wife of William Barrett, and Sarah, the wife
of Dr. Waller Lewis, of Spotsylvania, son of Zachary Lewis,
and brother of Mildred's husband. John, the eldest son,
received the main portion of his estate in Gloucester.

Nicholas lived at the Farm, adjoining Charlottesville on the
east, a gift from his grandfather, Nicholas Meriwether. He
was a public spirited man, a Captain in the Revolution, a
magistrate, Surveyor and Sheriff of the county, possessed of a
sound judgment and kindly spirit, appealed to on all occasions
to compose the strifes of the neighborhood, the trusted friend
of Mr. Jefferson, and the adviser of his family during his long
absences from home. He married Mary, eldest daughter of
Dr. Thomas Walker, and died in 1808. His children were
Nicholas M., Thomas W., Robert Warner, Jane, the wife of
Hudson Martin, Klizabeth, the wife of William D. Meriwether,
Mildred, the wife of David Wood, Mary, the wife of Isaac

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 253

Miller, and Margaret, the wife of Charles L. Thomas. Nich-
olas married his cousin, Mildred Hornsby, of Kentucky, and
doubtless emigrated to that State. Robert married Elizabeth
Wood, and removed from the county. Thomas W. lived at "^
Ivocust Grove, the northern part of his father's farm. He
was appointed a magistrate in 1791, and died in 1807. In
his will he directed that the families of his servants should
not be separated, and expressed the wish that circumstances
had permitted their emancipation, as according to his view
all men were born free and equal. He married Elizabeth,
daughter of Nicholas Meriwether, and sister of his brother-
in-law, William D., and his children were Nicholas H.
Margaret, the wife of James Clark, Mary, the wife first of
James I^eitch, and secondly of David Anderson, I^ydia, the "
wife of Samuel O. Minor, Thomas, Charles, Elizabeth,
the wife of John C. Wells, Alice, the wife first of George D.
Meriwether, and secondly of John W. Davis, Jane, the wife
first of Walker Meriwether, and secondly of Dr. Richard
Anderson, and Robert W., of Castalia. By far the greater
number of this family emigrated in 1837 to Pike County,
Missouri. In 1804 Mary removed with her husband, Isaac
Miller, to Louisville Ky.

Robert, son of Robert, married a Miss Fauntleroy, and
removed to Halifax County. Charles lived in the North
Garden, where James G. White now resides. He was one
of the first to offer his services at the outbreak of the Revolu-
tionary War. He was Captain of the first volunteer companj'
raised in Albemarle, I^ieutenant Colonel of the first regiment
formed, and afterwards Colonel of the Fourteenth Virginia.
He died in 1779, while in command of the Guards at the
Barracks near Charlottesville. His wife was Mary, daughter
of Charles Lewis Jr. , of Buck Island, and his children Howell^
Charles Warner, who died young, Mary R., the wife of Ed-
ward Carter, Jane, the wife of John Carr, Sarah, the wife of >-
Benjamin Brown, Ann, the wife of Matthew Brown, and
Susan, the wife of Joel Franklin. Mrs. Lewis was married
the second time to Charles Wingfield Jr., and died in 1807.
Howell lived at the old homestead, and died in 1845. His

254 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

wife was Mary, daughter of Thomas Carr, and his children
Thomas Fielding, Howell, of Mechunk, Mar5', the wife of
Clifton Harris, and Sarah, the wife of Ira Harris.

William Lewis, son of Robert, lived at Locust Hill, near
Ivy Depot. He was a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary army.
He died in 1780. His wife was Lucy, daughter of Thomas
Meriwether, and his children, Meriwether, Reuben and Jane,
the wife of Edmund Anderson. Meriwether was the famous
explorer of the Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific Coast, and
while acting as Governor of Missouri Territory, died by h\S:>'^
own hand near Nashville, Tenn., in 1809. Reuben studied
medicine, lived on a part of his father's place, married his
cousin, Mildred Dabney, and died without children in 1844.
Mrs. Lucy Lewis was married the second time to Colonel John
Marks, and with him removed to Wilkes County, Georgia, in
1787 . On the death of Colonel Marks, she returned to Locust
Hill, where she departed this life in 1836. By her last mar-
riage she had one son, John Hastings, who died in Baltimore,
and one daughter, Mary, who became the wife of William
Moore, and lived in Georgia.

The second family of this name sprang from David Lewis,
who, with his brother-in-law, Joel Terrell, in 1734 entered
three thousand acres just west of the University. The next
year his brother, Abraham Lewis entered eight hundred acres,
including the laud the University now occupies. These
brothers belonged to Hanover County. Abraham never lived
in Albemarle, Init David at once settled on the hinder part of
the present Birdwood farm, so that when the county was or-
ganized, his residence was a well known place in the country.
He was an active man, a captain in the militia, one of the
early magistrates, and bore his part in clearing the roads,
and executing other works of public convenience. He died
in 1779, at the great age of ninety-four. He was married
three times, his first wife being a sister of Joel Terrell, and
his third, Mary McGrath, widow of Dr. Hart, of Philadel-
phia. By the first marriage he had eight children, and by
the third three, William Terrell, Susan, the wife of Alexan-
der Mackey, who lived for a time on Ivy Creek, near the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 255

crossing of the Whitehall Road, Hannah, the wife of James
Hickman, probably the son of Edwin Hickman, second Sher-
iff of the county, Sarah, the wife of Abraham Musick, who
lived in the Mechum's Depot vicinity, where his son Kphraim
also lived, and thence emigrated to Kentucky, David, John,
Joel, Ann, the wife first of Joel Terrell Jr., and secondly of
Stephen Willis, Elizabeth, the wife of John Martin, James,
and Miriam, the wife of Gabriel Madison.

William Terrell Lewis kept a tavern on the Staunton Road,
about three miles west of Charlottesville, called at first Ter-
rell's and subsequently lyewis's Ordinary. He married Sarah
Martin, and had eleven children. All the family emigrated
to North Carolina, and later he himself went to Nashville,
where he died in 1802, Three of his sons, Micajah, Joel
and James, were in the battle of Kings Mountain, and Mica-
jah was killed at Guilford C. H. A great, great granddaugh-
ter, Mrs. Patty L,. Collins, has in these last days been in the
Dead Letter Office at Washington, where she is held in high
repute for her marvellous skill in deciphering bad chirogra-
phy. David Jr., was a man of great enterprise and ability.
He owned numerous parcels of land in the Mechum's Depot
section, and carried on a brisk mercantile business in that
vicinity. He also removed to North Carolina just before the
Revolution. Though twice married, he seems to have left
no sons, as in the final settlement of his affairs in Albemarle
in 1794, his legatees all bore other names. John was twice
married, first to Sarah Taliaferro, and secondly to Susan
Clarkson, no doubt a sister of Peter Clarkson, He had
twelve children, among whom were Taliaferro, a brave sol-
dier of the Revolution, Charles C. , whose descendant, William
T., a resident of Louisville, Miss., compiled a history
of the family, Jesse P., and David Jackson, who was a man
of commanding presence, measuring six feet, four inches, was
a soldier in the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794, an active mag
istrate of the county, and the father of eleven children, lived
north of the Rivanna, on the Hydraulic Road, and in
1818 removed to Breckinridge County, Kentucky.

Jesse Pitman was also a soldier of the Revolution. His

256 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

wife was Nancy, daughter of Mauoah Clarkson, His home
was on the Staunton Road, above the University. He died
in 1849, and with him the name of old David Lewis's line in
the county passed away, as he left only daughters. These
were Jane, the wife of Nelson Barksdale, Mary, the wife
first of Julius Clarkson, and secondly of John H. Craven,
Elizabeth, the wife of Reuben Maury, Sophia, the wife of
Michael Johnson, and Sarah, the wife of Alexander St. C.
Heiskell.

James Lewis, son of David Sr., was in his day a figure of
great prominence in the county. He was a gallant soldier of
the Revolution, a magistrate, a contractor, a large landholder,
the owner and keeper for some years of the old Stone Tavern
in Charlottesville, the agent of President Monroe, and much
eraploj'ed both by the Courts and his fellow citizens in the
appraisement and division of estates. His first residence
was doubtless the homestead, the home of old David. He
married Lucy, daughter of John Thomas, by whom he had
eleven children. In 1818 he emigrated to Franklin County,
Tennessee. In 1826 he returned on a visit to Albemarle, and
married the second time Mary, daughter of Peter Marks, and
at last finished his course in Tennessee at the advanced age
of ninety-three.

The head of the third family of the name was John, who
was one of the earliest settlers in the county. He entered
land on Totier Creek in 1741. When the location of the old
courthouse was fixed, he obtained a license to conduct an
ordinary at the place. He seems to have married a daughter
of Samuel Shelton, and had two sons, and a daughter, Jane,
who became the wife of Richard Davenport, and removed to
Georgia. John, the elder sou, died in 1804, and left three
children. Sarah, John Waddy, who died in 1824, and Eliza-
beth. (Jwen, the other son, died in 1805, and his children
were William, John, Hardin P., Howell, Robert, Nicholas,
Daniel P., Zachariah, and Sarah, who was the wife of Jacob
Tihnan. and removed to Tennes.see. Most of the sons were
considerable land owners in the southern part of the county,
particularly on the lower Hardware. Some of them also

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 257

transacted a lucrative business in transporting freight on
James River, and the canal. Hardin P. emigrated to Ala-
bama. In 1821 Robert in a quarrel fatally stabbed Thomp-
son Noel, a tavern keeper in Scottsville, and fled the country.
It is said he went to Memphis, Tenn., and in course of
time acquired a large fortune. A great granddaughter of the
first John Lewis was the first wife of the late Christopher
Gilmer, and a great grandson, Zachariah, recently died in
Nelson County, immediately above the mouth of Rockfish
River. A similarity of names suggests a relationship between
this family and that first mentioned.

LINDSAY.

Reuben Lindsay came to Albemarle from Westmoreland
about 1776. In that year he purchased from John Clark
seven hundred and fifty acres on the east side of the South
West Mountain, where he made his home. During the ensu-
ing twenty years he had purchased upwards of two thousand
acres. He was already a magistrate at the close of the Rev-
olutionary War, frequently sat on the County bench, and was
otherwise often engaged in the duties of that office. He
departed this life in 1831. He was twice married, first to
Sarah, daughter of Dr. Thomas Walker, by whom he had no
children, and secondly to Miss Tidwell. By the last marriage
he had three daughters, Sarah, the wife of James Lindsay,
his nephew, whose home was at the Meadows, a short dis-
tance southwest of Gordonsville, and whose daughter became
the wife of John M. Patton Jr., Elizabeth, the wife of Gen-
eral William F. Gordon, and Maria, the wife of M. L.
Walker, son of Captain Thomas Walker Jr.

Another nephew bearing his own name, Reuben, lived on
the Rivanna, near the mouth of Limestone. His wife was
Mary Goodman, and his children were Susan, the wife of
John G. Gray, Mary, the wife of Albert G. Watkins, Ann,
the wife of Stephen F. Sampson, James, William and Reuben.
He died in 1837, and his wife in 1841. His son Reuben was
a physician, practised his profession with much success at
Scottsville, and died in 1881.

—17

258 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

LYNCH.

Charles Lynch, it is said, was a native of Ireland, Tak-
ing offence while a mere youth at some ill-treatment, he
determined to quit home and country, and with this purpose
took passage on a vessel bound for America. As the ship was
leaving her moorings, he repented the step, and leaping into
the sea, struck out for land. He was however rescued by the
sailors from his perilous position, and after the usual voyage
of those daj^s, safely reached the shores of the new world.
Coming to Virginia, and exerting the energy and persever-
ance that belonged to his nature, he soon began a successful
career. He commenced entering land within the present
county in 1733, and in the next seventeen years had obtained
patents for sixty-five hundred acres in different sections, on
Hardware, on the Rivanna,on Moore's Creek, and on the
waters of Mechum's, not far from the Blue Ridge. He estab-
lished his home on the Rivanna, on the place now known as
Pen Park. The ripple in the river at that point was beyond
question Lynch's Ferry, or Ford, which is often mentioned
in the early records. He was one of the original magistrates
of Albemarle, and had previously been one in Goochland.
He served as Sheriff in 1749, and was a representative of the
county in the House of Burgesses. His last entry of land was
made in 1750, and embraced sixteen hundred acres on the
James, opposite Lynchburg. To this land he removed at
that time, but did not long survive the change. He died in
1753.

His wife was Sarah, daughter of Christopher and Penelope
Clark. She joined the Friends about the time of their
removal from Lynch's Ferry on the Rivanna to Lynch's Ferry
on the James. A Quaker Meeting House called South River,
was built in 1754 on her land on Lynch's Creek, a branch of
the Blackwater, three or four miles south of Lynchburg.
Her children were Charles, John, Christopher, and Sarah,
the wife of Micajah Terrell. John was the founder of Lynch-
burg. Charles was the clerk of South River Meeting till the
beginning of the political ferment prior to the Revolution,
when the warmth of his patriotism surmounted the pacific

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 259

principles he had espoused, and he became a Colonel in the
Revolutionary army. His busy promptitude in dealing with
outlaws and violent Tories during those disturbed times, gave
rise to lyynch law. Mrs. I^ynch was married the second time
to John Ward, of Bedford. Besides the imprints of this family
about Lynchburg, they have left their memorial in the names
of this county, Lynch's River, and Lynch's Creek, a tribu-
tary of the Rockfish.

MCGEHEE.

James McGehee obtained a patent for four hundred acres
of land on Little Mechunk in 1747. In 1768 William Mc-
Gehee patented nearly two hundred acres on Henderson's
Branch, and. near the Secretary's Road, a description, which
indicates that the place was not far from Colle, especially as
in 1774 it came into Mr. Jefferson's hands. William was
probably a son of James, and it was he who gave name to the
ford at Milton, that passage of the river being known in early
times as McGehee's Ford. The family seems subsequently
to have been settled near the present Woodridge, as the forks
of the roads at that place went for a long period by the name
of McGehee's Old Field. William died in 1815. He and
his wife Elizabeth had eight children, 'William, Elizabeth,
Joseph, Nancy, the wife of William Adcock, Sarah, the wife
of William Campbell, Mary, the wife of James Martin, Lively
and Charles. After the death of the father, most of the family
removed, some to Franklin County, Virginia, and some to
Kentucky.

Whether Francis McGee was related to this family, is not
known. He appears early in the century as having married
Martha , daughter of Peter Marks . He purchased the interests
of some of the Marks heirs in Lots Seventeen and Eighteen
in Charlottesville, on which the old Stone House stood, and
exchanged them with James Lewis for the place on Moore's
Creek, which has long been the home of the Teels. In 1817
he bought from Dabney and Thomas Shelton the farm between
Ivy and Mechum's Depot, which is still owned by his descend-
ants. For some years he conducted the old Hardin Tavern
on the Staunton Road. He died in 1846. His children were

260 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Ann, Peter, Mary, the wife of James Lobban, Martha, the
wife of John J. Woods, Lewis and Joanna. Lewis died in
1858. Peter in his youth was a merchant at Hillsboro, and
sub.sequently County Surveyor. He died on his farm south
of Ivy Depot in 1888.

MCKENNIE.

Clement P. McKennie deserves commemoration among the
people of Albemarle for being the publisher of the first news-
paper ever issued in the county. On the twenty-ninth of
January 1820, appeared the first number of the Central
Gazette. He and his brother, J. H. McKennie, were asso-
ciated in the enterprise. It is said the office of publication
stood on the northwest corner of Jefferson and Third Streets.
By the withdrawal of J. H. McKennie at the close of the
first year, his brother became the sole publisher. The paper
was issued weekly until about 1828, when on account of the
appearance of the Virginia Advocate, it was discontinued.
About 1834 Mr. McKennie purchased from the heirs of W.
G. Garner the property adjoining the University, where he
established the book store so long conducted by himself and
his son, Marcellus. In 1822 he married Henrietta, daughter
of Matthew Rodes, and departed this life in 1856. In 1821
J. H. McKennie married Mary, daughter of Jesse Garth, and
soon after removed to Nelson County.

MACON.

Thomas Macon came to the county from New Kent in 1833.
In that year he purchased from John Price Sampson Tufton,
a plantation, which contained a thousand and forty acres,
had once belonged to Mr. Jefferson, and which has since
been the home of the Macon family. Mr. Macon was an ear-
nest member of the Episcopal Church. On account of his
intelligence and high character, he was soon appointed a
magistrate of the county, in which ofl5ce he served until his
decease. He died in 1851.

MAGRUDER.

John B. Magruder came to Albemarle from Maryland in
the early years of the century. With him from the same

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 261

State came George Jones, the father of Robert S., Jesse and
Thomas. They were friends, both good men, and local
preachers of the Methodist Church. They settled in the
eastern part of the county, on the borders of Fluvanna. Mr.
Magruder died in 1812. He and his wife Sarah had nine
children, Sarah, the wife of John Timberlake, Mildred, the
wife of Gideon A. Strange, Elizabeth, the first wife of Dr.
Basil Jones, James, Horatio, Benjamin H., William, Hilary
and John B.

The family were largely engaged in the improvements of
the Rivanna Navigation Company. Besides founding the
Union Mills in Fluvanna, John B. Magruder and John Tim-
berlake in 1829 bought the Shadwell Mills from the Jefferson
estate, and in addition to the grist mills already existing,
established cotton and woolen factories, which continued in
operation until swept away by the disasters of the war. In
1833 they purchased from a family named Scholfield, of
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, a large body of timber
land in the Buck Island section, which had lain in its virgin
state from time immemorial. James Magruder after the war
purchased Frascati, the former home of Judge Philip Bar-
bour near Gordonsville, where he resided until his death.
Benjamin H. was admitted a member of the Albemarle bar in
1829, and lived for some years in Scottsville. He subse-
quently bought Glenmore, opposite Milton, which he made
his home until his death in 1885. Both before and since the
war he represented the county in the IvCgislature. He was
twice married, first to a daughter of James Minor, of Sunning
Hill, Ivouisa, and secondly to Evalina, daughter of Opie
Norris. Mildred and her husband, Gideon A. Strange, were
the parents of Sarah, the wife of William Stockton, a brother
of John N. C. Stockton, who emigrated to Florida, John B.,
Colonel of the Nineteenth Virginia in the late war, and Mary,
the wife of John W. Chewning.

Mary, the sister of John B. Magruder Sr., was the wife of
Thomas D. Boyd. At the beginning of the century he con-
ducted a public house at the junction of the Three Notched and
River Roads, the locality still known as Boyd's Tavern.

262 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

He had six children, John H., who went to Richmond,
Charity, the wife of James Thrift, of Montgomery County,
Maryland, James M., Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas A.
Woodson, Mary, the wife of Bartley Herndon, of Shenan-
doah County, and Thomas J. The last was admitted to the
Albemarle bar in 1829, and removed to Wytheville, where
he recently died at an advanced age.

Allan B. Magruder, a nephew of John B., and brother of
General John Bankhead, became a member of the Albemarle
bar in 1838. He resided in Charlottesville in the house at
the rear of the late Thomas Wood's until a short time before
the war, when he removed to Washington City, and subse-
quently to Frederick County, Virginia. His daughter Janet
became the wife of Major Robert H. Poore, who fell in the
battle of Gettysburg, and his daughter Julia, by the produc-
tions of her pen, has attained quite a position of note in the
literary world.

MARKS.

An Englishman named Marks married Elizabeth Hastings,
and emigrated to Virginia. They had five sons and a
daughter, Peter, John, James, Hastings, Thomas, and
Sarah, who in 1782 became the wife of James Winston, of
IvOuisa. The children were all settled in Albemarle prior to
the Revolution. Peter probably lived in Charlottesville, as
his business operations were mainly connected with the real
estate of the town. He was Escheator for the county, and
during the Revolution superintended several inquisitions,
for the confiscation »of the property of those who took sides
with the British. In 1791 he bought from Mr. Monroe the
square on which the Stone House stood, and from Dr. Gil-
mer part of Lot Thirty-Two, on which stands the store of
T. T. Norman. His death occurred in 1795, and gave rise to
complications in his affairs that were not fully straightened
for many years; in fact, the part of lot Thirty-Two was not
finally disposed of till 1830. His wife was Joanna Sydnor,
and his children Sarah, the wife of Joshua Nicholas, Martha,
the wife of Francis McGee, Mary, the second wife of James
Lewis, Sophia, the wife of Russell Brown, Elizabeth, the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 263

wife of John W. Hinde, Nancy, the wife of Temple Gwath-
mey, a nephew of George Rogers Clark, Hastings and Peter,
The most of the children removed to Kentucky. The only
one who spent her entire life in the county, was Mrs. McGee.
Her sister Mary seems to have made her home with her,
but in 1826 James I^ewis returned from Tennessee, and took
her back as his wife.

John Marks was a Captain in the Revolutionary War, and
for this service received a grant of four thousand acres of land
on Brush Creek, Ross County, Ohio. After the death of
William I^ewis, he married his widow, L,ucy. He was a
magistrate of the county, and was appointed Sheriff in 1785.
During his incumbency of the office, he removed with the
Gilmer emigration to Georgia, where he died shortly after.
James was also a magistrate. He lived on a farm consisting
of eight hundred acres near Keswick Depot, and likely includ-
ing it. He emigrated to Georgia, and when taking this step
sold his plantation to John Harvie, whose sister Klizabeth
was his wife. Hastings owned a place in the Ragged Moun-
tains, not far from the D. S. In 1785 he married Ann Scott,
sister of Mr. Jefferson, and removed to the tidewater district
of the State. The kind and considerate disposition of the
President, who at the time was Minister to France, was shown
in the letters he addressed to each of the parties, on the occa-
sion of this union.

MARTIN.

The name of Martin has belonged to a number of families
in the county. The year it was organized, 1745, Captain
Joseph Martin, as he was called in the patents, obtained
grants of more than fourteen hundred acres on Priddy's Creek,
and eight hundred on Piney Run. His will disposing of land
in Essex County, it is surmised he came from that part of the
State. He and his wife Ann had eleven children, Brice,
William, Joseph, John, George, Sarah, the wife of John Bur-
rus, Mary, the wife of a Hammock, Susan, Martha, Ann, and
Olive, the wife probably of Ambrose Edwards. The Cap-
tain died in 1761.

264 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

James Martin owned at an early date a considerable tract
of laud that now belongs to the Grayson family, near the
present site of the Miller School. In 1759 he gave two hun-
dred acres to each of his six sons, Stephen, John, James,
Obadiah, William and David. These sons, or the most of
them, it is believed, emigrated to North Carolina, about the
time of the Revolution. It is possible the John just men-
tioned was the John Martin who lived in the western part of
the North Garden. His place was formerly known as the
Pocket Plantation. He was a prosperous man, and became
the owner of upwards of fifteen hundred acres. He died in
1812. His wife's name was Elizabeth, believed to have been
a Wheeler, and his children were Benjamin, Sarah, the wife
of John Watson, Mary, the wife of William Wood, Susan,
the wife of Hickerson Jacob, and Clarissa. Benjamin suc-
ceeded to his father's place, and died in 1821. His wife's
name was Catharine, and his children were Ann, the wife of
Augustine Woodson, Lindsay, John, Caroline, the wife of
Joshua W. Abell, Julia, the wife of Micajah Wheeler, Ben-
jamin, Emily, the wife of Richard Abell, James, Elizabeth,
the wife first of Peter Garland, and secondly of Daniel Mar-
tin, and Jane, the wife of Samuel M. Powell.

A John Martin in 1762 purchased from Joseph Thomas
upwards of six hundred acres in the southern part of the
county, on Ballenger's Creek. He died in 1810. He mar-
ried Ann, daughter of James Tooley, and his children were
Sarah, the wife of James Wood, Ann, the wife of John
Dawson, Dabney, James, Celia, Alice, Simeon, Massey and
Lindsay.

Thomas Martin was already settled on the south fork of
Hardware in 1764, where his descendants have been resident
ever since. He seems not to have been a patentee, and
when he purchased does not appear. He died in 1792. He
and his wife Mary had ten children, Abraham, George,
Thomas, Charles, John, Pleasant, Letitia, the wife of Rich-
ard Moore, Mildred, the wife of an Oglesby, Ann, the wife
of a Blain, and Mary, the wife of Benjamin Dawson. Pleas-
ant removed to Amherst. John married Elizabeth, daughter

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 265

of David lycwis, was a Captain in the Revolutionary army,
had charge of the troops that in 1780 guarded as far as
Frederick, Md., the British prisoners, on their removal from
the Barracks, and of those stationed in Charlottesville at the
time of the Tarleton Raid, and in 1786 emigrated to Fayette
County, Kentucky. Charles lived on the place where J. Goulet
Martin now resides, and sold it in 1783 to Rev. William Irvin.
His wife's name was Patty ^ and he had two daughters,
Elizabeth and JMartha, who became the wives of brothers,
Thomas and James Cobbs, of Halifax County ; and selling
the remainder of his land the next year, he probably followed
them to that county. George married Barbara, daughter
of Samuel Woods, and died in 1799. His children were
Malinda, the wife of Lewis Teel, Samuel W. , and Elizabeth,
the wife of William Garth. Samuel W. married Sarah,
daughter of Garrett White, and died in 1857. His children
were Garrett W., George, Thomas, John A., Samuel W.,
Jeremiah, and Eleanora, the wife of Jesse ly. Heiskell.

Hudson Martin was a Second Lieutenant in the Ninth
Virginia, during the Revolution. For a number of years he
was deputy Clerk of the county, and subsequently a magis-
trate. He married Jane, the eldest daughter of Nicholas
Lewis. Near the beginning of the century he removed to
Amherst, in the vicinity of Faber's Mills, where his descend-
ants still live. In 1834 Captain John Thomas testified
before the County Court in behalf of his heirs, to the fact of
his having served in the Revolutionary army. A son John
M. Martin became a member of the Albemarle bar in 1809.
Another son, Hudson, married Mildred, daughter of Dabney
Minor, and at one time lived in Arkansas.

In the early years of the century, a Thomas Martin mar-
ried Mary Ann, daughter of Daniel White. His home was
west of Batesville, north of the place now occupied by Wil-
liam H. Turner Jr. He died in 1827. His children were
Ann, the wife of John L. White, Azariah, Diana, the wife of
James Lobban, Thomas, Mary, the wife of William Stone,
Charles, Elizabeth, Daniel, Henry, Barbara, the wife of John
Lobban, and Lucy, the wife of William H. Garland.

266 history" of albemarle

MASSIE.

The Massie family was a numerous one which in early-
times migrated from New Kent, and was widely scattered over
Albemarle, Nelson and Amherst. The first of the name that
settled in Albemarle was Charles. His home was in the south-
west part of the county on the waters of Lynch's Creek, on
what was long known as the Wakefield Entry. The plan-
tation. Spring Valley, became noted from the perfection of
its Albemarle Pippins, and though now held.by other hands,
it is still designated by the Massie name. Charles Massie
commenced the purchase of this place in 1768. He died in
1817. His children were Thomas, Charles, John, Klizabeth,
the wife of a Smith, and Mary, the wife first of Robert Ware.
and secondly of William Lobban, His son Charles succeeded
to the place, and died in 1830. His wife's name was Nancy,
and his children were Hardin, Nathaniel, Charles G., Sarah,
the wife of a Ragland, Elizabeth, the wife of a Bailey, and
Nancy.

Hardin was a physician, who came to Charlottesville in
1824, and for many years practised in partnership with Dr.
Charles Carter. He was largely interested in the real estate
of the town. He lived on Fourth Street next to the old Bap-
tist Church, the site of which he sold to that congregation.
He was himself an earnest member of that Church, and for a
time acted as its Clerk. He never married, and died in 1848.
Nathaniel was for a considerable period of his life a successful
merchant in Waynesboro, but as his years increased, he re-
turned to the old homestead on the borders of Nelson, where
he died in 1871. He was twice married, first to Susan, daugh-
ter of Michael Woods, son of Colonel John, and secondly to
Elizabeth, daughter of Matthew Rodes. His children by the
first marriage were James, Professor in the Virginia Military
Institute, N, Hardin, of Charlottesville, Susan, the wife of
Rol)ert B. Moon, and Hetty, the wife of William Patrick;
and of those by the second marriage were Rodes and Edwin.
Charles G. died in 1857.

An Ivdraund Massie lived in the county the same time
with the first Charles. His home was in the vicinity of

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 267

Brown's Cove. He died in 1782. He and his wife Judith
had several children, of whom the only one mentioned was
Thomas. It may be he was the Thomas Massie, who in 1792
rented from the representatives of Hugh Moss a large tract
of land on the Rivanna, in the Buck Island neighborhood.
In that neighborhood he died in 1799, leaving six children,
Martha, the wife of Hugh Pettit, Nancy, the wife of Reu-
ben Mansfield, Susan, James, Thomas and John.

MAUPIN.

Two brothers, Daniel and Gabriel Maupin, came to the
county just before the middle of the last century. From the
name it may be inferred they were of French extraction. The
idea has been entertained that they were French soldiers,
who crossed the ocean with Lafayette at the time of the Rev-
olution; but Daniel obtained a patent for land on Moorman's
River in 1748, twenty-seven years before that event. The
name however was represented in the Revolutionary army,
Daniel, William and Cornelius appearing on the pension list ;
these in all probability were brothers, sons of John Maupin,
and grandsons of Daniel. Daniel entered more than fifteen
hundred acres in the Whitehall neighborhood. He died in
1788. He and his wife Margaret had seven sons and three
daughters, Thomas, Gabriel, Daniel, John, Margaret, the
wife of Robert Miller, William, Zachariah, Jesse, Jane, the
wife of Samuel Rea and Mary, the wife of Matthew Mullins.

Gabriel died in 1794. He seems to have lived in the vicin-
ity of Free Union. His wife's name was Marah, and Thomas>
Bland, Daniel and Gabriel were names of his sons. The
truth is, the families of this stock were generally so numer-
ous, containing hardl}^ ever less than ten, and sometimes
thirteen children, and the same names were so often repeated
in the different households, that it would be well nigh impos-
sible at this date to make out an accurate statement of their
lines of descent. They frequently intermarried among them-
selves, and with the Harrises, Jarmans and Vias, and their
descendants are widely scattered over the West, particularly
in Kentucky and Missouri. They seem to have been in their
generations an industrious, quiet, unambitious people. They

268 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

have usually been attached to the Methodist Church, a Daniel
Maupin being an original trustee of Austin's, or Bingham's,
Meeting House, and another Daniel and his wife Hannah in
1S34 giving the ground for Mount Moriah near Whitehall,
which indeed for many years commonly went by the name of
Maupin's Meeting House.

Dr. Socrates Maupin, who was Professor of Chemistry first
in Hampden-Sidney College, and afterwards in the Univer-
sity of Virginia, was one of this family. He died from in-
juries in consequence of a runaway accident in Lynchburg,
in 1871. He was the son of Chapman W. Maupin, who was
third in descent from the first Daniel, was appointed a magis-
trate of the county in 1835, and died in 1861. Addison, another
son of Chapman W., had his residence before the war on
Carr's Hill, adjoining the University. J. Addison Maupin,
of Richmond, author of the Maupin bill of recent notoriety,
was Addison's son.

MAURY.

In the last century Rev. James Maury was the rector of
Fredericksville parish. His parents, Matthew Maury and
Mary Ann Fontaine, were Huguenot exiles, and were resi-
dents of King William. Instead of occupying the glebe, he
resided on his own farm, which lay on the borders of Albe-
marle and Louisa. He attained great notoriety as suitor in
the famous case under the Two Penny Act, in which Patrick
Henry first displayed his marvellous powers of eloquence.
In addition to his clerical duties, be taught on his plantation
a classical school in which Mr. Jefferson was one of his pu-
pils. In 1767 he purchased nearly seven hundred acres
southwest of Ivy Depot from the executors of old Michael
Woods, which his son Matthew sold in 1797 to Rev. William
Woods and Richard Woods. He married Mary Walker, a
cousin it is said, of Dr. Thomas Walker, and died in 1769.
His children were Matthew, James, Ann, Mary, Walker,
Catharine, the wife of James Barrett, Elizabeth, the wife of
James Lewis, of Spotsylvania, Abraham, Fontaine, Benja-
min and Richard. James was appointed by Washington in
1789 Consul to Liverpool, which office he continued to fill

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 269

till 1837. Richard, who married Diana, daughter of Major
John Minor, of Spotsylvania, and removed to Franklin,
Tenn., was the father of Commodore Matthew F. Maury, and
the grandfather of General Dabney Maury, of the Confeder-
ate army.

Matthew was an Episcopal minister, and succeeded his
father both at the homestead, and in the parish. He also
taught school. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Dr.
Thomas Walker, and died in 1808. His children were
Matthew, Thomas Walker, Francis, Mary Ann, the wife of
William Michie, Mildred, the wife of Henry Fry Jr., Reuben,
Elizabeth, Catharine, the wife of Francis Lightfoot, and
John. Thomas W. was a member of the Albemarle bar,
was appointed a magistrate in 1816, married Elizabeth,
daughter of Julius Clarkson, and granddaughter of Jesse
Lewis, taught school in the small brick at the east end of
Main Street, and afterwards at his own place above the Uni-
versity, now occupied by Samuel Emerson, and died in 1842.
Reuben married Elizabeth, daughter of Jesse Lewis, and died
in 1869. His son, Jesse L. , succeeded to the home of his
father, and still lives in a green old age, a link between the
present and the past. Mildred was the mother of J. Frank
Fry, long the Commissioner of the Revenue for St. Anne's,
James S. Maury, son of the Consul, lived at one time on a
place near the north end of Dudley's Mountain, and in 1833
sold it to Jesse L. John, son of Rev. Matthew, also once
lived in the same vicinity.

MAYO.

The Mayos have had a name and place in Albemarle from
the beginning. Colonel William Mayo, the County Surveyor
of Goochland, obtained a patent for eight hundred acres on
the branches of Rockfish, near the Blue Mountains, in 1738.
The patent of Dr. William Cabell for forty-eight hundred
acres on both sides of the Fluvanna, obtained the same year,
adjoined this entry of Mayo. Among the first deeds recorded
in Albemarle, is one from Ann Mayo, conveying this land to
Robert Barnett in 1748.

270 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

In 1749 Philip Mayo, of Henrico, entered four hundred
acres on the branches of Hardware, situated in the limestone
belt, and long known as the Limestone Survey. In 1752 he
sold it to Peter Jefferson, Joshua Fry, Arthur Hopkins,
Thomas Meriwether, Daniel Scott, and William Stith, Presi-
dent of William and Mary College. It is presumed that in
making this purchase, these gentlemen had in mind some
project for utilizing the mineral it contained.

The original record of the deed having been destroyed, it
was restored in 1802. As late as 1830 these separate interests
were not all united, as in that year Governor Gilmer, as exec-
utor of Christopher Hudson, sold to George Gilmer, his
father, one-sixth of the tract.

James Mayo died in 1777, leaving eleven sons and two
daughters. The most of them no doubt lived in Goochland.
One of them, Thomas, who belonged to that county, bought in
1779 from Thomas Collins four hundred acres on Kdge Creek,
the small branch of Moore's Creek that runs on the east side
of the Teel place. Four years later Thomas sold part of this
tract to his brother, Richard George Mayo. If Richard George
ever lived on it, he removed elsewhere, as in 1809 his brother
Joseph, as his attorney, sold it to another brother, James.
James died in 1821, in his eighty-third year. His wife was
Mary, daughter of Stephen Hughes, and his children John
W., Stephen, Claudius, James E., Catharine, the wife of Wil-
liam Thompson, and Nancy, the wife of John Harris.

MERIWETHER.
The progenitor of the Meriwethers was Nicholas, an
emigrant from Wales, who died in 1678. He had three sons,
Francis, who married Mary Bathurst, and from whom
descended Governor George W. Smith, who perished in the
burning of the Richmond theatre in 1811, David and
Nicholas. Nicholas was the large landholder. Besides
obtaining grants of extensive tracts in several of the
counties of eastern Virginia, he entered in one body
seventeen thousand, nine hundred and fifty -two acres
on the east side of the South West Mountain in Albe-
marle. He also entered in 1735 one thousand and twenty

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 271

acres on the Rivanna, extending from Moore's Creek
to Meadow Creek. This was the place on which he lived,
and which he devised to his grandson, Nicholas I^ewis. He
died in 1744, and it is said he and his grandson, Richard
Meriwether, son of William, were buried on the east side of
the Rivanna, most probably on the summit of the hill north
of Mrs. Crockford's residence, on the parcel of land which
Richard purchased from Thomas Graves. His wife was
Klizabeth Crawford, and his children Jane, the wife of Robert
Lewis, Thomas, Nicholas, William, David, Elizabeth, the)
wife of Thomas Bray, Ann, the wife of Thomas Johnson,
the colleague of Patrick Henry from Louisa in the House
of Burgesses, and the grandfather of the eminent lawyer,
Chapman Johnson, Sarah, the wife of William Littlepage,
and Mary, the wife of John Aylett.

Nicholas received from his father a share of the lands east
of the South West Mountain, of which Castle Hill was the
seat. He married Mildred Thornton, and died in 1739, leav-
ing one child, Mildred. About 174-1 his widow became the
wife of Dr. Thomas Walker, and in due time Mildred, his
daughter, became the wife of John Syme, of Hanover, the
half-brother of Patrick Henry. In 1741 and 1746 there were
entered in the daughter Mildred's name, two tracts of sixteen
hundred, and nineteen hundred acres, lying near the gorge of
the South Hardware between Gay's and Fan's Mountains,
and extending up the road towards Batesville; and for many
years her lines frequently figure in the descriptions of lands
sold in that neighborhood. Both tracts were sold by Mil-
dred's son, John Syme Jr., to President William Nelson, but
the deed was never recorded. President Nelson devised them
to his son Robert, who sold the sixteen hundred tract to
James Powell Cocke, and the other in parcels to different
purchasers. A chancery suit instituted against the children
of John Syme Jr., then living in Nelson County, to make
title to these lands, was decided in 1809; and a considerable
part of Deed Book Sixteen is occupied with the deeds of
these parties to the vendees.

272 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

David Meriwether married Ann Holmes, and had six sons
and two daughters. Thomas, the eldest, married EHza^beth
Thornton, and his children were Nicholas, Francis, David,
Mary, the wife of Peachy R. Gilmer, Elizabeth, the wife of
Thomas Johnson, Sarah, the wife of Michael Anderson, Ann,
the wife of Richard Anderson, and mother of David Ander-
son, of Milton and Pantops, Lucy, the wife of William Lewis,
and afterwards of John Marks, Mildred, the wife of John Gil-
mer, and Jane, the wife of Samuel Dabney, mother of Mildred,
Reuben Lewis's wife, and grandmother of Rev. Robert Lewis
Dabney, the eminent theologian. Nicholas, the eldest of this
family, married Margaret, daughter of Rev. William Doug-
lass, a native of Scotland, rector of the parish of St. James,
Northam, Goochland, who added teaching to his ministerial
duties, and was the preceptor of Presidents Monroe and Jef-
ferson, and who spent his last days at his plantation of
Ducking Hole, Louisa. The children of Nicholas and Mar-
garet Douglass Meriwether were William Douglass, Thomas,
Nicholas H., Charles, Francis T. , and Elizabeth, the wife
of Thomas W. Lewis. Mrs. Margaret D. Meriwether was
married the second time to Chiles Terrell.'

William Douglass lived at Clover Fields, on the east side
of the South West Mountain. He was a man of fine sense
and great wealth. He was a magistrate of the county for
fifty years, and the only one of the whole body of magistrates
that filled the office of Sheriff twice, in 1801 and 1828. His
wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Lewis, and through
her he inherited the part of the Farm nearest Charlottesville,
which in 182 5 he sold to John A. G. Davis, who built on it
the brick house, the present residence of Mrs. Thomas Fa-
rish. He died in 1845. His children were William H.,
Charles J., Mary, the wife of Peter Meriwether, Margaret D.,
the wife first of Dr. Francis Meriwether, and secondly of
Francis K. Nelson, and Thomas W. William H., a man of
incessant activity, was admitted to the bar, built the first mill
at Rio, and a bridge across the Rivanna at the Woolen Mills,
sold his land in 1835 to George L. Craven, and went to
Texas. He was twice married, first to Frances Poindexter,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 273

and secondly to Kate W. Meriwether, who after his death
was married to Dr. Prior, of Memphis, Tenn. Charles
J. received from his father Mooresbrook, the present residence
of Mr. Newman, but being impoverished by the war, he and
his wife Louisa Miller, a sister of President Tyler's first wife,
passed their remaining days under the hospitable roof of
Mrs. Harper and her son, Warner Wood, at Farmington.
Thomas W. was a physician, succeeded to the homestead,
was a ruling elder in South Plains Church, and died in 1863.
His wife was Ann, daughter of Hugh Nelson, and his children
William D., also a physician, Mildred, the wife of George
Macon, Ann, the wife of Frederick W. Page, Eliza, the wife
of N. H. Massie, and Charlotte, the second wife of T. J.
Randolph Jr.

Thoma^ second son of Nicholas and Margaret D. Meri-
wether, married Ann, daughter of Garrett Minor, of Louisa.
They had four children, among whom was Peter N., who
resided at Cismont, married first his cousin Mary, as already
noted, and secondly Mrs. Frances Tapp, and died in 1851.

Nicholas H., third son of Nicholas and Margaret, married
Rebecca Terrell. They had six children, among whom were
Dr. Charles H., who married first Ann E. Anderson, and
secondly Frances E. Thomas, lived at the present station of
Arrowhead, and died in 1843, Ann T., the wife of Nicholas
H. Lewis, and mother of Lydia L., the wife of Peter, son of
Dr. Frank Carr, and Walker G., who married first his cousin
Elizabeth Meriwether, and secondly his cousin Jane W.
Lewis.

Charles, fourth son of Nicholas and Margaret, studied
medicine in Scotland, and while visiting his Douglass kin
in that country, married a young lady named Lydia Laurie.
On his return he settled in Tennessee. Lydia Laurie died,
and he married twice afterwards; but her sweet-sounding
name has ever since been a favorite in all branches of the
connection.

Francis T., fifth son of Nicholas and Margaret, married
Catharine Davis, and had six children. Among them were
—18

274 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Elizabeth, the wife of her cousin Walker G., George D., who
married his cousin Alice Lewis, and Dr. Francis, who mar-
ried his cousin Margaret D., and whose daughter, Mary W.,
was the first wife of T. J. Randolph Jr.

Of all this numerous family, there is not one now living in
Albemarle who bears the name. Their descendants however
are scattered in every part of the West and South.

MICH IE.

The first Michie who settled in the county was John, who
bought land near the Horse Shoe of the Rivanna from John
Henry, father of the great orator. When the purchase was
made does not appear, but he sold to Hezekiah Rice, and
repurchased from him in 1763. He died in 1777. His chil-
dren were John, who died before his father, Robert, James,
Patrick, William, Sarah, the wife of Christopher Wood, and
Mary, the wife also of a Wood. Robert and his sisters seem
to have lived in Louisa.

Patrick had his home southwest of Earlysville, between
the Buck Mountain Road and the south fork of the Rivanna.
He died in 1799. His wife's name was Frances, and his
children were Nancy, the wife of Joseph Goodman, James,
Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas Maupin, Sarah, the wife of
William G. Martin, Martha, the wife of Richard Davis,
Susan, the wife of William Michie, Mary, the wife of John
Maupin, and David.

William became a large landholder in the same section.
He purchased in 1793 from Lewis Webb, of New Kent, two
thousand and ninety acres in one tract. On the Buck Moun-
tain Road he established the public house, which has since
been known as Michie's Old Tavern. He was appointed a
magistrate in 1791, served as Sheriff in 1803, and died in
1811. He was twice married ; one of his wives, it is believed,
being Ann, daughter of David Mills. His children by the
first marriage were John A., and Mary, the wife of John
Mullins, and by the second William, David and Lucy, the
wife of Benjamin Richards.

John A. was appointed a magistrate of the county in 1807.
His wife was Frances, daughter of Thomas Jarman. He

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 275

died in 1827. His children were Frances J., Ann, Sarah,
Elizabeth, the wife of Bezaleel G. Brown, Theodosia, the
wife of Edmund Brown, John E., James, William, Robert
J., Jonathan, Mary and Martha. Of these James attained a
prominent position in the affairs of the county. He was a
successful business man, was appointed a magistrate in
1816, and served as Sheriff in 1843. He was an earnest
Episcopalian, and displayed his zeal in active efforts to re-
build the ruins of the old Buck Mountain Church. His
home was on the north fork of the Rivanna, south of Piney
Mountain. He died in 1850. His wife was Frances, daugh-
ter of Thomas Garth Jr., and his children Mary Elizabeth,
the wife of William T. Early, Virginia, Susan, Adeline,
Dr. J. Augustus, Thomas, Theresa, the wife of Lucian
Michie, Alexander H., and Henry Clay, Jonathan married
a sister of Thomas J. Michie, of Staunton, and his children
were John P., Margaret, the wife of Dr. Theodore Michie,
Frances, the wife of Dr. R. N. Hewitt, of Campbell County,
Thomas, Chapman and Franklin.

William Michie, son of William, married, it is believed,
Susan, daughter of his uncle Patrick. His children were
Dr. James W., David and Frances . His brother David was a
man of great enterprise and thri ft. In early life he was a
merchant first in the Michie Tavern neighborhood, and after-
wards at Milton. He invested in real estate in di^erent parts
of the county, purchasing in 1805 from Randolph Ivcwis his
plantation Buck Island on the north side of the Rivanna,
which he seems to have made his home till 1837. In that
year he bought the brick house on the northeast corner of
Market and Seventh Streets in Charlottesville, where he
resided until his death in 1850. He left no children, and his
large estate was divided among his numerous relatives, under
the direction of George Carr, as administrator.

James Michie Jr. , or Beau Jim, as he was commonly called ,
was the son of a William Michie. His residence was at
Longwood, west of Earlysville. His death occurred in 1847.
He married Eliza Graves, of Rockingham, and h's children
were Dr. Theodore, Octavius, Joseph P., Lucia-, Oran,

276 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Claudius N., Eugene, Catharine, the wife of William A.
Rogers, Cornelia and Virginia.

MILLS.

In early times three large entries of lands were made with-
in the county by persons named Mills. Between 1737 and 1759
Matthew Mills obtained grants for seventeen hundred acres on
the south side of Mechum's River, east of the Miller School.
After his death it was divided among three sons, Matthew,
Charles and Menan. In 1782 Matthew, who at the time was
living in Guilford County, North Carolina, sold his share to
William Leigh , who came to take possession of it from Caswell
County, North Carolina. The same year Charles and his wife
Mary, who were residents of Buckingham, sold five hundred
and sixty-seven acres to Richard Woods, the same land that
descended to his son Richard, that after his death was sold
to James Michie, and that is still in the possession of his
son, Thomas Michie. The other portion, five hundred and
sixty -seven acres, fell to Menan, who lived on it till 1800.
He then bought from the executors of Micajah Chiles the old
Joel Terrell property in Charlottesville, the square on which
the present City Hall stands. He married Frances, daughter
of John Jouett. He was not a prosperous man, and in 1811
all his possessions w€re sold under deeds of trust, his share
of his father's estate being purchased by Daniel White, and
now owned by his grandson, Samuel G. White. Menan
Mills removed elsewhere, probably to Kentucky, leaving
four children, John, Frances and Margaret, who were placed
under the guardianship of Micajah Woods, and William,
who was placed under that of Clifton Rodes.

Charles Mills between 1744 and 1756 took out patents for
three thousand acres along the foot of Buck's Elbow, between
Crozet and Whitehall. It is probable Charles was a brother
of the elder Matthew, as both belonged to Hanover, and some
of their patents were taken out the same day. Charles's land
was inherited by his son Nicholas, who lived in Hanover,
and who, after selling a portion of il, conveyed the remainder
in 1786 to his sons, Joseph and William Mills, and his son-
in-law, J-,mes Burnley, of Louisa. In 1790 Joseph sold his

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 277

share to William, who lived in Spotsylvania, and in 1793
William sold to John Burnley, the son of James.

The third series of entries was made by David Mills. They
ran from 1738 to 1755, and amounted to more than eleven
thousand acres. They were located south of Karlysville, on
Buck Mountain and Beaverdam Creeks, and in the Brown's
Cove district. David Mills died in 1764. He and his wife Lucy
had eight children, Zachariah, David, Wyatt, Joseph, Ann,
the wife of William Michie, Elizabeth, the wife of William
Doswell, of Nottoway, Mary, the wife of William S. Lane,
and Lucy, the wife of Philip White, of Hanover. David sold
out to his brother Wyatt in 1786, and emigrated to South
Carolina. Wyatt died in 1808. He and his wife Sarah had
four children, Elizabeth, the wife of James Beazley, Wilson,
John S., and Sophia, the wife of Fontaine Richards. Joseph
Mills Jr. , probably the son of Joseph, taught school in the
Buck Mountain neighborhood, was admitted to the bar in
1823, and soon after removed to Harrisonburg.

A John Mills — sv^hether related to uny of those before men-
tioned, is not known — in 1782 married Elizabeth, daughter of
Robert Field, and was owner of the land which is now
known as Brooksville. In 1795 he sold it to James Hays, and
probably left the county.

MINOR,

John Minor, of Topping Castle, Caroline County, was the
patentee of land on the north fork of the Rivanna as early as
1735. Of the eleven children of himself and his wife, Sarah,
daughter of Thomas Carr, three have been represented in
Albemarle. His son James came to the county from Spot-
sylvania not far from 1770, and lived on the land entered by
his father east of the Burnt Mills, which he beyond all ques-
tion first built. He was a man of energy and industry, and
a public spirited magistrate, but died in 1791, at the age of
forty-five. His wife was Mary Carr, and his children Dab-
ney, James, John, Sarah, the wife of William Wardlaw,
Mary, the wife of Richard H. Allen, Nancy, the wife of Dr.
Thomas Yancey, and Elizabeth, the wife of Alexander Garrett.
Dabney resembled his father in capacity for business, became

278 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

a large landholder in this and other counties, and for a num-
ber of years served as a magistrate. He resided at first at
the home of his father, but subsequently purchased Carrs-
brook, and there spent his last years. He died in 1824, about
fifty years of age. He was twice married, first to Eliza
Johnson, a niece of William Wirt, and secondly to Martha
J., daughter of Richard Terrell, and granddaughter of Mr.
Jefferson's sister, Martha. By the first marriage his children
were Mildred, the wife of Hudson Martin, Catharine, the
wife of E. W. Reinhart, Sarah, the wife of James Tompkins,
and William W., of Gale Hill, and by the second lyUcy J.,
the wife of Robert N. Trice. James lived at Brookhill, on
the south fork of the Rivanna. His wife was Catharine Tomp-
kins, and his children Dabney, John, James, Elizabeth, the
wife of Samuel Moore, Ann, the wife of Rev. Albert Holladay,
missionary to Persia, and President-Elect of Hampden-Sidney
College. Catharine, the wife of Rev. Luther Emerson, and
Martha, the wife of Lafayette Harris. He departed this life
in 1848. John was a physician, and married Jane Bell, a
Scotch lady, who was a resident of Lynchburg. He resided
at Gale Hill, which at his death in 1841 he devised to his
nephew, William W. Minor.

Another son of John Minor, of Topping Castle, was Gar-
rett, of Louisa, who married Mary O. Terrell. Their son
Peter came to the county early in the century, and married
Lucy, daughter of Dr. George Gilmer, of Pen Park. In 1809
he purchased from Jesse and John Key the present farm of
Ridgeway, and in 1811 was appointed Treasurer of the Ri-
vanna Navigation Company. He was for many years Sec-
retary of the County Agricultural Society, in the great objects
of which he was deeply interested. To his wife George
Divers at his death in 1830 left one -third of his estate. He
died in 1835, and his children were Hugh, Franklin, Peter
C, George, John S., James E., Martha, the wife of Robert
Grattan, Lucy, the wife of Dr. Charles Minor, and Mary, the
wife of R. W. N. Noland. Hugh married first a Fry, and
secondly Mary Ann, daughter of J. Boucher Carr, and lived
at Ridgeway ; but exchanging it with his brother Franklin

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 279

for the Rigory, he resided there until his death in 1858.
Franklin married Lucy Ann, daughter of Dr. John Gilmer,
of Edgemont, and established a classical school at the Rigory,
but afterwards removed it to Ridgeway, where it attained a
wide-spread reputation. He died in 1867, but owing to ill
health, and the interruption of the war, the school had been
relinquished some years before. Samuel O. , another son of
Garrett, married lyydia lyaurie, daughter of Thomas W.
-lyewis, of lyocust Grove. In 1817 he bought from Martin
Dawson upwards of six hundred acres on the north side of
the Rivanna, below Milton. He afterwards lived and con-
ducted a school at the Farm. Dr. James H. Minor, of Music
Hall, and Elizabeth, the wife of Andrew Brown, were his
children.

Another son of John Minor, of Topping Castle, was Major
John, whose son lyauncelot, of Minor's Folly in L^ouisa,
married Mary O. Tompkins. Several of their children re-
sided in Albemarle. L,ucian was admitted to the bar in 1830,
practised for a time in Charlottesville, and subsequently
became Professor of Law in William and Mary. John B.,
after practising law for a brief period in Buchanan on James
River, settled in Charlottesville, erected as his home the house
at Northwood, the present residence of Charles Benson, and
in 1845 entered upon his distinguished career as Professor of
Law in the University of Virginia, where he died in 1896.
Dr. Charles, who married Lucy, daughter of Peter Minor,
taught a classical school at Brookhill, and afterwards lived
until his death in 1862 at Land's End, near Stony Point.
George W. Trueheart, a son of Ann Minor, daughter of
Launcelot, and wife of Overton Trueheart, was for a time a
member of the Albemarle bar.

MONROE.

President James Monroe was for many years a citizen of
Albemarle. Being a great admirer as well as a special favor-
ite of Mr. Jefferson, he was attracted to the county by his
influence. His first purchase of real estate was made from
George Nicholas in 1790. He then bought from him Lots
Seventeen and Eighteen in Charlottesville, with the Stone

280 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

House which Nicholas had erected thereon. That was his
first residence. At the same time he purchased the farm on
which the Universit}^ stands. In the conveyance of his town
property to Peter Marks in September 1790, it is recited that
he sold to him "the pine plank and materials deposited
thereon, except that which was planed, and the walnut
plank," and reserved in the house "room for his furniture and
family, until his houses were ready to receive them on his
farm." This farm he also bought from George Nicholas,
who, having purchased more than two thousand acres in
different parts of the county, sold them, and removed without
making conveyances for any of them; and it was not until
nearly twenty years after his death, that James Morrison,
his executor, gave title to the heirs of his vendees. For the
land he sold Mr. Monroe, no deed was ever made, or at least
was ever recorded; on account of Mr. Monroe's celebrityi
and the property having changed hands several times, per-
haps it was deemed unnecessary. The house Mr. Monr6e
was getting ready on his farm, was part of that now occupied
by Professor Thornton, situated on what is still called Mon-
roe Hill.

But he did not reside there long. In 1793 he purchased on
the east side of Carter's Mountain, where he was a still closer
neighbor to Mr. Jefferson. Part of this land he bought from
Mr. Jefferson, and part from William C. Carter. His home
was Ash Lawn, now owned by Rev. John E. Massey. Here
he lived till the termination of his presidency, when all his
lands in the county, amounting to between four and five
thousand acres, were sold, or transferred to the United States
Bank, in payment of his debts. Like Mr. Jefferson, he was
so completely absorbed in his public engagements, and so
frequently and long absent from home, that his private affairs
suffered from neglect. When a man's mind is accustomed to
dwell upon the broad expanse of a nation's interests, it is not
unnatural perhaps that he should insensibly contract a sort
of sublime indifference to the petty range of his mere per-
sonal concerns. As already stated, Mr. Monroe never did
get a deed for his University land, and that which he bought

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 281

from William C. Carter in 1793, was not conveyed to him
till 1827. He was appointed a magistrate in 1798, and the
latter half of the next year he sat regularly on the bench.
His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Lawrence Kortright, a
captain in the British army, and his children Eliza and Maria.
Eliza was married to George Hay, United States Attorney
for the District of Virginia, at his home in the county in
1808, and Maria to Samuel L. Governeur, of New York, in
Washington, while he was President. At the expiration of
his second term, he removed to Oak Hill, a farm he had pur-
chased in lyoudoun.

The President had an elder brother, Andrew, who, it is
believed, in 1781 purchased a farm near Bates ville, where he
resided for four years. In 1816 he was living on a farm
which the President purchased on Limestone, below Milton.
He died in 1828. A son, Augustine G., was admitted to the
Albemarle bar in 1815. Another son, James, born in the
county, was an officer in the United Stated army, acted as
the President's private secretary, ma-rried a daughter of James
Douglass, an adopted son of Rev. William Douglass, of
Ducking Hole, Louisa, and settled in New York City, where
he was active in political affairs, and where he was appointed
to perform his last public service as a member of the Peace
Convention in 1861.

Joseph Jones Monroe, another brother of the President,
became a member of the Albemarle bar, married Elizabeth,
daughter of James Kerr, was appointed Commonwealth's
Attorney in 1811 as successor to Judge Dabuey Carr, and
the next year gave place to William F. Gordon. In 1812
his daughter Harriet was married in Charlottesville to
Edward Blair Cabell, and removed to Keytesville, Mo. He
himself subsequently removed to Missouri, where he died in
Franklin County in 1824.

MOON.

The genealogy of the Moons is somewhat difficult to trace.
It seems however that two brothers, Jacob and William,
settled in the county in early times. In 1750 Jacob pur-

282 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

chased laud from Thomas Fitzpatrick in the gorge of the
south fork of Hardware. He also entered a small tract in
the same vicinity. He sold out in 1777, and removed to
Bedford County.

William bought a thousand acres from Hardin Burnley on
the lower Hardware. When this purchase was made is not
known, but the fact is stated in a conveyance of part of the
land made by Moon to John Lewis in 1760. He died in
1800. His wife's name was Elizabeth, and his children
were William, Richard, lyittlebury, Jacob, Judith, the wife
of Charles Moorman, Susan, the wife of Thomas Tilman,
Martha, the wife of William Viers, who removed to Mason
County, Kentucky, Elizabeth, the wife of Henry A. Bryant,
Lucy, the wife of John Steele, and Sarah, the wife of Robert
Moorman.

William married Charlotte, daughter of John Digges and
Elizabeth Harris, of Nelson County. Their children were
John Digges, Robert, Richard, Elizabeth, the wife of John
Steele, Edward H., and Mildred, the wife of Nathaniel
Anderson. He was at one time the owner of Belle Grove,
the plantation above Scottsville on which the old court-
house stood. In 1819 he was appointed a magistrate of the
county, and died in 1833. JohnD., who was called Senior
to distinguish him from a cousin of the same name, married
Mary E. Barclay, step-daughter of John Harris, and his
home was at Mount Air. He became a magistrate in 1835,
and died in 1869. His children were Robert B. , who was
appointed a magistrate in 1846, served as County Surveyor,
married Mary, daughter of Nathaniel Massie, and died in
1891, Sarah, William F., who married Marietta Appling,
and removed to Tennessee, and whose son, Judge John A.
Moon represents the Chattanooga district in Congress, Ann,
J. Schuyler, James N., Mary and J. Luther. Richard lived
for a time in Tennessee, and as a mark of distinction bore
the addition of T. to his name. Edward H. married Ann
Maria Barclay, another step -daughter of John Harris, and
lived at Viewmont, the old Fry homestead. He died in 1853.
His children were Thomas B., Oriana, the wife of Dr. John

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 283

S. Andrews, Charlotte, Isaac A., Sarah, Mary and Edmonia.

Richard, son of the first William, died in 1819. His wife's
name was Winifred, and his children were Thomas, Richard,
who lived on Briery Creek, and hence had the affix B. to dis-
tinguish him from Richard T., William, Nathaniel, who mar-
ried his cousin Roxana Moon, and removed to Upshur County,
Elizabeth, the wife of Jeremiah Cleveland, Sarah, the wife
of William Cleveland, lyucy, Fleming, Jacob, Martha and
Samuel W. William married Elizabeth Hamner, and his
children were John, William, Roxana, the wife of Henry
Boatright, Archer, Martha, Elizabeth, Judith, Sarah, Pleas-
ant, and Mildred, the wife of Thomas' Garland. Jacob
married Elizabeth Darneille, and his children were John
D. Jr., Isaac D., Elizabeth, Mary, the wife of Thomas N.
Trice, Charlotte, Anna, and Martha Louisa.

lyittlebury married Sarah, daughter of Thomas Staples,
and died in 1827. His children were Maria, the wife of Sam-
uel O. Moon, son of Littlebury Moon, of Buckingham County,
and Jane Hopkins, Martha, the wife of Littlebury Moon, a
brother of Samuel O., Mary, the wife of William H. Turner,
and Mildred, the wife of Rev. Thomas J. Deyerle.

Jacob, son of the first William, married Mildred Hamner,
and died in 1811. His children were Samuel, Schuyler, Mary,
Roxana, the wife of Nathaniel Moon, Susan, Turner, and
Elizabeth, the wife of William Hopkins.

It is said the early Moons, like the Lewises of the same

part of the county, were largely engaged in the business of

transportation on James River, and after its construction, on

the canal.

MOORE.

John Moore was appointed the executor of Matthew Jouett
in 1745, the same year the county of Albemarle was organ-
ized. It is likely his first wife was Matthew Jouett's
daughter. He was evidently a man of means and fine busi-
ness capacity. At different times he owned more than five
thousand acres in the county, including Lot No. Three, on
which the first court at the new county seat was held,
several of the outlots around Charlottesville, a thousand

284 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

acres on Meadow Creek, and more than thirteen hundred east
of the South West Mountain, on part of which stood his
home, subsequently the home of Reuben Lindsay. From the
fact that it was through his land east of the town the road to
the river was made, it is surmised the name of Moore's was
given to the ford, which crossed just below the site of the
.Free Bridge. He was a large landholder also in Louisa, to
which county he removed after selling his residence in Albe-
marle. He died in 1785. He appears to have been joined
in matrimony the second time with Martha, daughter of the
elder John Harvie. His children were John, Edward, James,
Matthew, Frances, the wife of John Henderson Jr., and Eliza-
beth, the wife first of Tucker Woodson, and secondly of
Major Joseph Crockett. It is thought that William Moore ^
who married Mary, daughter of Colonel John Marks and
Mrs. I^ucy Lewis, and lived in Georgia, was also his son by
the last marriage.

John was one of his father's executors, and probably lived
in Louisa. Matthew received from his father a farm on the
borders of Louisa, which he and his wife Letitia sold in 1774
to Rev. Matthew Maury, and removed South. Edward
occupied a position of considerable prominence, but unfor-
tunate habits seem to have ruined both him and his estate.
He was a magistrate, and in the decade of 1790 represented
the county in the House of Delegates. His plantation of five
hundred acres, which he bought from John Harvie, lay on
the Gordonsville Road below Keswick, and in 1805 was sold
under deed of trust to William D. Meriwether. Overwhelmed
with debt, stripped of his property, and declared insane in
1807, he was by order of Court placed in the Asylum, where
he died the next year. His wife was Mildred, daughter of
Colonel Charles Lewis Jr., of Buck Island. His son, John
Lewis, was left by his uncle Isham Lewis, a thousand acres
of land on Blue Run, on the Barboursville Road, which he
sold in 1807 to James Barbour. A daughter Ann is men-
tioned, to whom her brother John Lewis was appointed
guardian, and a son Charles, who was bound as apprentice
for four years to William Watson.

HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLE 285

Another family named Moore resided in the county, the
descendants Oi which still remain in considerable numbers,
though bearing different names. Contrary to the usual
course of emigration, three brothers, Richard, William and
Stephen, came to Albemarle from Person County, North Caro-
lina, sometime before the Revolutionary War ; yet it is said by
relatives now living in North Carolina, that the family first
emigrated thither from Albemarle. Richard lived on the
head waters of the south fork of Hardware, not far from the
Cove. He was twice married, first to Letitia Martin, and
secondly to Keturah, daughter of William Austin, and died
in 1809. He had twelve children, the most of whom, it is
believed, removed to Tennessee. William lived at first near
Richard, but afterwards in the North Garden, on the place
recently owned by the late Garrett White. He married Mary,
daughter of William Gooch, and died in 1818. His son,
Dyer, was a captain in the war of 1812, and removed to Ten-
nessee, where he married Mary, daughter of James Lewis.
Stephen was a man of industry and sound judgment, acquired
a large estate, and died in 1833. His home was in North
Garden, the same place recently occupied by his grandson,
William Durrett. His wife, it is said, was a Miss Royster,
and his children Sarah, the wife of Marcus Durrett, Caroline,
the wife of John White, and Eliza, the wife of Henry Carter
Moore, a kinsman also from North Carolina. H. Carter
Moore resided where Anderson Rothwell now lives, and died
in 1867. The only son in his large family. Shepherd, died
without children in 1871.

MOORMAN.

Charles Moorman came from the Isle of Wight, England,
and in 1744 was living in Louisa, not far from the Green
Spring. He was a leading Quaker, and at that time he and
his son Thomas were overseers of the Friends' Meeting House
on Camp Creek, in Louisa. As early as 1735 they were both
patentees of land within the present bounds of Albemarle.
Charles entered four hundred acres "at the forks of the Ri-
vanna, near the Blue Mountains" — the junction of Mechum's
and Moorman's Rivers — and the entry of Thomas compre-

286 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

bended the present Carrsbrook, and was described as "includ-
ing the Indian Grave low grounds." Seven years later
Thomas entered a larger tract further up the Moorman's, and
thus gave his name to that stream. Charles also purchased
land on Totier Creek, where two of his sons, Thomas and
Robert, afterwards lived. He himself appears never to have
resided in the county. He married Mary, daughter of Abra-
ham Venable, whose home was on Byrd Creek in Goochland,
and his children were Thomas, Charles, Robert, Achilles,
James, Judith, the wife of Christopher Anthony, Elizabeth,
the wife of Christopher Johnson, Agnes, the wife of John
Venable, and Mary, the wife of a Taylor.

-Thomas Moorman was married twice, first to Rachel,
daughter of Christopher Clark, and secondly to Elizabeth,
daughter of Robert and Mourning Adams. He died in 17S7,
and left one son, Robert, who died in 1813, whose widow,
Dorothy, became the wife of John T. Holman, and whose
children were Dorothy, the wife of James L. Neville, Mary,
the wife of Eli Tutwiler, Elizabeth Ann, the wife of Robert
L. Jefferson, and Robert J. Charles married Judith, daughter
of William Moon, Robert married Sarah, another daughter
of William Moon, and had eight children, of whom Mary was
the wife of William Roper, and Elizabeth the wife of Benja-
min Johnson, of Locust Hill on James River; these last
were the parents of Janet, the wife of Austin M. Appling,
Sarah, the wife of John Darneille, Ivouisiana, the wife of
P^dwin H. Gooch, and Dorothy, the wife of William A. Tur-
ner. Robert Moorman sold his land on Totier Creek to John
Harris in 1792, and with the view of emigrating to South
Carolina, appointed John Hudson and William Roper his
attorneys in fact. Achilles married Mary, daughter of
Robert and Mourning Adams, and removed to Bedford
County. The land on Mechunk, which came to the wives of
Thomas and Achilles from their father, Robert Adams, was
purchased by Dr. George Gilmer, of Pen Park.

MORRIS.

Two persons named Morris obtained patents for land in
1743, Hugh on the lower Hardware, and Jacob on Totier

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 287

Creek. They were, as their names indicate, of Welsh origin,
and the strong probability is they were brothers. Jacob's
daughter Ann became the wife of Jacob Kinney, subse-
quently a citizen of Staunton. Kinney owned the Stone
Tavern in Warren, and Lots Seven and Eight in Charlottes-
ville. His widow and daughter, Mrs. Matilda Stribling,
sold the property in Warren to William Brown in 1812, and
the lots to Twyman Wayt in 1815. It may be stated, that
the Kinney family were residents of Albemarle at an early
date. In 1779 the father, William Kinney, bought a tract of
land on the lower Hardware from William Moon Sr., which
his heirs, Chesley, Jacob, William and Nancy Whitesides,
then of Amherst, sold in 1795 to William Moon Jr.

Hugh Morris, sometime previous to 1769, purchased land
in the North Garden, contiguous to the Cross Roads. An
Episcopal Church was built on this land, on the hill south
of the village, and in the conveyance of the land to his son
in 1772, Hugh recites that he never gave the land the church
occupied, but invests his son with power to act as it seemed
best. He died in 1774. His son, Hugh Rice Morris, resided
on the land in North Garden, and died in 1820. It is said he
was an Episcopal clergyman. In the notice of his death it was
stated , that he was present at the first court held in the county ,
and witnessed the proceedings attending its organization.
About 1817 he built the mill below the Cross Roads, now
known as Kidd's Mill. His wife's name was Ann, and his chil-
dren Henry, Samuel, Rice, William, Tandy and Elizabeth.
Rice removed to Augusta County, but returned to Albemarle,
and resided in the neighborhood of Scottsville ; his daughter
Sarah became the wife of Robert Dyer. Tandy was a
physician, and practised in the vicinity of Warren. Wil-
liam married Ann, daughter of Marshall Durrett, bought
from Howell Lewis the farm, with the large brick house, on
which Stephen Carpenter now resides, and died in 1832.
His son William married Helen, daughter of James Alex-
ander, and removed to Mississippi. Henry continued to live
near the Cross Roads. The old church, a wooden structure,
becoming dilapidated by the ravages of time, he gave the

288 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

ground in the village, on which the brick edifice was erected.
He departed this life in 1859.

NEILSON.

John Neilson, a native of Ireland, a carpenter by trade,
was attracted to Albemarle by the erection of the University
buildings. While engaged in this work, he prospered in his
affairs. He bought from Joseph Bishop several acres
between Vinegar Hill and the Whitehall Road, and built
one or two of the brick houses in Random Row. He also
built the large brick near the forks of the L^ynchburg Road,
which afterwards became the property of Professor Blaetter-
man, in which his wife for a time conducted a seminary for
young ladies, and which is now owned by G. L<. Bruffey.
He purchased the Refuge, the old Jones plantation in the
southern part of the county, where Major Anbury, the Rev-
olutionary prisoner, indited a number of his letters. He died
in 1827, devising his property to his family still residing in
Ireland. Andrew Ivcitch, as his executor, carried out the
provisions of his will,

NELSON.

Solomon Nelson in 1759 bought from John Grills two
hundred acres on Moore's Creek, and built the first mill that
occupied the site of that now owned by Hartman. This
tract he sold in 1764 to John Moore, and bought from Edward
Carter a parcel of land in the Ragged Mountains, not far
from Batesville. He sold this place in 1773, and no doubt
removed from the county.

The large tracts in North and South Garden, patented in
the name of Mildred Meriwether, were sold by her and her
husband, John Syme, to President William Nelson, of York-
town, and by him devised to his son Robert. Robert and
his wife Susan sold them in course of time to different parties.
In reference to these interests in North and South Garden,
Samuel Murrcll acted as Mr. Nelson's agent. He was also
the owner of a tract of upwards of two thousand acres on
Mechunk, which was patented by Thomas Darsie in 1733,
descended to his son Thomas, and by him sold in 1748 to

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 289

James Power. How, or when, it came into the hands of
Robert Nelson, is not known, but in 1778 he sold it to John
Clark.

Hugh Nelson, son of Governor Thomas, and grandson of
President William, became a citizen of Albemarle in 1802.
In that year he was admitted a member of its bar. He
married Eliza, daughter of Francis Kinloch, of South Caro-
lina, and Mildred, only daughter of John Walker, eldest son
of Dr. Thomas Walker. His home was at Belvoir, on the
east side of the South West Mountain. In 1803 he purchased
from lyilburn L,ewis his plantation of nearly nine hundred
acres on the north side of the Rivanna, which in 1815 he sold
to John R. Campbell, and which is now in part the property
of David Hancock's heirs. He represented the county in the
House of Delegates, of which he was Speaker, and was a
member of Congress from 1811 to 1823, when he resigned to
accept the appointment of Minister to Spain. In 1819 he
became a magistrate of the county. He died in 1836. His
children were Francis K., Mildred, the wife "Of Thomas Nel-
son, of Clark, Ann, the wife of Dr. Thomas Meriwether, Dr.
Thomas, of Elk Hill, Rev. Cleland K., Keating, and Dr.
Robert W., who still lives to represent the name in Albe-
marle.

NICHOLAS.

The first patentee of land on James River within the
present county was George Nicholas, of Williamsburg. He
made the entry — the third in the county — of twenty-six hun-
dred acres in 1729. This was Dr. George Nicholas, the
immigrant, as the same land descended to his eldest son,
Robert Carter Nicholas, Treasurer of the colony. Robert
Carter never lived in Albemarle. John, Dr. George's second
son, became its Clerk in 1750, and continued to hold the
office till 1792. In that year he resigned, and spent the
remainder of his life in the southern part of the county, or
in Buckingham. His wife was Martha, daughter of Colonel
Joshua Fry, and his children John, Robert, George, Joshua,
Elizabeth, and another daughter, the wife of a Scott. John
—19

290 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

succeeded his father as Clerk, He was an extensive dealer
in the real estate of the county. He purchased a large plan-
tation near Ivy Depot, on which he lived for some years,
and which he sold to Dabney and Thomas Gooch. He
became the owner of all the land surrounding Charlottesville
on the south and west, extending from the Scottsville Road
to Meadow Creek. His last residence was at Hor de Ville,
where James D. Goodman now lives. In 1815 he resigned
his ofSce, and removed to Buckingham. His wife was
lyouisa Howe Carter, of Williamsburg. His brother Joshua,
who was for a time his deputy, married Sarah, daughter of
Peter Marks, and removed to Charlotte County.

Three of Robert Carter Nicholas's sons, George, Wilson
Carj' and Lewis, were residents of Albemarle. George was
Captain, Major and Colonel in the Revolutionary army.
After the war he practised law in Charlottesville, and in 1788
was a member of the House of Delegates, and of the Conven-
tion to ratify the United States Constitution. He owned the
square on which L^ipscomb's Stable stands, and built as his
residence the stone house, which was long known as the
Stone Tavern. He purchased about two thousand acres of
land in the county, part of it that on which the University
stands, part on Moore's Creek, and part in the western sec-
tion on Ivy Creek and Lickinghole. He married Mary, sis-
ter of General Samuel Smith, of Baltimore. In 1790 he
removed to Kentucky, was active in its formation as a State,
and was its first Attorney General. At the time of his
removal, he sold most of his lands to Samuel Beale, of James
City, but died in 1799 before they were transferred; and this
act was not accomplished till 1818, when James Morrison,
his executor, conveyed them to Beale's heirs.

Wilson Cary was also a soldier of the Revolution, the
commander of Washington's Life Guards. He filled the
offices of magistrate of the county, member of the Legisla-
ture, United States Senator, and Governor of Virginia. His
home was on his plantation on James River, including War-
ren, which he laid out as a town in 1794. His desire for
acquiring the broad acres amounted to a passion. Besides

HISTOKY OF ALBEMARLE 291

his possessions in the southern part of the county, he owned
about two thousand acres at the Barracks, more than a thou-
sand on both sides of the Rivanna, including Carrsbrook,
and tens of thousands of acres in Bedford and Botetourt,
and on the Ohio River. He was in consequence greatly
oppressed with burdensome debts, which no doubt con-
tributed to the shortening of his days. Being advised to
travel on account of ill health, he set out for the North ; but
unable to continue his journey, he returned on his way home
as far as Tufton, then the residence of his son-in-law. Colo-
nel T. J. Randolph, where he died in 1820. His wife was
Margaret, sister of his brother George's wife, and his chil-
dren Mary, the wife of John Patterson, Gary Ann, the wife
of John Smith, and mother of Margaret, Robert Hill Carter's
wife, Robert C, Wilson C, Margaret, Jane, the wife of T.
J, Randolph, JohnS. , Sarah, and Sidney, the wife of Dabney
Carr, Minister to Constantinople.

Lewis had his home at Alta Vista, a fine plantation west
of Green Mountain. He became involved in his brother
Wilson's embarrassments, and was thereby seriously broken
in fortune. He married Frances, daughter of William Harris,
and his children were John S., Wilson C, Robert, Cary Ann,
the wife of Rev. Charles Wingfield, and Sarah, the wife of
John H. Coleman. John S. and Wilson C. were appointed
magistrates of the county in 1838.

OLD.

John Old came to Albemarle from I/ancaster County,
Pennsylvania, in 1769, and engaged with John Wilkinson in
establishing a forge for the manufacture of iron. This
was erected in the gorge of the south fork of Hard-
ware, a short distance south of Garland's Store. In 1782
he bought from William Hamner nine hundred acres
on the north fork of Hardware, at the crossing of the
old lyynchburg Road, and there built another forge.
This was a widely known point in its day. Mr. Jeffer-
son mentions it in his Notes. The road to it was spoken of
as the road to Old's Forge oftener perhaps than as the Lynch-
burg Road. This property he sold in 1793 to Henry Weaver

292 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

and his brother James. He died in 1809. He and his wife
Sarah had a son John, and a daug:hter Sarah, the wife of
Edward Garland. John married in 1785 Elizabeth, daughter
of Benjamin Dod Wheeler, and died in 1812. His children
were Xancy, the wife of Thomas Eubank, who removed to
Monroe Countjs Kentucky, Elizabeth, the wife of Reuben
Eubank, Ann, the wife of Joseph F. Wingfield, Thomas J.,
George W., and probably Abijah. Thomas and George
removed to Campbell County. Abijah married Sarah Fret-
well, lived in the neighborhood of Old's Forge, and died in
1840. His children were James A., John, William, Martha,
Mary, the wife of John B. Douglass, and Sarah, the wife of
Samuel Norvell. The most of the last family removed to
Missouri.

James Old, brother of the first John, came to Albemarle
several years after his brother. He had been a Revolutionary
soldier, was in the unfortunate expedition against Quebec,
and fought in the battle of Ivong Island. His home was on
Black Walnut Branch, between Mount Olivet Church and
Garland's Store. He built the mill two miles east of Red
Hill Depot about 1804. He died unmarried in 1821, devis-
ing the mill to George M. Woods and James Old Walters.

OLDHAM.

James Oldham was one of the contractors for erecting the
buildings of the University. This work most probably
allured him to the county, and its profits induced him to settle
in it. In 1828 he purchased from the trustees of Benjamin
Hardin the land on the Staunton Road, immediately
east of Mechum's River Depot. There he kept for some
years a house of public entertainment. He seems to have
been of an irascible temper. In such a state of mind he shot
Archelaus Robertson, the son of a neighbor about Christ-
mas 1834. As the grand jury declined to indict him, there
must have been but slight injury, and likely some provoca-
tion. His wife was Mary, daughter of Henry Gambell. He
died in 1843.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 293

PAGE.

In former times several Pages lived in Albemarle. In
1770 Robert Page purchased from Hezekiah Inman four
hundred acres on Taylor's Creek, near the border of what is
now Nelson. His children were James, William, Robert,
George, Samuel, Nicholas, Jane, the wife of Burgess Griffin,
Mary, the wife of Sherrard Griffin, and Elizabeth, the wife of
Peter Davis, of Hanover. All of these emigrated to Adair
County, Kentucky, except William, and Nicholas, who died
in 1817. In 1829 Nicholas M. Page, son of the younger
Robert, returned to Albemarle, where for some years he pros-
ecuted business as a merchant in Batesville, and achieved the
notable task of administering the great estate of Samuel Mil-
ler. He was a magistrate under the old regime, having been
appointed in 1841. He still lives, a venerable memorial of a
former generation, A William Page was the owner of land
below Milton, and of Lot Forty in Charlottesville, in the
early part of the century. When he sold the lot in 1815, he
was described as a citizen of Nelson. He may have been the
William mentioned above.

Dr. Mann Page, son of Major Carter Page, of Cumberland,
came to the county about 1815. In that year he was united
in marriage to Jane Frances, daughter of Francis Walker.
His home was at Turkey Hill, a part of the Castle Hill place,
which his wife inherited from her father. Dr. Page was ap-
pointed a magistrate of the county in 1824, and died in 1850.
His children were Maria, Ella, Jane, Charlotte, William,
Francis W., Carter H., Frederick W., Mann, Thomas W.,
and Dr. R. Channing, of New York.

PATRICE.

John Patrick, of Augusta, bought nearly a thousand acres
in the western part of the county, most, if not all, being a
portion of the immense Chiswell patent. His purchase com-
menced in 1765. Two years after he conveyed three hundred
acres to his son Charles ; the remainder he appears to have
sold to other persons. Charles died in 1797. His children
were John, Charles, Mary, the wife of Joseph Burgher,

294 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

Rachel, the wife of Thomas Smith, Martha, the wife of Joel
Smith, and Margaret. Charles married Dorcas, daughter of
Samuel Black, and removed to Fayette County, Kentucky.
John succeeded to his father's place, and died in 1832. He
was twice married, and his children were John M., Mary

Susan, the wife of Thomas O. Carr, and the wife of

James Lobban. The old homestead is still in the possession
of one of the descendants, Sarah A. Patrick, who became the
wife of James W. Timberlake.

PERRY.
George Perry was the owner of nearly five hundred acres
on Shepherd's Creek, a tributary of the lower Hardware, just
before the Revolutionary War. It is likely he was the father
of John M. Perry, the most noted of the name resident in
Albemarle. Countenance is given to this view by the fact,
that John M. first appears in the same section of the county,
purchasing in 1804 from Henry Wood a parcel of land on Buck
Island, which two years later he sold to Martin Railey.
About the same time a brother, Reuben, bought from Whit-
aker Carter his interest in his father's lands in Kentucky, and
in all probability removed to that State. George Perry, who
owned a tract of more than three hundred acres on Moore's
Creek, and in 1817 sold it to Nelson Barksdale, was perhaps
another brother.

John M. in 1814 purchased from John Nicholas, the County
Clerk, a tract of land including that on which the University
stands, and three years after sold that part of it to Alexan-
der Garrett, as Proctor of the Central University. In 1818
he l)0ught from James Scott the Hydraulic Mills, and from
David J. Lewis a large plantation in the same neighborhood.
At the same time he was busily engaged as a contractor in the
erection of Imildings. He constructed a number of the edi-
fices connected with the University, and built as his own res-
idence the brick house near by, known as Montebello. He
also built the mansion of Judge Philip Barbour on his place
Krascati, not far from Gordonsville. He was appointed a
magistrate in 1816, and for some years took an active part in
the business of the county. In 1829 he began selling off his

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 295

property, in 1834 disposing of the Hydraulic Mills to Nathan-
iel Burnley and Rice Wood, and his land in that vicinity to
William P. Parish. A year or two later he removed to Mis-
souri, and subsequently to Mississippi, where he soon after

died. His wife's name was Frances and his children

were Ann, the wife of Samuel Campbell, Elizabeth, the wife
of George W. Spooaer, who was associated with him in his
work at the University, and Calvin L,., who was admitted to
the bar in 1828, and married Mary Tutt, a sister of Professor
Bonnycastle's wife.

PEYTON.

John Peyton, son of Craven Peyton, of Loudoun County,
was an ofl&cer in the Revolutionary army, and during the war
was sent to Fluvanna County to purchase supplies. Three
nephews, sons of his brother Valentine, joined him there,
Craven, Robert and John. The nephews settled in Milton,
and Robert and John died unmarried at an early age. Cra-
ven, inheriting the property of his brothers, and likely that
of his uncle, who also died unmarried, became the possessor
of a large estate. He purchased from the family of Bennett
Henderson more than eleven hundred acres surrounding Mil-
ton, which in 1811 he sold to Mr. Jefferson. He also ac-
quired from his father-in-law nearly a thousand acres on both
sides of the Rivanna, including the old Lewis homestead of
Monteagle, which he made his home. He married Jane Jef-
ferson, daughter of Charles Lilburn Lewis and his wife Lucy,
a sister of Mr. Jefferson. He died in 1837. His children
were Margaret, the second wife of Isham R. Jefferson, Val-
entine, Lucy, the wife of James W. Eskridge, Mary, the wife
of William C. Eskridge, and Charles Lewis. The family
removing to other places, most of them to the Valley, the
estate passed into other hands. Charles Lewis settled at
Richlands, Greenbrier County, where he died a few years
ago, and his son, Rev. Charles W. Peyton is preaching as a
Presbyterian minister in Texas.

Bernard Peyton, a merchant of Richmond, about 1850
bought Farmington from John Coles Carter, when he removed
to Missouri. He made it his home, and died there suddenly

296 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

in 1854. He was the father of Major Green Peyton, Proctor
of the Universit}-, and a second cousin of Craven before men-
tioned, and of John Howe Peyton, the distinguished lawyer
of Staunton.

Another family of the name was settled in the county.
Henry Peyton became the owner of Park Hill, the old Drury
Wood place near Stony Point, where he resided until his death.
His wife was a sister of William P. Parish, and his sons were
William, Benjamin, George Iv., Dr. E. O., Bernard and Eu-
gene, all of whom exhibited a marked degree of enterprise,
some in conducting lines of Stages, and some in hotel keep-
ing. They removed for the most part to West Virginia.

PHILLIPS.

In 1746 Joseph Phillips obtained a grant of land on Buck
Mountain Creek, and removing to North Carolina in 1778,
sold it to John Phillips, who by further purchases acquired a
considerable landed estate. From 1750 to 1760 Leonard
Phillips patented nearly a thousand acres in the southern
part of the county on Ivy and Green Creeks, portions of
which he sold to George Blain, and to Peter and William
Farrar.

William B. Phillips came to the county at the time the
University buildings were projected, and was engaged in the
work of their construction. He was afterwards active in his
dealings in real estate, both in town and country. In 1823
he bought Eots Thirteen and Seventy-Seven, and built upon
them the brick houses, the former of which he sold to Gov-
ernor Gilmer in 1831, and the latter to Dr. James A. I^eitch.
He purchased in 1833 from Eli Alexander nearly five hun-
dred acres of the Colle estate, and built thereon the large
brick mansion, which was subsequently the residence of Dr.
George M. Bowen, and more recently of Hamilton Potts.
His busy career terminated in Charlottesville in 1861.

PILSON,
It is probable the Pilson family originally belonged to
Augusta County. In 1760 Richard of that name purchased
from Jean Kinkead two hundred and twenty-four acres lying

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 297

at the foot of the Blue Ridge. He appears to have died not
long after, and the property descended to his son Samuel.
In 1778 Samuel was living in Augusta, and in that year sold
the land to William Pilson. William sold it to Nathaniel
Harlow in 1783, and five years later it was the first purchase
of John Dettor, of York County, Pennsylvania. It is likely
that Samuel and William were brothers, and that Mary
Pilson, who became the wife of William Wallace in 1771,
was their sister.

John Pilson next appears, and was the son of Samuel.
He was a man of sterling character, sincere piety, and the
strictest integrity. He carried on the mercantile business in
partnership with his cousin William Wallace until the death
of William in 1809, and then conducted it alone for many
years. The store stood on the old Staunton Road on the
north side of the branch, opposite the house now owned by
Rev. Dabney Davis. He invested the earnings of his busi-
ness in the old Hardin property, which in 1837 he sold to
Thomas C. Bowen, He was appointed a magistrate in 1824,
and served for a time as ruling elder in the Mountain Plains
Church. He never married, but v»'as once engaged to his
cousin Polly Wallace. Their union being opposed by friends
because of relationship, they quietly acquiesced, but withal
still loved and lived in each other's eyes until her death in
1845; and to her memory he remained constant until his own
death, which occurred ten years later. A nephew, Matthew
Pilson, from Augusta County, was for some years an assist-
ant in the store. After John's death he returned to Augusta,
where he died not long ago at an advanced age.

PIPER.
John Piper first purchased land in Albemarle in 1779. He
then bought from Alexander Henderson four hundred acres
on L,ickinghole, which he sold to John Buster in 1792. In
the meantime, in 1783, he bought from Charles Wingfield a
place between Batesville and the Nelson line, which he made
his home. When the records begin again in 1783, he was an
acting magistrate of the county. In 1815 he conveyed nearly
five hundred acres of his land to his son. His wife's name

298 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

was Ann, and his children William and Klizabeth, the wife
of Garrett White, of North Garden. William, who succeeded
to the homestead, died in 1835. He and his wife Elizabeth
had eleven children, Mary Ann, Garrett W., William, Nancy,
the wife of Robert Field, Marshall, Willis, Jeremiah, Eliza-
beth, the wife of Richard M. Durrett, Richard, Frances and
John. Some years after the death of the father, the place
was sold to William H. Turner, and those of the family still
living removed to Missouri.

PRICE.

Edmund Price owned land for a short time in the neigh-
borhood of Scott's Landing prior to 1770. John Price
married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Brown, of Brown's
Cove, and in 1777 seems to have been a resident of Augusta
County.

Richard Price was one of the earliest inhabitants of Milton,
and there spent his life. He died in 1827. He was twice
married. His children by his first wife were Jane, the wife
of John Watson, Isabel, the wife of Edmund Read, and
L,ucy, the wife of John Burks, and mother of Eucy Jane, the
wife of Eilburn R. Railey. His second wife, Frances, had a
daughter, Sarah, who became the wife of Robert C. Scott, of
Lynchburg.

In the early years of the century, John Price lived in the
northeast part of the county. His wife was Sarah, daughter
of Abraham Munday, and his children John, Henry, Matilda,
the wife of William Marshall, Amanda, the wife of Nimrod
Herring, Louisa, the wife of Thomas Harlow, Harriet, the
wife of Thomas Salmon, Daniel and Nimrod.

Henry Price about 1823 came to Charlottesville from
Mecklenburg County. He was a native of Stockport, Eng-
land, and a tailor by trade. He owned at one time the
house on the corner of the west side of the Square and High
Street, and the house in the rear of the late Thomas Wood's.
The latter he sold in 1829 to Dr. Frank Carr. He died in
1835. The next year his widow Nancy bought the lot on
Park Street, north of Thomas Wood's, and built the brick
house, which in comparatively recent years was enlarged by

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 299

R. R. Prentis. He had a daughter Rebecca, who became the
wife of Christopher Hornsey, and a son Henry, who lately
acquired some notoriety, by exploiting a patent for an
immense tract of land in the disputed zone between Vene-
zuela and British Guiana.

Stephen C. Price in 1826 married Lydia Ann, daughter of
Charles Harper. He lived on a farm on the south side of the
old Richard Woods Road, southwest of Ivy Depot. He acted
for a time as Treasurer of the County School Commissioners.
He died in 1845. His children were Lucy, the wife of Jesse
ly. Maury, Charles H., Daniel, Robert, Elizabeth, and Sarah,
the wife of James E. Pride.

OUARLES.

Roger Quarles in V/41 obtained a grant of four hundred
acres on both sides of Priddy's Creek, which William Quarles,
who was no doubt Roger's son, and who was described as of
Orange County, sold to Richard Durrett in 1763. Whether
any of the family ever lived on the land, is not known ; it was
however suflBciently recognized by the public, to give the
name of Quarles's Creek to a branch of Priddy's Creek pass-
ing through it, and crossing the Barboursville Road.

In 1767 James Quarles, of King William, purchased from
John Walker a plantation called Rock Hall, and containing
nearly nine hundred acres, originally a part of the large
Meriwether grant. He sold it in 1776 to Cornelius Ruddell,
who two years after sold it to John Hunton, of Augusta. It
remained in the Hunton family many years, Charles B. Hun-
ton, a son of John, being appointed a magistrate in 1791,
serving as Sheriff in 1813. and dying in 1818. James Quarles
in 1778 bought from John Clark nearly thirteen hundred
acres on Mechunk, which four years later he sold to Francis
Kinloch, of South Carolina. He was appointed a magistrate,
and was occupying the office of Sheriff in 1783, when the
records again begin. He had a daughter Ann, who in 1785
became the wife of Henry Washington, of King George.
Washington died in 1788, leaving two children, Frances
Maria, and Ann Catharine, and in 1791 his widow was mar-
ried to John Tinsley. Whether Quarles continued to reside

300 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

in Albemarle till his death, or removed elsewhere, does not
appear.

A tract of seventeen hundred acres lying on the waters of
Buck Island and Hardware, was purchased from Duncan
McLaughlin by a company consisting of Benjamin Fitzpat-
rick, Robert Wright, Robert French, and John Quarles of
Louisa. In connection with the final disposition of this
land, it appeared that John Quarles had six children, two of
whom were Albert G. and Garrett Minor. Garrett became
a member of the Albemarle bar in 1813. Albert G. married
Mary, daughter of Dabney Minor, and his children were
Matilda, Lucy, Henry, and Albert, who removed with their
parents to Kentucky.

RAILEY.

Martin Railey came to Albemarle from Chesterfield in 1806.
He lived on Buck Island, on a farm he purchased from John
M. Perry. He died in 1814. His wife was Elizabeth Mayo»
and his children Daniel M., John M., Lilburn R., and
Catharine, the wife of Anderson Shiflett. Daniel succeeded
to the homestead, Woodbourne, married Lucy Jane, daugh-
ter of John Watson, of Milton, was appointed a magistrate
in 1830, and not long after sold his place, and removed to
Southwest Virginia. His descendants continued still further
West, and some are now living in Missouri. John married
Mary, daughter of William Watson. He died early about
1833. After his death his widow built the brick house on the
north end of Second Street, now the residence of Mrs. J. W.
Lipop. He had four children, all of whom removed from the
county. Lilburn R. was educated at Washington College in
Lexington, married Lucy Jane Burks, niece of John Watson,
was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church, and was
appointed a magistrate of the county in 1838. His home
was on his farm near the Hydraulic Mills, recently owned by
William Nuttycomb. After the war he resided in Charlottes-
ville. He died in 1893.

RAMSAY.

Rev. John Ramsay was the rector of St. Anne's parish,
lived in the southern part of the county, and died in 1770.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 301

In 1772 John Ramsay, of Augusta, purchased from Archi-
bald Woods nearly four hundred acres on Stockton's Creek,
■and five years later sold them to Alexander Ramsay, in all
probability a brother. In 1774 William, another brother as
is supposed, bought from Adam Dean in the same vicinity
more than four hundred acres, and ten years after from Alex-
ander all that belonged to him.

William married Margaret, daughter of Andrew Wallace,
and granddaughter of old Michael Woods. His home was on
the place where James M. Bowen resided. He first built the
mill on the place, which in early times went by the name of
Ramsay's Mill. The old dwelling still stands near the head
of the mill pond. He died in 1825. He had three sons,
Andrew, John and William. In 1814 Andrew was living on
a farm on the Staunton Road, adjoining the lands of G. W.
Kinsolving, William Fretwell and John Dettor. His chil-
dren were Thomas, Higginbotham, Margaret, William Albert,
Mary J., and Andrew W. John married Mary, daughter of
Samuel Black. His home was where Dr. John R. Baylor
lived. His children were William, Jane, the wife of John G.
Lobban, Catharine, Joseph T. , Mary, the wife of James C.
Rothwell, and Dorcas. William, son of William, succeeded
to the home of his father, and died in 1832. His children
were Jane, the wife of Jarrett Harris, William S., Margaret,
the wife of Meredith Martin, and Mary, the wife of Jeremiah
Wayland. All the descendants of these families, bearing
the name, removed to different parts of the West.

RANDOLPH.

William Randolph, of Tuckahoe, was the first of the name
to enter land within the present limits of Albemarle. In
1735 he was granted twenty -four hundred acres "on the north
side of the Rivanna near the mountains, a little below Moun-
tain Falls." On the organization of the county, he was
appointed its Clerk. At his death his land passed to his
•son, Thomas Mann Randolph, of Tuckahoe. Neither William
nor Thomas ever resided in the county, but soon after the
marriage of Thomas Mann's son, bearing the same name,
with Martha Jefferson, and his own second marriage with

302 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Gabriella, daughter of John Harvie, the land was transferred
by the father to the son. The latter then made Edgehill his
home. He engaged with much activity in public affairs.
He was appointed a magistrate in 1794, elected to Congress
in 1801, and chosen Governor of Virginia in 1819. He dis-
played a livelj^ zeal in promoting the interests of agriculture
in the county. He died in 182 8. His children were Ann,
the wife of Charles h. Bankhead, Thomas J., Ellen, the wife
of Joseph Coolidge, of Boston, Cornelia, Virginia, the wife
of Nicholas. P. Trist, Dr. Benjamin F., and George Wythe.

The home of Charles L,. Bankhead was Carlton. He was
twice married. His children by his first wife were John W. ,
who recently died in Missouri, Ellen Monroe, the wife of
John Coles Carter, and Thomas Mann, who settled in Arkan-
sas. His second wife was Mary Carthrae, a granddaughter
of General Samuel H. lycwis, of Rockingham. He died
about 1833, leaving one son, Charles L., by the last marriage.
The stalwart and venerable figure of Colonel Thomas J. is
familiar to many still living. For many years he took a
leading part in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the
county. He was a magistrate, a member of the lyCgislature,
a devoted member of the County Agricultural Society, and
President of the Farmers' Bank. He married Jane, daughter
of Governor W. C. Nicholas. Benjamin F. was a physician,
and lived at the south end of Carter's Mountain. He mar-
ried Sarah, daughter of Robert H. Carter. In addition to
his professional labors, he was appointed a magistrate in
1846, and for several terms was a member of the State Senate.
George W. was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1840, and
a few years after removed to Richmond. In the days of the
Confederacy, he was its last Secretary of War.

Colonel Richard Randolph, of Henrico, owned land in
Albemarle. In 1760 he obtained a grant of two hundred and
forty acres on Moore's Creek. At some time he purchased
twelve hundred acres adjoining the tract just mentioned from
someone, perhaps from William Taylor, who seems to have
entered it in 1737. To Dr. Thomas Walker, as trustee of
the county, he sold a thousand acres of this land, on which

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 303

in 1762, Charlottesville, the new courthouse, was estab-
lished. He also entered nearly fifteen hundred acres in the
southern part of the county on Green Creek. He probably
never resided on this land, but managed it through the
agency of overseers.

Governor Edmund Randolph was also a landholder in
Albemarle. In 1786 he purchased from John Fry twenty-
five hundred acres on Green Mountain, including the View-
mont estate. For some years he sought relaxation from his
professional and ofiBcial cares in looking after this property.
In 1793 he petitioned for the right to erect a mill on Hard-
ware, where Colonel Fry had had one before. He sold this
land to William C. Carter in 1798.

In 1805 Dr. Thomas Kston Randolph bought from John-
son Rowe the land opposite Milton, on which is situated the
estate of Glenmore. His wife was Jane Cary, sister of
Governor Thomas Mann Randolph. He was appointed a
magistrate of the county in 1807. In 1813 he sold Glenmore
to Louis H. Girardin, the continuai-or of Burk's History of
Virginia, and purchased a plantation further down the river
on Carroll's Creek, called Ashton, This place he sold in
1826 to Joel W. Brown, and removed to Campbell County.
His daughter, Elizabeth, became the wife of Francis Eppes
Jr., the grandson of Mr. Jefferson.

In the decade of 1840, John T. Randolph came to the
county from the Valley, and married Ann, daughter of Wil-
liam P. Farish. In 1862 he entered the Baptist ministry.

RE A.

The name of Rea is found in the county at the time of its
formation. In 1747 Fergus Rea bought a portion of the Chis-
well patent on Rockfish. About the same time John Rea was
the owner of land on the Rivanna near Martin King's Ford,
the present Union Mills. Whether these persons were related
to those hereafter mentioned, does not appear.

Andrew, Thomas and Samuel Rea were considerably inter-
ested in real estate during a period extending from 1744 to
1788. At the first of these dates, Andrew entered a small
tract on the south side of the Rivanna, a short distance above

304 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

the mouth of Ivy Creek, and at the time was the owner of
land adjoining. Beyond doubt he gave name to the ford so
called, though it should be written Rea, not Ray; in the patent
it is written Reay. Thomas owned land on the head waters
of Mechum's near Round Mountain, and subsequently pur-
chased in the vicinity of Rea's Ford, and on Meadow Creek^
not far from the old Poor House. Samuel also had a place
near Rea's Ford, and in 1788 bought on Beaver Creek between
Crozet and Whitehall. All three were married, the name of
Andrew's wife being Mary, that of Thomas's Ursula, and
that of Samuel's Jane, daughter of Daniel Maupin and his
wife, Margaret Via. These persons, it is likely, were broth-
ers. Samuel's children were Daniel, Andrew, Thomas, Rob-
ert, and Margaret, the wife of Ezekiel McCauley. Robert
married Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Maupin and his wife,
Mary Elizabeth Dabney, lived in the Beaver Creek neighbor.
hood, and died in 1831. In a report of Bernard Brown of
persons listed to work ou the roads near the foot of Buck's
Elbow in 1792, Andrew and Thomas Rea are mentioned;
and in an order of Court on the same subject made in 1823,
o^cur the names of Robert, Thomas and Bland.

Thomas, the third son of Samuel, lived beneath Buck's
Elbow, and died in 1850. His wife was Ann, daughter of
Bland Ballard, and his children Daniel, Jane, the wife of Gar-
land Maury, Bland, Jemima, the wife of Richard Beckett,
Ann, the wife of John Bales, Samuel, and Margaret, the wife
of George Wolfe. Bland married Sarah Alexander, and sec-
ondly Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel John Jones. In his
youth he was associated with Benjamin Ficklin in the man-
ufacture of tobacco, but afterwards settled as a farmer near
the old homestead, and died in 1868. His children were
John A., Joseph, William, James, Mary, the wife of Bernard
Tilman, and Maria, the wife of Oscar I,ipscomb.

RIVES.
In the latter part of the last century, Robert Rives, who
married Margaret, daughter of Colonel William Cabell, trans-
acted an extensive business at Warminster, Nelson County.
In the enterprising spirit which inspired his undertakings, he

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 305

established a branch house in Milton, soon after the founding
of that town, under the firm of Brown, Rives & Co. The
partners were James Brown, of Richmond, Robert Rives, and
Robert Burton. He also became the owner of large and val-
uable tracts of land in Albemarle. For the Boiling Spring
plantation, which he bought from John Patterson, of Balti-
more, in 1818, he gave sixty thousand dollars, the largest
sum perhaps ever paid for any farm in this region. His sons,
William C, George, Henry, Robert and Alexander, all re-
sided in Albemarle.

William C. in 1819 married Judith, daughter of Francis
Walker, who inherited Castle Hill as her portion of her fa-
ther's estate. About the same time he became a member of
the Albemarle bar. His career in public is a matter of his-
tory. He did service in the lyegislature, in the United States
Senate, and as Minister to France. He was regarded as one
of the most finished orators of his day. After his retirement
he was occupied in writing a history of the Life and Times of
James Madison. He died in 1868. George married Mary
Eliza, daughter of Robert Carter. His home was at Sherwood,
on the north side of the Hardware, below Carter's Bridge.
He married a second time Maria, daughter of Professor George
Tucker, and died in 1874. Henry received from his father a
plantation on Green Mountain in 1827. Robert married Eliz-
abeth Pynnill, and resided at the old Nicholas place near
Warren. He died in 1867. Alexander was admitted to the
bar in 1829, and made his home for many years at Carleton,
which he purchased in 1833 from the trustees of Charles E.
Bankhead. He was a member of both houses of the Legis-
lature, and of Congress, and soon after the war was appointed
Judge of the United States Court for the western District of
Virginia. He was twice married, first to Isabel Wydown,
and secondly to Sarah Watson, of Louisa, and died in 1885.

Paulina, a daughter of Robert Rives, was the wife of Rich-
ard Pollard, who lived in the southern part of the county.
Their children were Margaret, the wife of James P. Hender-
son, Virginia, Rosalie, James R., Lucy, Richard, Edward
A., and Henry Rives. Edward and Henry were both jour-
—20

306 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

nalists. Besides his editorial labors on the Richmond Ex-
aminer, Edward published a number of works, and died in
Lynchburg in 1772 . On account of an article which appeared
in the Southern Opinion, of which he was one of the editors,
Henry was shot by James Grant in Richmond in November
1868, and his remains were brought for interment in the
family burying ground in Albemarle.

RODES.

The first of the Rodes name to settle in Albemarle was
John, and his coming occurred in 1749. In that year he
bought from James Armor four hundred acres on the north
fork of Rockfish, and in the conveyance was described as of
St. Martin's parish, lyouisa. He also purchased land on
Moorman's River. He died in 1775. His wife was Mary
Crawford, and he left five daughters and four sons, David,
Clifton, Charles and John.

David came to the county in 1756, and lived on the north
side of Moorman's River. Besides managing his plantation,
he conducted a store. He was appointed a magistrate, and
served as Sheriff, probably in 1776 and 1777. He was twice
married, first as is believed to Mary, daughter of Matthew
Mills, and secondly to Susan, daughter of Nelson Anderson.
He died in 1794, and his widow became the wife of James
Kerr. His children, all of whom were born of the first mar-
riage, were John, Matthew, Charles, Mary, the wife of
Robert Douglass, Elizabeth, the wife of Horsley Goodman,
Nancy, the wife of William Dulaney, Ann, the wife of James
Ballard, Lucy, the wife of Joseph Twyraan, Martha, the
wife of Joel Yancey, and Mildred, the wife of William Wal-
den. The Douglass, Yancey, Walden, and probably Du-
laney, families removed to Kentucky. John died unmarried
in 1823. Matthew succeeded to his father's place. He was
appointed a magistrate in 1816. By becoming security, he
was involved in financial difficulties, and his property was
sold to pay his debts ; it was however redeemed by his son
David. He died in 1834. His wife was Nancy Blackwell,
and his children David, Mary, Robert, Henrietta, the wife of
Clement P. McKennie, Gilly, the wife of Robert Guy, Ann,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 307

the wife of Daniel Fishburne, Elizabeth, the second wife of
Nathaniel Massie, Mildred and Judith. David about 1816
was deputy Clerk of the county, and afterward removed to
I^ynchburg. In 1822 he married Martha, daughter of Joel
Yancey, of Bedford. General Robert K- Rodes, of the Con-
federate army, who fell at Winchester in 1864, was his son.
Robert succeeded to the homestead, was twice married, first
to Margaret, daughter of Richard Duke, and secondly to
Hardenia Williams, of Nelson, and died in 1874.

Clifton first lived at the foot of Buck's Elbow, on a place
he bought in 1769 from Matthew Mullins, and afterward sold
to Cornelius Maupin. In 1773 he purchased from William
Lewis a plantation near Ivy Depot, which he made his home
until 1788, when he sold it to George Nicholas, and not long
after removed to Kentucky. He was a magistrate of the
county, and served as Sheriff in 1783. His wife was Sarah
Waller, and three of his children were married in Albemarle,
John to Jean Stapleton, daughter of Thomas Burch, Dorothy_
to David Kerr, and Mary to Joseph Burch, brother. of John's
wife, and grandfather of Rev. Dr. J. J. Bullock, and the wife
of Vice-President Breckinridge.

Charles resided where his father first bought, on the
waters of Rockfish. The land now lies in Nelson County.
From his family the Methodist Church in that vicinity is
commonly spoken of as Rodes's Church. He died in 1798.
Mrs. McClunn, who resides near Batesville, is his grand-
daughter, and William Rodes, who lives at Brooksville, his
great grandson.

John lived on the south side of Moorman's River, and died
in 1810. His wife was Sarah, daughter of Robert Harris,
and his children Robert, Tyree, Clifton, John, Charles, Mary,
Ann, the wife of John Garth, Henrietta, the wife of Rev.
Bernis Brown, and Sarah, the wife first of William Daven-
port, and secondly of Micajah Woods. Robert was a Captain
in the Revolutionary army, and made prisoner at the capture
of Charleston, S. C. He married Eliza Dulaney, and removed
to Madison County, Kentucky. Tyree emigrated to Giles
County, Tennessee. Clifton lived near Ivy Depot on a farm.

308 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

which was given him by his father, and which he sold in
1810 to George Pickett, of Richmond. In 1807 he was
appointed a magistrateof the county. He married Elizabeth,
daughter of John Jouett, and was the administrator of the
Jouett estate. After the sale of his property he removed to
Kentucky. John succeeded to the paternal estate south of
Moorman's River. He was also appointed a magistrate in
1807, and served as Sheriff in 1832. He died in 1839. His
wife was Francina, daughter of Bernard Brown, and his
children Sidney, wife of Powhatan Jones, of Buckingham,
Ryland, John D., William, Sarah, wife of Samuel C. Woods,
who emigrated to Missouri, Tyree, Virginia, the wife of
W. C. Smith, Jacintha, the wife of J. Smith, Frances, the
wife of Garland Brown, and lyucy Ann, the wife of James
Payne. Rjdand married Sarah Woods, and lived and died
in Nelson. John D. married Mrs. Ann Durrett Morris, and
died without children. William married K. C. Yancey, of
Rockingham, and lived on the old home place, which after
his death in 1882 devolved on his sons Thomas and John
William, Tyree removed to Tennessee.

ROGERS.

In 1748 John Rogers, of King William, obtained grants of
four hundred acres on Naked Creek, and of four hundred on
Buck Mountain Creek. At the same time his son George
was granted four hundred acres on Piney Run. John further
patented upwards of six hundred more on Naked Creek in
1761. Neither of them however ever lived in the county.
John died about 1768.

Giles, a son of John, came to the county anterior to 1765.
He purchased the interest of his brother George in 1775. His
home was on the waters of Buck Mountain Creek. He died
in 1794. His wife was Ann, daughter of John Lewis, of
Spotsylvania, and his children Achilles, Parmenas, Ann, the
wife of Robert Davis, IvUcy, the wife of Jonathan Barksdale,
Frances, the wife of Samuel Twyman, and Rachel. Achilles
married his cousin Mary George, lived on Ivy Creek, near
the crossing of the Whitehall Road, and died about 1820.
Parmenas succeeded to the home of his father, was appointed

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 309

a magistrate in 1807, became Sheriff in 1834, and died in 1836.
He was twice married, first to a Miss ^Baber, and secondly
to Elizabeth Ferguson, He had a large family, William,
Joseph, Ralph, James B., George, Parmenas, Permelia, Giles,
Frances, Orville, Catharine, Thomas, Jonathan, Klizabeth,
the wife of Nathan Barksdale, and Ann, James B, was a
physician, lived west of Earlysville, married Margaret,
daughter of David Wood and Mildred Lewis, was the father
of Martha, the wife of her cousin, Dr, Alfred Wood, and Dr.
W, G. Rogers, of Charlottesville, and died in 1863, Frances
is the sole member of this numerous household still living in
Albemarle,

Byrd, another son of John, was for a time a resident of the
county. He was twice married to sisters, Mary and Martha
Trice, and had by the first two sons, John and Philip, and
by the second one, George, He emigrated to Kentucky
about the beginning of the century, and died shortly after.
George accompanied his father to the West. Philip spent
his youth in Albemarle, contracted roving habits, owned an
interest at one time in the Red Sweet Springs, and died
in Louisville, Ky, John, familiarly known in his day as
Farmer John, passed his life on his plantation in the county,
near Keswick Depot, He and his son-in -law, Richard Samp-
son, were regarded as occupying the front rank among the
sagacious and successful planters of the State, About 1820
the Albemarle Agricultural Society awarded to John Rogers
the premium for having the best tilled farm in the county.
He died in 1838, His wife was Susan, daughter of Charles
Goodman, and his children John, Thornton, Mary, the wife
of Richard Sampson, and Janetta, the wife of J. Price Samp-
son. John married Agnes, sister of Stephen Sampson,
succeeded to the homestead, and died in 1841, Thornton
resided at Keswick, a part of his^father's place, on which for
some years he conducted a classical school, and which gave
name to the neighboring Depot. A few years before his
death he entered the Presbyterian ministry. His wife was
Margaret, daughter of Andrew Hart, and his children
Adeline, the wife of Rev. F. h. Cochran, Susan, the wife of

310 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Rev. Joseph Baxter, Dr. A. Hamilton, Oscar, William A.,
Julia, the wife of Keating Nelson, Celia, the wife of Rev.
James M. Wilson, and John. He departed this life in 1834.
In the decade of 1790, a John Rogers, whose wife's name
was Mary, came from Stafford, and bought land in the neigh-
borhood of Earlysville; nothing further is known of him.
Some years later another John Rogers came from Lancaster
County, and lived on the east side of the South West Moun-
tain. To distinguish him from Farmer John, the syllable
Lan. was affixed to his name, while to Farmer John's was
appended the letter M. He died in 1851.

SAMPSON.

Richard Sampson was the descendant of a family that set-
tled in Goochland, in the early part of the eighteenth century.
He became a citizen of Albemarle in 1804. In that year he
purchased from Thomas M. Randolph, trustee of Dr. William
Bache, Benjamin Franklin's grandson, the plantation Frank-
lin, containing six hundred acres. In 1812 he bought from
Francis Gilmer the Pen Park place, containing four hundred.
The latter he sold to John H. Craven in 1819, and the former
to John H. Craven and N. H. I^ewis in 1821. He returned
to Goochland, and resided near Dover Mills until his death
in 1862, at the great age of ninety-two. His wife was Mary,
daughter of John Rogers. Rev. Francis S. Sampson, who
studied at Keswick with his uncle Thornton Rogers, was one
of the early students of the University, and was Professor in
the Union Theological Seminary, was his son.

John Price Sampson, Richard's brother, married Janetta,
another daughter of John Rogers. He lived for some years
on part of the Rogers place near Keswick, and for a time kept
a public house at Everettsville. In 1829 he bought Tufton
from the Jefferson estate, which he sold in 1833 to Thomas
Macon, of New Kent. The next year he purchased Colle
from Kli Alexander. Not long after he removed to the old
Meredith place near New Glasgow, Amherst, where he died
in 1842. His children were Kdward, Thornton, Margaret,
the wife of Micajah Clark, Elizabeth, and the wife of a Man-
taprise.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK 311

Stephen Sampson was a son of Robert, brother of Richard
and Price. He was twice married, first to Ann, daughter of
Reuben lyindsay, and secondly to Sarah, daughter of Joseph
Campbell. His home was on the old Campbell place on
Mechunk, where he died a few years ago.

SCHENK.

Cornelius Schenk was one of the early merchants of Char-
lottesville. Coming to the place soon after the Revolutionary
War, he carried on the business of general merchandising in
partnership with Peter Lott, until the death of IvOtt in 1803.
He was also a partner with Isaac Miller and Daniel Culp in
other enterprises, particularly in establishing a tannery in
the southern part of the town, which in later years was owned
by John Pollock. He first lived not far from Ira Garrett's
old home, but in 1792 bought the lots just west of the Epis-
copal Church, and there resided until his death in 1810. He
purchased from the Woodsons the land north and northwest
of the town, and from the fact that a tributary of Meadow
Creek flowed through it, arose the name of Schenk's Branch,
which remains to this day. For many years he was active
in performing useful public services in town and county, but
for some reason he declined in standing and influence, pecun-
iary troubles overtook him, and all his property was sold
to clear off the liens with which it was encumbered.

His wife was Rebecca Winston, of Hanover, who survived
him a little more than a year, and his children Peter lyOtt,
Eleanor Winston, Mary, John W., and Richard F, Dr. Frank
Carr, whose mother was a Winston, became the guardian of
the younger children. Peter Lott lived on the northwest cor-
ner of Market and Fourth Streets, and owned the square on
which the house stood; and though he died in 1815, his
interest in the property was not finally disposed of, till com-
missioners appointed by Court conveyed it to Dr. Hardin
Massie and John Cochran in 1828. The other members of
the family removed from the county, and all trace of them
seems lost to the memory of the oldest inhabitants.

312 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

SCOTT.

Edward Scott in 1732 obtained a patent for five hundred
and fifty acres "on the north side of the Fluvanna, at a place
called Totier." When the county was organized in 1745,
Samuel Scott gave bond for erecting the public buildings on
the land of his brother Daniel. These were both sons of
Edward, who it is likely was dead at the latter date, as the
County Court, at its first adjournment, appointed its next
meeting to be held on Mrs. Scott's plantation. The same
date John Scott, who is subsequently mentioned as of Cum-
berland County, patented four hundred acres on Totier Creek.
Whether he was also a son of Edward, does not appear, but
the strong probability is that he was. Ann Scott, the wife
of George Nicholas, of Dinwiddie, a brother of Robert Carter
Nicholas, was also a member of this family. Samuel, the
contractor, died in 1801.

In 1764 John Scott purchased seventeen hundred and fifty
acres on Totier from David Meriwether, the patentee. His
wife was Margaret, daughter of Colonel Joshua Fry. He
died in 1798, and his wife in 1811. His children were Ed-
ward, John, Charles Alexander, Daniel and Frances. Daniel
lived on his farm on Green Mountain, and died in 1851. He
never married, and for want of other objects of affection, he
surrounded himself with great numbers of wild geese. His
fascination over these winged coursers of the air was so re-
markable, that in their flights to and fro they made his plan-
tation their stopping place, and some that remained the year
round, he carefully nurtured and jealously protected. John
married Elizabeth, daughter of John Boiling, of North Gar-
den, and died before his father, leaving a son John. This
John inherited the land about Scottsville, and was the
founder of that town in 1818. He married Susan B. Woods,
and his children were Elizabeth, Pocahontas and Mary.

Charles Alexander married Elizabeth, daughter of John
Hudson. He was appointed a magistrate of the county in
1801. His children were Edward, William, Samuel, Charles
A., John, and Martha, the wife of William M. Woods. Ed-
ward settled in Powhatan, and married Elizabeth and Mary,

HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 313

daughters of his cousin John. William married Elizabeth
Powell, of Amherst, and lived in Buckingham. Samuel
became a physician, practised in Albemarle and Amherst,
and recently died near Howardsville at an advanced age.
His wife was Ann, daughter of lyandon Davies, of Amherst,
and his children Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Scott, son of
her uncle William, and I^andon, who married Louisa, daugh-
ter of Dr. Charles D. Everett. Charles A. purchased from
his cousin John the plantation on James River, on the upper
side of Totier, which in 1835 he sold to Dr. John W. Gantt.
He subsequently lived on the farm of his uncle Daniel on

Green Mountain. He was twice married, first to Ann ,

and secondly to Pocahontas, daughter of his cousin John.
His house was burned to the ground by the soldiers of Sheri-
dan in the spring of 1865; and being out on his farm at the
time, and suddenly hearing of the calamity, he fell dead on
the spot. His brother John made his home in Fluvanna.

SHELTON.

Samuel Shelton was settled in the county from the begin-
ning. In 1745 he purchased five hundred and fifty acres of
the twelve hundred acre tract on James River, granted to
Thomas Goolsby in 1732; the endorsement on the convey-
ance of this land made in 1788, expressly mentions the
destruction of the records by the British in 1781. Samuel
Shelton died in 1793. His wife's name was Judith, and his
children were Clough, Joseph, Samuel, David, Elizabeth,
the wife of John Tindall, and the wife of John Lewis, who
lived near Scott's Landing. Clough was a Captain in the
Revolutionary army, and was taken prisoner at the surrender
of Charleston. He died about 1833. His children were
Nelson, Maria, the wife of Robert Anderson, Cicely, the
wife of a Walker, and William A. Samuel in the early part
of the century was engaged in business in Warren. In
partnership with William Walker and John Staples, under
the style of Samuel Shelton & Co., he conducted a large mill
and distillery at that place. In 1810 he purchased from Gov-
ernor W. C. Nicholas the Boiling Spring plantation, which

314 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

he soon after sold to John Patterson, the Governor's son-
in-law. He died in 1826.

A William Shelton, who died in 1789, lived on Mechum's
River, not far from the present Depot. His wife's name was
Elizabeth, and his children were John, Gideon and Thomas.
In 1794 Thomas, his wife Mary, and his mother Elizabeth,
conveyed what seemed to be Thomas's portion of the estate
to Tarleton Woodson, and likely removed from the county.
The relation of this family with others of the name cannot
be ascertained.

In 1749 William Shelton, of St. David's parish. King and
Queen, purchased land on Byrd Creek, in what is now
Fluvanna County. His wife's name was Patience, and he
had a daughter Sarah, who was the wife of Augustine
Shepherd. It is thought he was also the father of Henry
and William. Henry lived in the northeast part of the
county, on the Barboursville Road. He died in 1799. It is
said his wife was a I^ong, a sister of the wife of Thomas
Garth Sr., and his children were Susan, the wife of Thomas
Smith, Ann, the wife of Jacob Powers, who removed to
Harrison County, Kentucky, Jane, the wife of Jeremiah White,
Martha, the wife of Samuel Mansfield, Mourning, the wife of
John White, Ann, the wife of Achilles Barksdale, Thomas
L.: Mildred, William and Austin. Austin settled on
Mechum's River, above the Depot, and died unmarried in
1806. He was succeeded by his brother Thomas L., who
also purchased in 1812 from the trustees of Menan Mills his
mill, and the tract belonging to it, which he bought in 1789
from John Black. Thomas L,. died in 1859. He married
Susan, daughter of James Ballard, and his children were
Martha, the wife of Martin Baker, Stapleton, Austin G.,
Dr. Thomas W., who recently died in Augusta County,
Mary, the wife of David Jeffries, James H., and lyucy, the
wife of George C. Omohundro.

William, son of William, owned land on both sides of
Mechum's, near the Depot. His home was on the north side
of the Staunton Road, on the place now owned by Charles
H, Price. He ■iied in 1815. He was twice married, first to

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 315

Lucy, daughter of Robert Harris, and secondly to Sarah

. His children were William Harris, Mourning, the

wife of Archibald Woods, Elizabeth , the wife of Richard-^'
Mobberyr Dabney, Sarah, Lucy, the wife of Elliott Brown,
Agnes, Weatherston and Thomas. The first three emigrated
to Kentucky. Dabney and Thomas, who sold their part of
the estate in 1817 to Francis McGee, were living at the time
in Augusta County. Weatherston, who married Elizabeth,
daughter of Richard Harrison, sold the same year to Ben-
jamin Hardin the interests of himself and his deceased sis-
ters, Sarah and Agnes, and removed to Mason County,
Virginia.

SIMMS.

William Simms lived in the northeast part of the county,
on the waters of Priddy's Creek and Blue Run. The first
mention of his name occurs in 1779, when he bought land in
that neighborhood from Josiah Bush. He was Captain of a
militia company in the war of the Revolution. He built one
of the first mills on Priddy's Creek, and for many years it
was a noted point in that vicinity. He died in^i797. He
and his wife Agatha had nine daughters and t^w« sons, Mary,
the wife of John During, Elizabeth, the wife of John McCann,
Lucy, the wife of John Dalton, Joanna, the wife of James
Ownsley, Ann, the wife of Samuel Brockman, Nancy, the
wife of Ambrose Brockman, Agatha, the wife of William

Catterton, Frances, the wife of Richard Flint, Rosamoi^»x. ^
the wife of Joseph Williams, Richard and John.^ J*^^ \(s
Simms, who livedit]i_tlie- same section, was probably wL-^.

brother of WilliamJ certainly the guardian of his younger
children. He was twice married, first to Mildred, daughter
of Richard Durrett, and secondly to Lucy, daughter of James
Early. He had two sons, Richard D. and Isaac.

Richard D. married Elizabeth, daughter of David Clarkson,
and his children were Eliza, the wife of Edward Wingfield,
Jane, the wife of Tandy Brockman, Cornelia, the wife of
Rev. Robert Watts, and Lucy Ann, the cvife of James D.
Watts, and William J. His home was near the mouth of
Priddy's Creek, and he died in 1862. Isaac lived in the Buck

316 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Mountain district, and died in 1836. His wife was Nancy
Catterton, and his children Mary, the wife of William Black-
well, Eliza, the wife of Logan Maupin, Permelia, the wife of
Samuel Crawford, of the Valley, Agnes, the wife of John D.
Carr, Julia and Richard D.

John Sims lived in the Buck Mountain neighborhood, and
died in 1798. His wife's name was Mary, and his children
John, Francis, Nathaniel, and a daughter, who was the wife
of Ison Walton.

SMITH.

Joseph Smith in 1734 joined with Edwin Hickman,
Thomas Graves, and Jonathan Clark in entering thirty-two
hundred and seventy -seven acres on the north side of the
Rivanna, where it is crossed by the South West Mountain.
In the partition of the tract, the portion of Smith coincided
with the Pantops plantation. He devised it to his sons,
John, Larkin, Philip and Thomas. In the interval from
1746 to 1765, they sold their shares, and eventually they all
came into the possession of Mr. Jefferson. What became of
the brothers, is not known. It is probable Earkin died in
the county in 1763, and Earkin Smith, doubtless a son of
his, or of one of his brothers, was a Captain in the Fourth
Dragoons in the Revolutionary army.

About 1766, William, John and Charles Smith, of Han-
over, purchased land on the head waters of Mechum's and
Rockfish. They were probably brothers. Charles settled
on Taylor's Creek, and William and John on Whitesides,
where they both bought from Mqrans, William from Nich-
olas, and John from John Moran. Charles died in 1771,
William in 1801, and John in 1808. The name of John's
wife was Elizabeth, and his children were Thomas, William,
Mary, the wife of Francis Montgomery, Nancy, the wife of
David Burgher, Joel, Martha, Elizabeth, the wife of Robert
Page, and Charles. Joel married Martha, daughter of
Charles Patrick, and his children were Mary, the wife of
John Massie, John P., Elizabeth, the wife of John Wallace,
Harriet and Thomas J. All this family except Mrs. Wal-
lace and her husl)and, removed to Kentucky. Charles lived

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 317

at the foot of Armor's Mountain on the border of Nelson,
and died in 1842. His wife was Mary Bailey, and his chil-
dren William, Joel, Robert P., Frances and Jane.

In 1769 Thomas Smith purchased a part of the Chiswell
patent on the head waters of Mechum's. He died in 1783.
His children were Thomas, John, Ann, the wife of William
Grayson, Sarah, the wife of Nathan Crawford, Lawrence,
Mary, the wife of (David ?) Buster, Susan, and another
daughter (Ursula?), the wife of a Ray. His son Thomas
died in 1791. His wife's name was Susan, and his children
were Nancy, the wife of James Lobban, Boiling, who re-
moved to Lincoln County, Missouri, Klizabeth, the wife of
Nicholas Merritt, Mary, Martha andSebanah. The children
of Nicholas and Elizabeth Merritt were Rhoda, the wife of
Thomas Grayson, Thomas, Susan, the wife of Robert
Haislip, Sarah, the wife of Andrew Black, Markwood,
Rosanna, the wife of James Black, James and Retta, the wife
of Jeremiah Dollins.

SOUTH ALL.

Valentine Wood So'uthall, during a long and busy
career, was one of the most prominent men of the county.
He was the son of Stephen Southall and Martha Wood, and
the grandson of Valentine Wood and Lucy Henry, a sister
of the renowned orator. In early life he was engaged in busi-
ness in Washington City, but afterwards studied law, and
was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1813. By his
thoroughness and impressive elocution he soon attained a
place in the front rank of the profession. In 1829 he was
appointed Commonwealth's Attorney, and held the office till
it became elective under the Constitution of 1850. He was
a member of the Convention that formed that Constitution,
and also of that of 1861, acting as the President of the latter
during the sickness of its presiding officer. Though devoted
to his legal duties, he took an active part in politics, and for
a number of terms was a member of the House of Delegates,
and also its Speaker. He died suddenly in the latter part
of 1861. He was twice married, first to Mary, the daughter
of Alexander Garrett, and secondly to Martha, daughter of

318 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

James P. Cocke. The home of his early married life was on
the northwest corner of Hio^h and Fourth Streets, the present
residence of Dr. W. G. Rogers, but about 1829 he removed to
the brick mansion near the corner of Jefferson and Second,

which he bum.^^^ , }L SOW.L.. i^^ii^'V-^/Ttfe/.

Thomas Sowell made one of the earliest entries of land
within the bounds of Albemarle. In 1734 he obtained a grant
of five hundred and fifty acres west of the southern end of
Carter's Mountain, His name still distinguishes Sowell's
Branch, a stream which passes through the land into the
north fork of Hardware. He died in 1763. His wife's name
was Martha, and his children were John, William, .Joseph
and Thomas. Thomas died unmarried three years after his
father. The name of John's wife was also Martha, and his
children were Thomas, Benjamin, Edmund, Elijah, EHsha,
and Keziah, the wife of William Perry. Elisha Sowell mar-Q>^^5j^
ried Elizabeth Gilliam in 1808. In 1834 Lewis and Nimrod,
sons of one of the brothers above mentioned, purchased from
William Garland the lot on University Street east of R. F.
Harris's Warehouse, where for many years they conducted
the wheelwright business. Eewis married Mary Ann, daugh-
ter of William Dunkum, and his children were William, Mary,
the wife of Albert Gentry, and Benjamin. Pleasant, another
descendant of the family, married Sarah, daughter of Edward
Garland.

STAPLES.

Thomas Staples during 1783 and the next year took out
patents for more than eight hundred acres on Hudson and
Totier Creeks, and for one hundred and fifty in North Gar-
den. He purchased more than four hundred more on Totier.
Before the close of the century he sold most of this land to
Samuel Dyer, much of it lying contiguous to Glendower. It
is believed his wife was Ellinda, daughter of Castleton Har-
per, and his children Thomas, Beverly, and Sarah, the wife
of Littlebury Moon. Thomas was for years a leading mer-
chant in Scottsville, and died in 1868. His wife was Ann,
daughter of William Tompkins, and his children Sarah, the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 319

wife of D. p. Powers, Martha, the wife of John S. Martin,

Olivia, the wife of Spencer, Phaniel, the wife of W. D,

Davis, Susan, Catharine, Marietta, Silas, William T,, and
John. Beverly died in 1865. He married Judith White, and
his children were William G., Elmira, Maria, the wife of

Chambers, Ann, the wife of John Tyler, Minerva, the

wife of Alfred Flippin, Addison, and Emily, the wife of Mad-
ison Porter.

STEVENSON.

Andrew Stevenson, born in Culpeper in 1785, was the son
of Rev. James Stevenson, rector of St. Mark's, Culpeper, and
St. George's, Fredericksburg, and his wife, Frances A. I^it-
tlepage. He was a lawyer by profession, member of Con-
gress, Minister to England, and Rector of the University of
Virginia. In 1816 he married Sarah, daughter of John Coles.
The next year he purchased upwards of seven hundred acres
on Totier Creek from William Watkins, a descendant of Wil-
liam Battersby, one of the original lawyers of the county. A
stream passing through the place wert for many years by the
name of Stevenson's Creek. This plantation he sold to
Tucker Coles in 1833, and in 1836 he bought Blenheim, the
old seat of the Carters, which he made his home till his death
in 1857. He was buried in the Coles cemetery at Enniscor-
tliy. He married a second time, and his widow after his
death resided in Washington City. His son, John W., was
admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1834, settled in Covington,
Ky., was elected Governor of that State in 1867, and repre-
sented it in the United States Senate in 1871.

STOCKTON,

Among the earliest settlers in the western part of the county,
who came as is said under the leadership of Michael Woods,
was a family named Stockton. Though their name has
entirely disappeared, they have in a number of ways left their
mark behind. They consisted of several branches. They
erected perhaps the first mill in that section of the county.
The north fork of Mechum's River still bears the name of
Stockton's Creek, the south fork in early times was called
Stockton's Mill Creek, and the first name by which Israel's

320 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Gap was known was Stockton's Thoroughfare. The famous
abbreviation of D. S. is also ascribed to the head of the fam-
ily. One story recites that Michael Woods and Davis Stock-
ton landed at Williamsburg, and came to the wilds of
Goochland together, that arriving at D. S., they advanced in
different directions, Woods continuing straight forward to
Woods's Gap, and Stockton bearing to the left along the foot
of the mountain towards Batesville, and that as a memorial
of the place where they separated, Stockton carved his initials
on a tree. While their landing on the eastern shores of Vir-
ginia is contrary to all the best established traditions, there
may be truth in the rest of the narration. Both were patent-
ees of land, and they may hav^e gone from the foot of the
Ridge to Williamsburg on business ; on their return, the sep-
aration would naturally have taken place at the point men-
tioned, as Woods's home lay at the mouth of Woods's Gap,
and the Stocktons were settled along Mechum's River, the
south fork as well as the north.

As already intimated, the head of the family was Davis
Stockton. His first entry of four hundred acres on Ivy
Creek was made in 1739, and in 1741 he patented eight hun-
dred more on both forks of Mechum's. Altogether the fam-
ily connection obtained grants of nearly four thousand acres
in that section. Davis died in 1760. His widow Martha
seems afterwards to have been married to Samuel Arnold,
who lived on Ivy Creek. Davis's children were Richard,
Samuel, William and Thomas. Samuel and William had a
mill on the south fork of Mechum's, not far from Batesville,
the same no doubt their father built, which in 1767 they sold
to James Garland. Prior to 1780 Samuel emigrated to
Rutherford County, North Carolina, and was probably ac-
companied by William. Richard lived in the fork of Me-
chum's, near the old Black place; in fact, that place was a
part of his land, he and his wife Agnes having sold four
hundred acres to Rev. Samuel Black in 1751. He died in
1775, leaving five sons, Richard, Thomas, John, Robert and
Davis. The name of John appears among the subscribers
to the Albemarle Declaration of Independence, made in 1779.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 321

Previous to 1791 Richard and Robert removed to Henry
County. Richard became Clerk of the Strawberry Baptist
Association, and Robert entered the Baptist ministry, and
subsequently went to Kentucky, where he died about 1837.
Thomas, probably the son of Davis, died in 1783. He and
his wife Rachel had six sons and two daughters, some of
whom were still in the county as late as 1805.

In later years John N, C. Stockton came to the county
from Pennsylvania. He was a proprietor of the Stage lines
running in Virginia, and made Charlottesville his headquar-
ters. He became a large landholder in the neighborhood.
In 1830 he purchased from Andrew I^eitch the old Stage lot
on the corner of Market and Seventh Streets, in 1832 Carrs-
brook from Alexander Garrett, as executor of Dabney Minor,
and in 1835 Retreat from Jonathan B. Carr. He was also
the owner of Camp Holly, on the Barboursville Road. He
married Emily Bernard, a niece of William D. Fitch. In 1837
he came to an untimely end, by drowning in Mobile Bay.
William P. Farish became the administrator of his estate,
and ultimately one of his successors in the ownership of the
Stage lines. William Stockton, brother of John N. C, mar-
ried Sarah, daughter of Gideon Strange and Mildred Magru-
der, and emigrated to Florida.

SUDDARTH.

William and James Suddarth were early settlers in the
county. They were undoubtedly brothers. They and their
descendants were located on the south fork of Hardware,
between the Cross Roads and Covesville. Previous to 1750,
William bought from Abraham Venable three hundred acres
of a tract of fifteen hundred which Venable had patented in
1735 in that vicinity. In the year first named, William
exchanged two hundred acres with James, for the same quan-
tity which James had purchased from the same tract. Wil-
liam seems to have died before 1768, as at that time Lawrence
Suddarth, apparently his son and representative, conveyed to
James the other hundred acres of William's purchase from
Venable. Lawrence was a resident of Amherst, but subse-
—21

322 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

quently settled in Albemarle, on Green Creek. His wife's
name was Martha, and he died in 1815.

James died in 1800, and left at least three children, Wil-
liam, James, and Mildred, the wife of John Turner. These
brothers lived near where the present lyynchburg Road
crosses the south fork of Hardware, a mill known as Sud-
darth's Mill having conspicuously marked that locality for
many years. In 1830 William was assessed with more than
thirteen hundred acres of land. He died in 1832. It is said
his wife was Martha Sumter, and his children were William
H., James, Sarah, the wife of^Robert Porterfield, Martha, the
wife of Richard I^ittleford, Richard P., who married Martha
Morris, and whose daughter Sarah was the wife of Henry
Darrow, Nancy, the wife of George Paris, Elizabeth, the
wife of John W. Dettor, and Mildred, the wife of William
Page. His brother James married Jane, daughter of John
Randolph. He died about 1850, and his children were
James, Randolph, William T., Mary, the wife of David
Hicks, Patience, the wife of Rice Oaks, Thomas, John and
Benjamin.

SUMTER.

The first mention of the Sumter name occurs in 1763,
when William Sumter bought from Thomas Land one hun-
dred acres on Priddy's Creek, which had been patented in
1739 by Major John Henry, the orator's father, and which
Land had purchased from his son, William Henry. Sumter's
next purchase was made in 1770 on the north fork of the
Rivanna, at the south end of Piney Mountain. This land
was conveyed by John Poindexter, who obtained the grant
of it in 1738, and from whom the mountain was originally
called Poindexter's Mountain, and the creek running through
it (no doubt Herring's Creek at present) , Poindexter's Creek.
William Sumter continued his purchases, till he owned
between six and seven hundred acres. In 1776 he and his
wife Judith sold off all his property. One of the sales was
made to John Sumter, probably a brother, and the land John
then bought he and his wife Catharine conveyed in 1779 to
Charles Bush. In all probability they sold to go elsewhere.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 323

No intimation appears as to the place of their removal ; but
as their kinsman, General Thomas Sumter, had already
attained a distinguished name, it is almost certain they emi-
grated to South Carolina, the theatre of his gallant achieve-
ments.

A well founded tradition exists, that General Sumter was
born in Albemarle, and in the section referred to as the home
of William and John. It rests particularly on the testimony
of Dr. Charles Brown, who was born just after the Revolution.
The Doctor was familiarly acquainted with a sister of the
General, Mrs. Martha Suddarth, the wife of William Sud-
darth, who lived and died in the county. Mrs. Suddarth
was well know in her day throughout the community, because
of her intelligence and skill as a nurse. Mr. Jefferson, in one
of his letters to his daughter, Mrs. Eppes, when in declining
health, recommended her to seek the advice of Mrs. Sud-
darth, as one whose experience and judgment were worthy of
the highest regard. It may be that she and her eminent
brother were children of one of the couples mentioned above.

SUTHERLAND.

In 1774 Joseph Sutherland bought from Gamaliel Bailey
nearly three hundred acres a short distance east of the Miller
School. This place he sold three years after to Thomas
Harlow, and purchased in the South Garden, near the gorge
of the south fork of Hardware. He died in 1801. His first
wife's name was Judith, and he married again Elizabeth,
daughter of William Grayson. His children were Joseph,
and Susan, the wife of Christopher Myers. Joseph married
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Garland, and in 1817 bought
from him part of the old James Garland place about
two miles southwest of the Cross Roads, which in those days
went by the name of the Head of the Creek Plantation. He
died in 1818, leaving four sons, Clifton G., Joseph, William
and Edward. Clifton married Mary Ammonett, lived at the
Cross Roads, had a large family, and died in 1868. Joseph
in 1837 purchased from Dr. John W. Gantt the place adjoin-
ing the Cross Roads on the southwest, where he lived until

324 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

his death in 1866. His wife was Elizabeth, -daughter of
Richard G. Anderson. William married I^ucy, daughter of
Roland H. Bates, and lived on the Head of the Creek Planta-
tion, where he recentlj' departed this life. Edward lived on the
Batesville Road, west of the Cross Roads. He married Ann
Shepherd, who after his death became the wife of John P
Mann.

TAYLOR.

William Taylor in 1737 obtained a grant of twelve hundred
acres on Moore's Creek, which is believed to include the land
whereon Charlottesville is situated. He also patented the
same quantity on the north fork of Hardware in 1741. It
must have been a part of this tract, nearly eight hundred
acres, which James Taylor, most probably a son, sold to
James Buchanan in 1765. The same year James sold to
James Buchanan part of a patent of his own, which was lo-
cated on Hardware and Murphy's Run in 1750, and on which
he was then living. Nothing further is known of these per-
sons, except that Nancy, a daughter of James, was the wife
of John Eaves.

During 1760 and some years after, Benjamin Taylor be-
came the owner by patent and purchase of more than seven
hundred acres on Broadaxe Creek and Mechum's River.
Part of this land he sold in 1772 to Micajah Chiles. He died
in 1809. His wife's name was Mary, and he had three sons,
Fleming, Winston and Benjamin. In 1811 the widow, being
about to remove to Georgia, appointed George M. Woods
her attorney, to transact any of her unfinished business.
Her sons may possibly have preceded her to that State ; but
though none of the family remain, they have left behind a
memorial of their name in the passage through the mountain
near their old place, which is still known as Taylor's Gap.

At a much later period, J. C. R. Taylor came to the county
from Jefferson. He married Martha J., daughter of Colonel
T. J. Randolph, and resided at Lego. He died in 1875.

TERRELL.

In 1734 Joel Terrell, of Hanover, and his brother-in-law,
David Lewis, patented three thousand acres north and west

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 325

of what is now called Lewis's Mountain, sixteen hundred
belonging to Joel. He died about 1758, devising the land to
his sons, William and Joel, though all eventually came into
the possession of Joel. Joel became a dealer in real estate
in many parts of the county, and owned considerable prop-
erty in and around Charlottesville. His home was in town,
on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets, where the City
Hall now stands, and where he resided till his death in 1773.
He married his cousin Ann, daughter of David Lewis.
After his decease she became the wife of Stephen Willis >
and removed to Rutherford County, North Carolina, where
she died at the great age of more than a hundred years. Her
husband's large estate was sold off in subsequent years by
his executors, herself, William Terrell, and James Kerr.

Henry Terrell, of Caroline, in 1737 entered seventeen hun-
dred and fifty acres on the south fork of Mechum's and
Whitesides Creek, including the site of Batesville. He died
prior to 1764. The land descended to his sons, Henry and
Thomas. In the year last named, Henry, who lived in Caro-
line, sold to Solomon Israel twenty acres near Stockton's
Thoroughfare, which in time took the name of the new pur-
chaser as Israel's Gap. The next year he closed out the
remainder of his share to John Jones, of Louisa. Thomas
and his wife Rebecca sold his share in 1768 to Reuben Ter-
rell, of Orange. In 1770 Robert Terrell, of Orange, bought
from Thomas McCulloch upwards of three hundred acres in
the same vicinity, which in 1783 he and his wife Mary Lacy
sold to Marshall Durrett. Reuben died in 1776. His wife's
name was Mildred, and his children were Mary, the wife of
John Wood, son of Isaac, and John. His widow became
the wife of Jesse Wood, to whom the step -son sold the
larger part of his father's land. John Terrell married Lucy,
daughter of David Burgher, and died without children in
1857. By his will he manumitted his negroes, and directed
his executors, Reuben Wood, his nephew (to whom he
devised his land), and John B. Spiece, to send them to
Liberia.

John Terrell, who it is believed was a brother of Reuben

326 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

and Robert, and a son of Edmund Terrell and Margaret
Willis, purchased in 1799 from Robert Carter more than
twelve hundred acres in the Biscuit Run Valley. In the
first years of the century, Terrell's Shop was a familiar
waymark on the road from Charlottesville to Carter's Bridge.
He and his wife Rebecca sold his property in Albemarle,
and about 1806 removed to Greenup County, Kentucky. His
mother died in 1812, and his sisters were Nancy, the wife of
Thomas Henderson, Jane, the wife of Joseph Bishop, Fran-
ces, the wife of Charles C. Lacy, and Lucy.

Chiles Terrell lived at Music Hall, on the east side of the
South West Mountain. In 1783 he married Margaret Doug-
lass, the widow of Nicholas Meriwether. During the war of
the Revolution, he was regarded as leaning strongly to the
Tory side. In 1777 the County Court refused to allow a
deed to him from David Meriwether to go to record, because
of their suspicion that he had not taken the oath of allegiance
to the States, He was the acting executor of Micajah Chiles.
His son, James Hunter Terrell, who succeeded him at Music
Hall, married Susan Vibert, and died in 1856.

The family of Captain William Terrell, of Louisa, resided
in Albemarle. In 1825 his widow, Martha, purchased from
Dr. Frank Carr Hors de Ville, the place near the Chesapeake
and Ohio Depot now occupied by James D. Goodman. She
died in 1830. Her children were Richmond, the father of
Mis. William W. Minor, Eleanor, Rebecca, Nancy, Emily,
the wife of Daniel F. Carr, Lucy, Mary, Martha, the wife of
Samuel H. Royall, Dorothy and Malvina. These ladies,
because of their eminent culture and accomplishments, were
known in the community as the Nine Muses.

Joel Terrell, who was the son of Christopher, came to the
county about 1828. In that year he bought from Dabney
Minor's executor a part of the Carrsbrook estate, where he
lived until his death in 1851. He married Lucy Marshall, a
sister of the wives of Nimrod Bramham and John R. Jones.
His children were Sarah, the wife of Nathan C. Goodman,
Agnes, the wife of Charles Wright, Eliza, the wife of Sta-
pleton C. Shelton, Mary, the third wife of Fontaine D.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 327

Brockman, Albert, George, I^ucy, Almira, Clementina, the
wife of Nelson Elsom, Virginia, the wife of Peter V. Phillips,
Harriet, and Hardenia, the wife of William Beck.

THOMAS.

Michael Thomas in 1745 and 1748 patented six hundred
acres on Hog Creek and Rockfish River. He seems however
to have resided on James River. At the resumption of the
records in 1783, he was active as a magistrate of the county,
and was appointed Sheriff in 1789. He was greatly harrassed
by suits brought against him as incumbent of that office,
owing to the maladministration of his deputies, Edward
Moore and Menan Mills. Perhaps these annoyances incited
the old gentleman to seek the balmy consolations of matri-
mony a second time. At all events he entered into those
bonds with' Elizabeth Staton in 1792 ; and in writing to the
Clerk for a license, he stated that he was unable to visit the
county seat himself, but sent his son Ralph, and his grand-
son John Carroll, to act in his behalf. He died in 1802. His
children appear to have been Michael, Joseph, Jesse, Ralph,
Edward, James, and a daughter, who was the wife of a Car-
roll. The future of the family is unknown, except that
Joseph died in 1797, and Michael in 1826.

John Thomas came to the county from Amherst. He was
twice married, first to Frances, daughter of the elder John
Henderson, and secondly to Frances, daughter of Charles
Lewis Jr., of Buck Island. He lived for a time on a tract of
land which he received from his second father-in-law on Ivy
Creek, and which he sold in 1788 to Robert Draffen, and
afterwards on the land of his son Charles L,. Thomas near
Red Hill. He died in 1847. His children by the first mar-
riage were Warner, Norborne K., James, Elizabeth, the wife
of a Wood, and lyucy, the wife of James Lewis ; those by
the second were Charles L., John L., Virginia, and Mar-
garet, the wife first of Julius Clarkson, and secondly of
Robert Cashmere. In the early part of the century, Warner,
Norborne and John ly. did business in Richmond as commis-
sion merchants, under the firm of N. K. Thomas & Co.

328 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

About 1815 they purchased the Cole land on the north side •
of Tom's Mountain, a thousand and twenty-eight acres; '
three hundred they sold to Stephen Moore, and the remain-
der was assigned to John h. Thomas, when he retired from
the firm in 1818.

By the will of his uncle Isham Lewis, who died in 1790,
Charles L. Thomas became the owner of more than eighteen
hundred acres on the north fork of Hardware, where Red
Hill Depot now stands. His home was where the family of
John B. Townley now reside. Before his death in 1815, he
leased the eastern part of the place to his brother John L,.
during the lives of his parents, for their support, and that
of his sisters. His wife was Margaret, the youngest daugh-
ter of Nicholas Lewis, of the Farm, and his children were
Mary Walker, the wife of Alexander Clayton, Nicholas L.,
Charles, Robert Warner, Frances Elizabeth, the wife first of
Dr. Charles H. Meriwether, and secondly of James Hart>
and John J. The western part of the place was divided
among the children, who in 1830, and some years following,
sold their portions, and emigrated to Montgomery County,
Tennessee. John L,. passed his life on the place leased him
by his brother. He was appointed a magistrate in 1838, and
died unmarried in 1846.

THOMPSON.

Joseph Thompson was one of the original magistrates of
the county, and its first Sheriff. He resided in the bounds
of Fluvanna, not far from Palmyra. He died in 1765. His
wife's name was Sarah, and his children were Roger,
George, Leonard, John, and Frances, the wife of a Woodson.
The family was well represented in the Revolutionary army.
Roger was a Captain in the Second Virginia, and John, First
Lieutenant in the Seventh, while George and Leonard were
Lieutenants in the State militia. In 1737 Roger Thompson
Jr., patented nearly three hundred acres on Foster's Creek in
the Stony Point neighborhood ; it is probable he was the
same as Captain Roger. The same year John Thompson
entered more than five hundred acres on the south fork of the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK 329

-Rivanna, and in 1759 one hundred and twenty more a short
distance above on Moorman's. It is believed he was the
brother of Roger, and the father, or more likely the grand-
father, of Roger and Nathaniel, who lived on or near the
land which he entered. The last mentioned Roger died in

1838. He married and his children were William,

Nicholas, Nathaniel, Mary, the wife of Richard Franklin,
Elizabeth, the wife of a Ballard, Sarah, the wife of Samuel
Ward, and Susan, the wife of William Ward, His son
Nathaniel married Temperance, daughter of William Cren-
shaw, gave the land on which Wesley Chapel was built, and
died about 1835. Nathaniel Sr. married Lucy, daughter of
Bernard Brown, and died in 1874. His children were
Edmund I., who died in 1868, Bernard, and Mary, the wife
of James E. Chapman.

In 1766 Waddy Thompson, of Louisa, came to the county,
and married Mary, daughter of Robert Lewis, and widow of
Samuel Cobb. He had previously married Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Nelson Anderson, of Hanove^. His children by the
first marriage were Nelson, Anderson, David, who removed
to Woodford County, Kentucky, Waddy, who removed to
Rockingham, Susan, the second wife of David Rodes, and
afterwards of James Kerr, and Lucy. Nelson received from
his father two hundred and fifty acres southwest of Still House
Mountain, which he sold in 1794 to Thomas Garth Sr. He
then bought on Beaverdam of Hardware, where he died in
1798. The children by the second marriage were Ann, the wife
first of John Slaughter, and secondly of Philip Grafton, Mary,
the wife of James Poindexter, Susan, the wife of Jesse Daven-
port, Mildred, the wife of James Scott, and Judith, the wife
of William Poindexter. John Slaughter was Surveyor of the
county, and died in 1797. His children were Mary L.,
Waddy T., and Robert L. Waddy T. married Frances
Ballard, and in 1823 was living in New York, where he was
Postmaster, and owner of the tanyard, the most lasting
monument of the place, which he bought from Nathaniel-
Landcraft, and sold to James Lobban. Waddy Thomson
died in 1801, and his wife in 1813. All their children appear

330 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

to have removed from the county except Susan and her hus-
band. For a time he kept the Swan Tavern. He died in
1822, and she in 1847.

THURMAN.

The names of Thurman and Thurmond in the early records
were interchangeable. John Thurman began to purchase
land on Cove Creek in 1761. William on Green Creek in 1774,
and Richard and Philip on Buck Mountain Creek and Doyle's
River in 1776. Those of the name in the Buck Mountain
region, seem to have disposed of their property, and removed
from the county about 1790.

Previous to the latter date Benjamin Thurman was settled
on the west side of the South West Mountain, near Ham-
mock's Gap, which is now generally called after this family
Thurman's Gap. Benjamin married Nancy, daughter of
Gideon Carr, and his children were Kendall C, Susan, the
wife of John Rothwell, Sarah, the wife of Austin Sandridge,
Mary, the wife of John Gentry, Ann, the wife of Micajah W.
Carr, Klisha and L,ucy. Kendall married Ann Royster, of
Goochland, sold his land to his brother Elisha, and in 1827
emigrated to west Tennessee. He was the father of Edward
Thurman, Janetta, the wife of David Hancock, and Catharine,
the wife of Dr. Charles Hancock. Elisha married Mary
Dickerson, and his children were Kendall D. , William, Ann,
the wife of James Wheeler, Mary, the wife of John Carr,
Thomas L<indsay, Caroline, the wife of William H. Peyton,
Benjamin and Theodore.

TIMBERLAKE.

John Timljerlake was the first clerk of Kluvanna County.
He died in 1820, at the age of eighty-nine. His sons. Walker,
John and Horace, lived in Albemarle. Walker was a Meth-
odist minister, and withal an active man of business. He
resided for a time at Glenmore, and subsequently at Bellair,
below Carter's Bridge. He died in 1864. His children were
Gideon, Clark, John W., William, Ann, the wife of B. C.
Klannagan, Elizabeth, the wife of John H. Timberlake,

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 331

Sarah, the wife of H. H. Gary, Mary, the wife of Abraham
Shepherd, and Christiana. Gideon, who lived on the east
side of Dudley's Mountain where it abuts on the north fork of
Hardware, and Clark married respectively L,ucy and Letitia,
daughters of Nathan C. Goodman. John was admitted to
the Albemarle bar in 1812, and was associated with James
and John B. Magruder in the purchase of the Shadwell Mills,
and a large tract of timber land in the Buck Island section.
He died in 1862. His wife was Sarah, daughter of John B.
Magruder, and his children were Wilhelmina, Edward J.,
Ann, the wife of Dr. John C. Hughes, and Henry. Horace
had two sons, John H. and Horace. John H. was appointed
a magistrate of the county, lived at Greenwood Depot and
Brownsville, built at the former place a large edifice in which
Rev. William Dinwiddie conducted a flourishing school be-
fore the war, and died in 1881. His wife was his cousin
Elizabeth, daughter of Walker, and his children were Vir-
gilia, the wife of Rev. Paul Whitehead, John H., who was
killed in 1876 by a fall from his horse above Mechum's
Depot, and James W., who married Sarah Patrick, and lives
on the old Patrick place west of Batesville. Horace lived in
the Buck Island neighborhood.

A brother of the first John Timberlake was Lewis, one of
whose daughters was the wife of Warner Minor, an original
hotel keeper at the University. Another daughter, Louisa,
while visiting in her sister's family, became the wife of Wil-
liam Wertenbaker.

Another brother of the first John was James, a purser in
the United States Navy. He married Peggy O'Neal, daugh-
ter of an Irish hotel keeper in Washington City, a woman of
great beauty and brilliant natural gifts. After Timberlake's
death, she became the wife of John H. Eaton, General Jack-
son's Secretary of War, and by her elevation to the cabinet
circle occasioned such violent social disturbances as even-
tually produced the disruption of that body.

TOMPKINS.

Giles Tompkins was the first of the name that appeared in
the county. He purchased land on Totier Creek in 1765.

332 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

He died in 1795, leaving at least three children, William, KHz-
abeth and Sarah. William lived in the same neighborhood
on an estate called Whitehall. He died in 1824. His wife's
name was Elizabeth, and his children were John, William,
Elizabeth, the wife of Peter White, Catharine, the wife of
James Minor, Samuel W. , Ann, the wife of Thomas Staples,
Edmund, Robert and James. Samuel was a physician, and
practised in the vicinity of Earlysville, and afterwards near
Scottsville. He married Sarah, daughter of George Gilmer,
and his children were Elizabeth, the wife of J. Schuyler Moon,
Jane, George, Junius, Samuel, Martha, Charles, Lucy and
Catharine. James married Sarah , daughter of Dabney Minor,
and his children were William D., James E-, and EHza, the
wife of John I,. Coleman. William D. and James E. were for
many years well known commission merchants in Richmond.
James E. married Frances, daughter of JohnH. Coleman.

TOOLEY.

In 1741 James Tooley obtained a patent for four hundred
acres on Totier Creek, and two years later John took out one
for two hundred and fifty in the same vicinity. They were
most probably brothers. John died in 1750, and James in
1781. The name of James's wife was Judith, ana his chil-
dren were John, James, Sarah, the wife of Edmund New,
Ann, the wife of John Martin, Charles, William, Arthur,
Elizabeth, Mary, the wife of John Gilliam, and Judith, the
wife of Archelaus Gilliam. William died about 1830. His
children were Mary, William, John, Charles, Nancy, Eliza-
beth, the wife of James Gentry, and Arthur. In 1815 John,
the son of William, married Mary Gilmore, and his children
were James and Joshua. The most of this family seem ta
have removed to Monroe County, Kentucky. Totier was
sometimes called Tooley's Creek, and it is so designated on
some of the maps of Virginia. At the beginning of the cen-
tury, an eminence on the old Irish Road, where it was
intersected by a road from Cocke's Mill, went by the name
of Toolev's Hill.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 333

TURNER.

Terisha Turner was granted one hundred and thirty-six
acres on the south branches of Hardware in 1760, and this
tract he and his wife Sarah sold to Peter Cheatham in 1777.
At that time he was described as a citizen of Amherst. He
was also the owner of several hundred acres on Green Creek,
which in 1790 he sold for the most part to Benjamin Harris.

In 1788 Charles Turner bought from Solomon Ballou nearly
two hundred acres lying to the northwest of Ivy Depot. He
died in 1789. His wife's name was Mary Ann, and his
children were Robert, George, Reuben, William, Matthew,
Keziah, Mary and Judith. George in 1791 married Ann,
daughter of Gabriel and Ann Maupin. A number of the
children in 1815 sold their land to Charles Harper, and re-
moved to Pendleton County, Kentucky. The small moun-
tain at the foot of which their land lay is still known as
Turner's Mountain.

James Turner, described as belonging to Amherst, was a
considerable land owner on the lower Hardware. His wife
was Rebecca, daughter of William Hamner. He sold his
property in the county before the end of the last century,
part to Samuel Dyer, and much the larger part to Pleasant
Dawson.

TWYMAN.

George and William Twyman, in all likelihood brothers,
were citizens of Culpeper. George began to purchase land
in Albemarle on the Buck Mountain Road near Earlysville
in 1765. In 1791 and 1804 he divided nearly six hundred
acres between his sons, George and Joseph. He died in
1822, at the age of eighty-nine. His wife's name was Mary,
and his children were George, Joseph, Samuel, Sarah, the
wife of a Sanford, William, Abraham, Elizabeth, the wife of
William J. Wood, Agatha, the wife of Robert Dearing, Ruth,
the wife of David Watts, and James. A number of this family
removed to Kentucky, and as none of them bearing the name
now reside in the county, it is probable they all emigrated to
the West.

William in 1770 bought more than five hundred acres on

334 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

the head waters of Mechum's, which he sold in 1778 to Wil-
liam Wood and Francis Weathered. In 1771 he purchased
from Jacob Snead three hundred acres on Ivy Creek, at the
crossing of the Whitehall Road. This place he sold two
years after to George Wayt. From the fact that the eldest
son of Wayt was named Twyman, his wife was no doubt a
daughter of William. William Twyman, whose wife's name
was Winifred, appears never to have lived in Albemarle.

WADDELL.

Rev. James Waddell, the blind preacher, resided on the
borders of Albemarle and lyouisa, the latter part of his life.
His first home in Virginia was in lyancaster County, where
he married Mary, daughter of James Gordon. To avoid the
troubles incident to the exposed state of that part of the coun-
try during the Revolution, he removed to Augusta County,
where he took charge of the Tinkling Spring Church, and
where he purchased from James P. Cocke, Springhill, the old
Patton place. When the war ended, he fixed his residence
on his place called Hopewell, about a mile southwest of Gor-
donsville. There he died in 1805, and there his remains lay
till 1871, when by the permission of friends they were trans-
ferred to the yard of the Presbyterian Church at Rapidan,
which was called by his name. His children were Nathaniel,
James G., Elizabeth, the wife of Rev. William Calhoun,
Janetta, the wife of Dr. Archibald Alexander, Ann, Dr. Addi-
son, Sarah and lyittleton. James G. became a member of
the Albemarle bar in 1800, but for the most of his life pursued
the calling of a teacher. He married first Mary T., daughter
of Reuben Lindsay, and secondly his cousin lyucy, daughter
of John Gordon. His home was at Springhill, on the west
side of the Gordonsville Road opposite the residence of his
father. In 1823 he sold his place to William T. Davis, and
removed to Waynesboro. The most of the family became
residents of the Valley.

WALKER.

Thomas Walker was born in King and Queen in 1715,
was a student of William and Mary, and about 1741 married

/'

/^ HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE , V'^'XZ 335

Mildred, the widow of Nicholas Meriwether/ Through her
he came into the possession of Castle Hill. By profession
he was a physician, but possessed too bold and energetic a
nature to be contented with the ordinary routine of a country
doctor. In his younger years he occupied with signal
efficiency a number of public positions. It is believed that
notwithstanding the claims in behalf of Finley and Daniel
Boone, he led the first expedition that ever traversed the
mountains, and stood upon the famous hunting grounds of
Kentucky. In 1748, and again in 1750, he visited Southwest
Virginia and Kentucky, and to this day has left his memo-
rial in the former region, in the names of Walker's Mfiuntain
and Walker's Creek on the confines of Giles and Pulaski
Counties, and in the latter, in the name of Cumberland
which he gave to the mountains, gap and river so called,
in commemoration of the Duke of Cumberland, who had
recently crushed the rebellion of 1745 on the field of Cullo-
den. He was Commissary of the Virginia troops under
Braddock, and was at that general's defeat in 1755. More
than once he was appointed to treat with the Indians in
New York and Pennsylvania, and in 1778 was one of the
Commission selected to fix the boundary between Virginia
and North Carolina. Without any change of residence, he
successively represented the counties of Hanover, lyouisa
and Albemarle in the House of Burgesses, and in 1763 was
the trustee of Albemarle to sell and convey the lots and out-
lots of Charlottesville, the new county seat. He died in
1794. His children were Mary, the wife of Nicholas Lewis,
John, Susan, the wife of Henry Fry, Thomas, Lucy, the wife
of Dr. George Gilmer, Klizabeth, the wife of Rev. Matthew
Maury, Mildred, the wife of Joseph Hornsby, who removed
to Shelby County, Kentucky, Sarah, the wife of Reuben
Lindsay, Martha, the wife of George Divers, Reuben, Fran-
cis, and Peachy, the wife of Joshua Fry.

John lived at Belvoir, the old home of Robert Lewis, was
aide to Washington in the Revolution, member of the House of
Burgesses, United States Senator to fill the vacancy occasioned
by the death of William Grayson, for many years Common-

336 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

wealth's Attorney for the county, and died in 1809. He mar-
ried Elizabeth, daughter of Bernard Moore, and granddaughter
of Governor Spotswood, and his only child Mildred became
the wife of Francis Kinloch, of South Carolina.

Thomas was a Captain in the Ninth Virginia Regiment of
the Revolutionary army, and died in 1798. His home was on
the plantation of Indian Fields. His wife was Margaret
Hoops, and his children M. I^., Elizabeth, the wife of Robert
Michie, Maria, the wife of Richard Duke, Jane, the wife of
William Rice, of Halifax, Mildred, the wife of Tarleton
Goolsby, John, Thomas and Martha.

Francis succeeded his father at Castle Hill, was a magis-
trate of the county. Colonel of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment,
member of the House of Delegates, and Representative in
Congress, and died in 1806. He married Jane Byrd, daugh-
ter of General Hugh Nelson, and granddaughter of President
William Nelson, and his children were Jane Frances, the
wife of Dr. Mann Page, and Judith, the wife of William C.

Rives.

WALLACE.

Three brothers named Wallace came to Virginia with
Michael Woods as his sons-in-law about 1734, Peter, Andrew
and William. Peter married Martha Woods, and settled in
Rockbridge County. He was the father of Adam and Andrew
Wallace, who displayed great gallantry in the battle of
Guilford C. H., the latter yielding up his life on that field.
The other brothers remained in Albemarle. Andrew Wal-
lace married Margaret Woods. His home was near Ivy
Depot, on part of the Charles Hudson entry, where Charles
Harper afterwards resided. He died in 1785. His children
were Michael, Samuel, Elizabeth, the wife of William Bris-
coe, Mary, the wife of Alexander Henderson, Hannah,
Susan, the wife of Thomas Collins, Margaret, the wife
of William Ramsay, and Jean, the wife of a Wilson. All
these families except the Ramsays emigrated to the West,
some probably to western Virginia, but most of them to Ken-
tucky.

William Wallace married Hannah Woods. His home was

HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 337

on land at the foot of the Blue Ridge near Greenwood Depot,
which he bought from Andrew Woods, and on which some
of his descendants still reside. His children were Michael,
John, Jean, the wife of Robert Poage, William, Sarah,
Hannah and Josiah. Michael lived on lyickinghole, was
Captain of a military company during the Revolution, and a
ruling elder in Mountain Plains Church, with his wife Ann
sold his place to George Conner in 1786, and emigrated to
Kentucky. John lived near Greenwood, with his wife Mary
sold out to his brother William, and in 1780 removed to
Washington County, Virginia. Josiah lived at Mechum's
Depot, with his wife Hannah sold his plantation to Kdward
Broadus in 1796, and removed to Kentucky.

William continued in Albemarle, and resided at the old
home near Greenwood. He died in 1809. His wife was
Mary Pilson, and his children William, Richard, Hannah,
the wife of John L,obban, Samuel, Mary, Michael, Elizabeth
and John. William was associated with John Pilson in the
mercantile business, but died young and unmarried in 1812.
His business was continued by his brother Richard, who died
unmarried in 1832. Michael lived at the old homestead,
married Lavinia lyobban, was a ruling elder in Mountain
Plains Church, and died in 1845. His children were Samuel,
who emigrated to Texas, Mary, William, Martha, the wife
of Peter Le Neve, Michael W., Lavinia, the wife of Dr. A.
Hamilton Rogers, J. Hervey, Sarah, the wife of Thomas L.
Courtney, John R. and Charles. John married Elizabeth,
daughter of Joel Smith, and lived in Nelson. His children
were Jesse, Samuel, William W., Mary, the wife of William
Smith, and John Pilson.

WATSON.

William Watson came from Charles City County, and
resided on land east of North Garden Depot, which in 1762
he purchased from John Eeake and William and Joseph
Fitzpatrick. He died in 1784. His children were John P.,
Richard P., Joseph and Nancy, the wife of Thomas Cobbs.
John P. died in 1812, and his widow Martha, to whom he
—22

338 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

devised his estate, became the wife of John Brown in 1816.
Richard also died in 1812. His wife was Ann Anderson,
and his children William, lyucinda and Ann, the wives
respectively of Wilson Gregory and Francis Staples, both of
Henrico. Richard's widow was subsequently married to
Dr. C. Lewis Carr. The lands of this family have passed
into other hands, though their name is still remembered in
the neighborhood.

Another William Watson married Susan, daughter of
David Watts, and in 1767 received from his father-in-law a
portion of his estate on the west side of the South West
Mountain, not far from Stony Point. His children were
John, Matthew, Elizabeth, Sarah, Lucy, the wife of Thomas
Johnson, Mildred, Ann and Mary. John succeeded to his
father's place. In 1804 he bought from Thomas Wells
nearly five hundred acres of the Carter land south of Char-
lottesville, part of which was sold in 1818 by Matthew and
his wife Lucy to William Dunkum, and part in 1836 by John
and his wife Mary to Samuel Mitchell, of North Carolina.
There being for many years simultaneously three John Wat-
sons in the county, this John was described as of the Little
Mountain.

William Watson, son of Little Mountain John, had for a
long period charge of the county jail. He was a saddler by
trade, and in the early years of the century was associated in
business with Kdward Stone, who removed to Davidson
County, Tennessee. They owned the north end of the lot on
the west side of the Square. In 1819 Watson bought from Kd-
mund Anderson the lot on the west side of Park Street, where
he built the brick house which was long the residence of the
late Thomas Wood. He was Jailor from 1811 to 1828, and
again from 1832 to 1841, when during the imprisonment of
Joseph E. Semmes, he was succeeded by his son, James A.
Watson. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Barks-
dale, and his children were James Albert, who married Mary,
daughter of Anderson Brown, and Mildred, the wife of a
Jones. He died in 1853, and his son James A. in 1857.

In 1779 John Watson purchased land in the northwestern

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 339

part of the county on Rocky Creek. He was succeeded by
his son John, who was distinguished as John Watson, of
High Top. The latter died in 1833.

About 1790 John Watson, known as of Milton, came to
the county from Amherst. He was the son of James Wat-
son, formerly of James City County. He settled in Milton,
and was closely identified with its interests from its founda-
tion. He was appointed a magistrate in 1800, and served as
Sheriff in 1825. In 1813 he purchased from Brown, Rives
& Co. Forest Hill, a plantation on the south side of the
Rivanna below Milton, containing upwards of a thousand
acres. He made this his residence until his death in 1841.
His wife was Jane, daughter of Richard Price, and his chil-
dren Eliza, the wife of Ira Garrett, James Richard, John W.
C, Isabella, the wife of Charles B. Shaw, Matthew P.,
Egbert R., and Ellen, the wife of John C. Sinton. J. Richard
married Ann, daughter of James Clark, was a merchant in
Charlottesville, and a hotel keeper at the University, and
died at Forest Hill in 1867. John W. C. was admitted to
the Albemarle bar in 1830, married Catharine, sister of pro-
fessor John A. G. Davis, and removed to Holly Springs,
Miss. He represented that State in the Confederate Sen-
ate during the war. Matthew P. married Eliza, daugh-
ter of Opie Norris, and removed to Southwest Virginia.
Egbert spent his life in Charlottesville, as one of the leading
lawyers at its bar, and Judge of the Circuit Court at the close
of the war. He was thrice married, first to Mary, daughter
of Opie Norris, secondly to Jane Creigh, of Greenbrier, and
thirdly to Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac White. He died in
1887. Dr. Daniel E. Watson, a kinsman of this family,
came to the county from Amherst, and in 1837 bought from
Francis B. Hart the plantation in the Rich Cove, on which
he resided till his death in 1882. He was appointed a mag-
istrate in 1838. He married Mary, daughter of Henry T.
Harris.

Joseph Watson, an immigrant from Ireland, in 1832
bought from Andrew Leitch, agent of the Dinsmore estate,
Orange Dale, where he lived until his death several years

340 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

ago. His wife was Ellen I,eitch, a sister of Samuel
Iveitch Jr.

WATTS.

Jacob Watts became the owner of more than eleven hun-
dred acres on the north fork of the Rivanna, near Piney
Mountain. He was one of the early Methodist ministers of
the county. He died in 1821, at the age of ninety years.
His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of the first Ricliard Durrett,
and his children William, John, Elijah, Fielding, Mildred,
the wife of a Bruce, Mary, the wife of Hezekiah Rodes, Fran-
ces, the wife of Joseph Edmondson, Nancy, the wife of Henry
Austin, and Agnes, the wife of John Huckstep. The chil-
dren of Elijah were Sarah, the wife of Kenza Stone, who
removed to Bourbon County, Kentucky, Mildred, the wife of
James Dickerson, Elizabeth, the wife of John O. Padgett,
Nancy, the wife of Wiley Dickerson, and Frances, the wife
of James Malone.

David Watts, possibly a brother of Jacob, lived on the west
side of the South West Mountain, south of Stony Point. He
died in 1767. His children were John, David, Nathan, and
Susan, the wife of William Watson. David lived in the same
neighborhood, and died in 1817 . His wife's name was Sarah,
and his children were Charles, who married Elizabeth Buck-
ner, John, Philip, David, who married Ruth, daughter of
George Twyman, Susan, the wife of Carver Thomas, Mary,
the wife of William Breedlove, Mildred, the wife of Richard
Breedlove, Frances and Nancy. Philip married a daughter
of John Brown, and lived west of Mechum's Depot. His
daughter America was the wife of Madison Kinsolving.

WAYT.

George Wayt in 1773 purchased from William Twyman
the plantation on Ivy Creek, on the north side of the White-
hall Road, which long continued in the possession of the
family. It is believed his wife Catharine was the daughter
of Twyman. It is said that after his death, she became the
wife of Elijah Garth. His children were Twyman, Tabitha,
the wife of a Kennerly, of Augusta, Catharine, the wife of

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 341

Paschal Garth, who removed to Todd County, Kentucky,
Frances, Sarah, Judith and Elizabeth. Twymau was for
many years associated in business with his brother-in-law,
John Winn, under the firm of Wayt & Winn. He was also
Mr. Winn's successor as Postmaster of the town. His home
was on the northeast corner of Jefferson and Second Streets,
the square on which it stood having been bought by him in
1815 from the executors of Jacob Kinney. He married Mary
Johnson, of Fluvanna, and his children were Charles, John,
James M., Mary, the wife of Dr. J. W. Poindexter, and Twy-
monia, the wife of Peter A. Woods. He died in 1861.

WERTENBAKER.

Christian Wertenbaker was of German extraction. His
first home was in Columbia, Fluvanna County, but he re-
moved to Milton, when that town was established. Subse-
quently he became a citizen of Charlottesville, and in 1814
purchased from his brother-in-law, Joshua Grady, the farm
on the old Barracks Road, east of Ivy Creek, where he spent
the remainder of his days. He died in 1833. He married
Mary, daughter of Joshua Grady, and his children were Wil-
liam, Edward, Thomas Jefferson, Elizabeth, the wife of John
Walker, who removed to Pickaway County, Ohio, Susan, the
wife of Patrick Martin, and Sarah Ann, the wife of David
Vandegrift.

William in his youth acted as deputy Clerk and deputy
Sheriff of the county, and was admitted to the bar in 1824.
Soon after he was chosen L,ibrarian of the University,
and continued to be connected with the affairs of that insti-
tution until his death in 1882. He possessed a marvellously
accurate recollection of all the students who had during his
time frequented its halls, and no figure associated with its
scenes dwelt more familiarly in their memory than his. He
retained much of the manners of the old school, and the
offer of his snuffbox was one of the acts of his stately cour-
tesy to the last. For many years he was a ruling elder in the
Presbyterian Church of Charlottesville. His wife was lyouisa,
daughter of I<ewis Timberlake, of Caroline.

342 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

WHEELER.

Benjamin Wheeler was one of the early patentees of land
within the present limits of Albemarle. In 1734 he obtained
the grant of six hundred acres on Mechunk, and in 1740 two
hundred on Moore's Creek. He conveyed three hundred
acres of his Mechunk land to Giles Allegre in 1748, and the
remainder in 1768 to his grandson Benjamin Burgher. In
1764 he conveyed his land on Moore's Creek to his son-in-
law, MicajahSpradling. His children were Benjamin, Mica-
jah, and the wives of Micajah Spradlingand Manus Burgher.
Micajah married Susan, daughter of John Woodson, and died
about 1832. His children were John, Robert, who married

Frances, daughter of Callum Bailey, the wife of John

Woodson, and Mary, the wife of Tucker Page.

Benjamin Dod Wheeler was contemporaneous with the first
Benjamin; whether he was the son of that name, is not
known. He became the owner of more than eight hundred
acres on the upper waters of Moore's Creek, the greater por-
tion of which he and his wife Ann sold to George Nicholas
in 1788. He appears then to have removed from the county.
A daughter Elizabeth became the wife of John Old Jr., in
1785.

Micajah Wheeler, probably a brother of the first Benjamin,
also bought land on Moore's Creek. He died in 1809. His
wife's name was Sarah, and his children were Joshua, John,
Micajah, Benjamin, Joel, Elizabeth, Sarah, the wife of Oba-
diah Britt, and Ann, the wife of Hezekiah Collins. John in
1814 purchased from Stephen Hughes the mill now known as
Maury's, which he and his wife Ann sold in 1820 to John M.
Perry and Reuben Maury. Micajah married Mary Emerson,
bought in 1800 a parcel of land on Mechum's, west of Bates-
ville, which in 1815 he sold to Ralph Field, and died in 1836.
Benjamin also died in 1836. His children were Sarah, Susan,
the wife of a Holson, Mary, the wife of Overton I^owry, Mil-
dred, the wife of.a Wood, and a son, who was the father of Ben-
nett and Joel. Joshua died in 1838. His wife's name was
Mary, and his children were John D., who died in 1844, Mica-
jah, who married Julia, daughter of Benjamin Martin, and

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 34^3

died in 1841, Joshua N., who married Rebecca Pollock, and
died in 1858, Sarah, the wife of John Bailey, Eliza, the wife
"^f Goodrich Garland, Matilda, the wife of James Garland,"
Elizabeth, the wife of John Martin, and James.

WHITE.

John White, a native of Scotland, bought land from the
Brockmans and Dowells on the west side of the South West
Mountain, beginning his purchases in 17 72. He married
^ourning-, daughter of Henry Shelton, and died without
children in 1807. By his will he emancipated forty-seven
negroes, and made provision for their removal to a free State,
John Walker and Chiles Terrell being appointed his execu-
tors. Jeremiah, doubtless a brother, married Jane Shelton,
a sister of his wife.

Conyers White came to the county from Orange in 1776,
and purchased more than fifteen hundred acres on Buck Moun-
tain Creek. He was succeeded by his son Crenshaw, who
married Sarah Austin, sold his property about 1825, and emi-
grated to Missouri.

In 1779 Daniel White bought from William Wood the plan-
tation on which he was living at the time, lying southwest of
Batesville. This place he subsequently sold to Benjamin
Ficklin. In 1812 he purchased from the trustee of Menan
Mills the farm at the bend of Mechum's River on Broadaxe,
which has been in the possession of the family ever since.
He died in 1818. His wife's name was Elizabeth, and his
children were Mary, the wife of Thomas Martin, Elizabeth,
the wife of John Jones, Margaret, the wife of Thomas Jack-
son, Nancy, the wife of Overton Garland, John, Henry, Wil-
liam, who died in New Orleans in 1817, Rhoda, the wife of
Joseph Grayson, and Felicia. Henry succeeded his father
at the home place. He was appointed a magistrate in 1830,
and died in 1850, He married Elizabeth, daughter of Rice
Garland, and his children were Samuel G., and Elizabeth,
the wife of Edward C. Hamner.

Near the close of the last century Garrett White came to
the county from Madison, and established his home in the

344 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

North Garden, southwest of the Cross Roads. By his sagac-
ity and industry he acquired a large estate, becoming the
owner of more than two thousand acres in the North and
South Gardens. He was appointed a magistrate in 1806, and
served as Sheriff in 1830. He died in 1843. He married
Elizabeth, daughter of John Piper, and his children were
John, Jeremiah, who died young and unmarried, and Sarah,
the wife of Samuel W. Martin. John displayed the energy
and thrift of his father. He died in 1866. His wife was
Caroline, daughter of Stephen Moore, and his children were
Garrett, John S., Jeremiah, Frances, the wife of Alfred
Carpenter, Mary, the wife of Nicholas M. Page, and Sarah >
the wife of Samuel G. White.

WILKINSON,

John Wilkinson deserves mention as one who early sought
to develop the natural resources of the county. He came,
it is likely, from Baltimore in 1768, and at first with Nathan-
iel Giles and John Lee Webster, and afterwards with John
Old, made several purchases of land supposed to contain
iron ore. In pursuance of the same end, he took out patents
in 1770 for large tracts of land in the Ragged Mountains,
and along the Hardware River. Ore was mined on Cook's
Mountain, on Appleberry Mountain near the Cove, and on
the north fork of Hardware, and furnaces were built on both
the north and south forks of that stream. The business was
not attended with success. lyitigation arose, and the lands
of Wilkinson having been mortgaged to carry on the enter-
prise, were sold by order of Court in 1796. Nothing is known
of his subsequent life. He seems however to have lived in
the southern part of the county, and died in 1813.

WINGFIELD.

The first appearance of the Wingfield name in Albemarle
occurred in 1762. At that time Mary, the wife of John
Wingfield, and daughter of Charles Hudson, conveyed to her
son Charles a part of five hundred acres named Prospect, on
which he was then living, and which she had received from

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 345

her father. This place was taanifestly situated in the Bis-
cuit Run Vallejs near the north fork of Hardware, a locality
for a long period largely occupied by the Wingfield family.
In 1772 Charles bought from David Glenn upwards of three
hundred acres on the head waters of Mechum's, which in
1783 he sold to John Piper. He died in 1803. His wife's
name was Rachel, and his children were John, Charles,
William, Christopher, Joseph, Francis, Mary, the wife of
John Hamner, Ann, the wife of John Harrison, Sarah, the
wife of a Martin, Jemima, the wife of Samuel Barksdale, and
Elizabeth, the wife of Henley Hamner.

John died in 1814. His wife's name was Robina, and his
children were John, Robert, Matthew, Rebecca, the wife of a
Gilham, Mary and Martha. John married Ann, daughter of
John Buster, lived west of Batesville, and died in 1859. His
children were Richard, Edward, Robert, John, and Mildred,
the wife of a Herndon. Robert, his brother, died in 1825, and
his children were Thomas F., Mary Ann, and John M.
Matthew married Martha, another da:ighter of John Buster,
and his children were Ann and Martha.

Charles, long known as Charles Wingfield Jr., was ap-
pointed a magistrate in 1794, and served as Sheriff in 1819,
but died in one month after entering upon the office. His
home was at Bellair, on the Hardware. In 1783 he married
Mary, daughter of Charles L^ewis Jr. ,of Buck Island, and
widow of Colonel Charles Lewis, of North Garden, but had
no children. In his will he mentions generally the relations
of his wife, as well as his own. There is a tradition in the
family that he was an Episcopal minister, but no other evi-
dence of the fact can be found.

Christopher lived on the Plum Orchard branch of Biscuit
Run. He died in 1821. His wife's name was Elizabeth, and
his children were John H., Lucy, the wife of Allen Dawson,
Ann Eliza, the wife of James Rosson, Charles, who married
Margaret Rosson, and after whose death the widow became
the wife of William Summerson, whom many remember as
the aged page of the County Court, and William. John H.
and William removed to Nelson County.

346 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

Francis lived in the Biscuit Run valley, at the foot of Car-
ter's Mountain. His children were Mary, the wife of Robert
Gentry, Thomas, Francis, Charles M., Ann, the wife of
Littleton Chick, and John. John removed to Hanover.
His children were Alonzo, Chastain, Henrietta, Agnes, Eliza-
beth and Charles.

Other members of the family who came to the county be-
sides Charles, were Kdward and Reuben. Kdward died in
1806. His wife was Nancy Hazelrig, and his children Joseph
F., John, Mary, the wife of Larkin Hudson, Amanda, the
wife of Rice Bailey, Sarah, the wife of William Stewardson,
Edward W. G., Robina, the wife of James Martin, and
Matthew. The children of Reuben, who died in 1842, were
Sarah, Mary R., Lucetta, John O., Anderson and Edward.

Charles Wingfield, no doubt of the same stem, but of a
different branch, came to the county from Hanover in the
early part of the century, married Cary Ann, daughter of
Lewis Nicholas, became a Baptist minister, and died in 1864.
His children were Frances, the wife of Waddy Roberts,
Mary, the wife of John A. Mosby, Sarah, the wife of John
Morris, Maria, the wife of Robert Thornton, Julia, the
wife of John P. Roberts, Edmonia, John, George and
Dr. Charles L.

WINN.

John Winn came from Fluvanna, and settled in Charlottes-
ville in the early part of the century. As the partner of
Twyman Wayt, he was for a long time one of the principal
merchants of the town, and its Postmaster. He also dealt
considerably in real estate. In 1813 he purchased from John
Carrhis seat of Belmont, where he resided until his death
in 1835 His wife was Miss Johnson, a sister of Mrs. Wayt,
and of Michael Johnson, who married Sophia, daughter of
Jesse Lewis, and whose home was about a mile south of
Jesse L- Maury's residence. His children were Benjamin,
John J., William, Thomas, Elizabeth, the wife of George R.
King, of Louisiana, Mary, the wife of John A. Gretter, Mar-
tha, the wife of David Gretter — these gentlemen were brothers
from North Carolina — and Sarah, the wife of John Y, Bar-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 347

rett, who was a partner of George M. Mclntire in the drug
business, and eventually removed to Amherst. Benjamin
married Mary J., daughter of Ira Garrett, and removed to
Amherst, near Pedlar Mills. John J. married Alice, daughter
of Rice W. Wood, and lived the latter part of his life in Hills-
boro, where he died in 1885.

WOOD.

Henry Wood, the first Clerk of Goochland, was one of the
earliest patentees of land within the present limits of Albe-
marle. In 1734 and 1739 he was granted twenty-six hundred
and fifty acres on Buck Island, part at its mouth, and part
where the late Christopher Gilmer lived, called the Upper
Plantation. His son Valentine became a resident of the county,
and was appointed one of its magistrates in 1746. When his
father died in 1757, he returned to Goochland, and succeeded
him in the Clerk's office. After his death his family again fixed
their residence in Albemarle. His wife was Lucy Henry, a
sister of the great orator, and his children Henry, Martha, the
wife of Stephen Southall, Mary, the wife of Judge Peter John-
ston, and mother of General Joseph K. Johnston, lyucy, the
second wife of Edward Carter, John H., William and Jane.
Their land in Albemarle was sold, the largest portion, nearly
twelve hundred acres, to John R. Campbell in 1815, when
the family transferred their residence to Fluvanna. Mrs.
Lucy Wood died there about 1826. John H. was the only
son who married. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of
Charles Spencer. A son, Valentine, died in infancy in 1822,
and a daughter, Mary, survived him, Richard Duke being
appointed her guardian in 1827.

Josiah Wood in 1741 patented four hundred acres on Buck
Mountain Creek. In 1769 he bought land on the west side
of the South West Mountain, which in 1787 he and his wife
Mary sold to Claiborne Rothwell. He also purchased a
tract of more than fifteen hundred acres which lay at the
junction of the Buck Mountain and Hydraulic Mills Roads,
which had been apparently entered by Major John Henry,
father of the orator, and which in later times came into the

348 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

possession of Nelson Barksdale and George Crank. This
land in 1792 he divided between his sons David and John,
John in 1801 was succeeded by Horsley Goodman as Major
of the Second Battalion of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment, sold
his land to John Clarkson, and probably removed from the
county. David in 1781 married Mildred, daughter of Colonel
Nicholas Lewis, of the Farm. His home was on Buck
Mountain Creek, not far from Webb's Mountain, He was
appointed a magistrate in 1801, and died in 1816. His
children were Thomas W., Nicholas L., Robert W., William
L., John W. , David, Maria, the wife of James Clarkson,
who removed to Kanawha, and Margaret, the wife of Dr.
James B. Rogers. Thomas lived adjacent to his father's place,
was appointed Colonel of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment in 1814,
and a magistrate in 1816, and died in 1831 . His wife was Su-
san, daughter of Joseph H. Irvin, who after his death was mar-
ried to John Fray. His children were Dr. Alfred, Mildred, the
wife of Jeremiah A. Early, and Mary Ann, Nicholas lived

near his brother, married Nancy , and removed to-

Tipton County, Tennessee. Robert married Mary Ann Mil-
ler, lived south of Ivy Depot, and afterwards on the north
side of Moorman's River, and died in 1839. William mar-
ried Pamela, daughter of John Dickerson, and emigrated to
Missouri. John married Amelia Harris, and removed to
Richmond. David died young.

The name of Wood in the vicinity of Batesville was rep-
resented by a number of different families, and it is some-
what difficult to trace their respective lines. William Wood
first appears, who about 1760 bought land from John L,eake
and others on the head waters of Mechum's. He seems to
have had five sons, John, William, Isaac, Abner and Jesse.
In 1801 he purchased from the trustees of Edward Broadus
the old Josiah Wallace place, which included Mechum's
Depot. He died in 1808. His son John in 1813 sold the
Wallace place to George Price, of Orange, who two years
later sold it to James Kinsolving. The name of John's wife
was Elizabeth, and she was probably the daughter of Jere-
miah Yancey. William dealt quite actively in real estate.

HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 349

It was he who in 1779 sold to Daniel White the plantation
near Mount Ed Church, on which the latter resided for more
than thirty years. He was much concerned in military
matters, was for many years Captain of his neighborhood
company of militia, and was appointed Major of the Second
Battalion of the Forty-Seventh Regiment. He died in 1820.
He was probably twice married, first to Martha, daughter of
David Glenn, and secondly to Elizabeth , His chil-
dren were Rice, Jesse, Elizabeth, the wife of John Brown,
David, Nancy, the wife of Joseph Watson, William, Milton,
John and Clifton. Rice, whose wife's name was Elizabeth,
daughter of David Burgher, and perhaps others of this family
emigrated to Missouri. Isaac seems to have lived in the
fork of Mechum's, east of Yellow Mountain. He married
Susan, daughter of Captain William Grayson. His son John
was the owner of eleven hundred acres near Batesville. John
in 1788 married Mary, daughter of Reuben Terrell, and died
in 1843. His children were Mildred, the wife of Henry Pem-
berton, Sarah, the wife of Hudson Barksdale, Elmira, the
wife of William G. Barksdale, Mary, the wife of Lewis Poates,
I^ucy, the wife of Elijah Brown, Reuben, Isaac, John T.,
James M., Susan, Jerome B., Richard and William L. Ab-
ner and his wife Mary sold their property in 1795, and appar-
ently removed from the county. Jesse married Mildred, the
widov/ of Reuben Terrell, and died in 1824. His children
were William, Mildred, the wife of Ralph Field, Sarah, the
wife of John Field, Elmira, the wife of Joseph Field, and
afterwards of John Robinson, Jesse and Richard. William
married Nancy, daughter of Robert Field, and died in 1833.
His children were Nancy, the wife of John Dollins, William,
Mary, Elizabeth, the wife of a Stone and Edward. Jesse
Jr. died in 1829. His children were Thomas G., Mildred,
Jane, and Richard Walker. His wife, whose name was lyucy
Wood, was subsequently married to Hudson Oaks.

A John Wood, who lived in the same section, and died
about 1792, married Eleanor, daughter of Solomon Israel.
His children were Solomon, William J., Sarah, Mary Ann,
the wife of Reuben Woody, Susan, the wife of Jonathan

350 HISTORY OF ALBEMARlwE

Boiling, Elizabeth, the wife of John Clack, and Mildred, the
wife of Reuben Mitchell. Many of this family removed to
Barren County, Kentucky. A William Wood also lived in
the same section. His wife's name was Mildred, and his
children were Jesse, who was distinguished by the aflEix of
Cull — whether because he came from Culpeper, or for another
reason, is not known — and Mildred, the wife of Jechonias
Yancey.

In 1774 David Wood came from I^ouisa, and purchased
land from David Watts, on the west side of the South West
Mountain. In that section he established his home. He
died in 1813. His wife was a Watson of the Green Spring
family, and his children Martha, the wife of Nathaniel
Thomason, Klizabeth, the wife of Micajah Carr, Mary, the
wife of John Sandridge, who emigrated to Green County,
Kentucky, Drury, lyucy, the wife of Elisha D. Gilliam, who
removed to Christian County, Kentucky, Henrietta, the
wife of James Jeffries, Nancy, the wife of Meekins Carr,
James, Sarah, the wife of a Gooch, who emigrated to lyincolu
County, Kentucky, and Ann, the wife of Barnett Smith.
Drury resided at Park Hill, opposite the bend of the north
fork of the Rivanna, near Stony Point. As a man of busi-
ness he was judicious and energetic, and acquired a large
estate. He died in 1841. He married Malinda, daughter of
John Carr, and his children were Sarah, the wife of Nathan-
iel Burnley, James, who married Frances, daughter of Han-
cock Allen, David, who married Lucy, daughter of Richard
Duke, William, George, Kendall — these five brothers emi-
grated to West Tennessee — Rice W., Thomas, Drury, Mary,
the wife of Robert Durrett, Martha, the wife of James D.
Allen, and Caroline, the wife of Thomas J. Early. Rice
was admitted to the bar in 1821, and represented the county
in the House of Delegates. He died in 1831, on the thres-
hold of a promising career. His wife was Sarah Donahoe,
of Staunton, and his children Cornelia, the wife of George
D. Brent, Alice, the wife of John J. Winn, Mary and Antoin-
ette. Thomas was admitted to the bar in 1830 — at the time
of his death its oldest member — and was also a member of

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 351

the lycgislature. He was twice married, first to Mary Morton,
of Prince Edward, and secondly to Mrs. Sturdivant, of Wash-
ington City. He died without children in 1895. Drury also
became a member of the bar in 1842.

In 1779 William Wood came from Maryland, and bought
land on the west fork of Priddy's Creek. He was the ances-
tor of nearly all the families of the name who have resided in
the northern part of the county. About the same period there
came from the same State, and settled in the same neighbor-
hood, Thomas Wills and John Turner, and a few years later
Michael Catterton, Samuel Wills, John Ward and John
KUiott.

WOODS.

The first Woods who settled in Albemarle was Michael, who
was born in the north of Ireland in 1684, and with his wife
Mary Campbell, and most of his children, came to this coun-
try sometime in the decade of 1720. Landing on the banks of
the Delaware, he spent some years in Lancaster County, Penn-
sylvania, thence ascended the Valley of Virginia, and crossed
the Blue Ridge by Woods's Gap in 1734. In 1737 he entered
more than thirteen hundred acres on Mechum's River and
Lickinghole, and the same day purchased two thousand acres
patented two years before by Charles Hudson, and situated
on the head waters of Ivy Creek. It is believed he was the
first settler in western Albemarle, and perhaps anywhere
along the east foot of the Blue Ridge in Virginia. His home
was near the mouth of Woods's Gap. He died in 17 62, and
was interred in the family burying ground about a hundred
yards from the dwelling. His tombstone was standing just
after the Civil War, when it was broken to pieces and disap-
peared ; but a fragment discovered a few years ago indicated
the year of his birth. His will is on record, in which are
mentioned three sons and three daughters, Archibald, John,
William, Sarah, the wife of Joseph Lapsley, of Rockbridge,
Hannah, the wife of William Wallace, and Margaret, the
wife of Andrew Wallace.

Archibald, whose wife's name was Isabella, was one of his
father's executors, and in 1767 joined with John, his co-exec-

352 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

utor, in convej'ing nearly seven hundred acres of the land on
Ivy Creek to Rev. James Maury. In 1771 he purchased land
on Catawba Creek in Botetourt County, now Roanoke, and
removed thither about that time. He died in 1783 His chil-
dren were James, who removed to Fayette County, Kentucky,
John, Archibald, Andrew and Joseph. Joseph died in Roa-
noke about 1840, devising half of his property to the Presby-
tery of Montgomery. The descendants of John are still
citizens of that county, his grandsons John W. being the
present Judge of Roanoke City, and James P. its present
Mayor.

John lived on Mechum's River, not far above the Depot of
that name. In 1745 he was sent as a Commissioner to pros-
ecute before the Presbytery of Donegal in Pennsylvania, a
call which the churches of Rockfish and Mountain Plains
had given to Rev. John Hindman. He is the only one of the
original family, the dates of whose life are certainly known.
He was born February 19th, 1712, and died October 14th,
1791. He married Susanna, daughter of Rev. James Anderson,
whom he knew as a child in Pennsylvania, and whom years
later he returned to woo as his wife. His children were
Michael, James, Susan, Mary, L,uta and Ann. Michael
lived on his father's place on Mechum's till about 1801 , when
he removed to a farm in Nelson on the south fork of Rock-
fish, recently occupied by Charles Harris. His wife was
Esther Carothers, of Rockbridge, and his children were Wil-
liam M., Mary, the wife of Hugh Barclay, Susan, the wife of
Nathaniel Massie, John, James and Samuel. William M.
was twice married, first to lyouisa, daughter of William S.
Dabney Sr., and secondly to Martha, daughter of Charles A.
Scott. He left eight children, who removed to Mississippi.
His brothers, John, James, and Samuel, who married Sarah,
daughter of John Rodes, emigrated to Marion County, Mis-
souri, James (1748-1823) was an officer in the Revolution-
ary array, married Mary, daughter of James Garland, of
North Garden, and removed to Garrard County, Kentucky,
where he had a family of twelve children. Susan became
the wife of Daniel Miller, who removed to Kentucky, and

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 353

from whom descended General John Miller, who fell at Per-
ry ville on the Federal side, Mary, the wife of John Reid,
lyUta, of Samuel Reid, and Ann, of James Reid and after-
wards the second wife of her cousin William Woods.

William, no doubt the oldest of the family and born in
1706, succeeded his father at Mountain Plains, the old home-
stead. He seems to have been unfortunate in his business
affairs. Twice he mortgaged his property, first to Thomas
Walker, and then to a number of Valley men, among whom
were his brother-in law, John Bowyer, and his nephew, Sam-
uel McDowell. At length in 1774 he made sale of it to Thomas
Adams, of Augusta. At that time he was living in Fincastle
County. His wife was Susanna, a sister of his brother-in-
law, William Wallace, and his children, Adam, Michael,
Peter, John, Andrew, Archibald, William, Sarah, the wife of
a Shirkey, Susan, and Mary, the wife of George Davidson.
All the children except William emigrated to Kentucky, and
from there some went to Tennessee, and some to Missouri.
Adam, Peter and Andrew became Baptist preachers. Archi-
bald is mentioned in Hening's Statutes as a trustee of the
the towns of Boonesboroand Milford, Ky. , and in that State
he died in 1838 , at the age of eighty - nine. William remained
in Albemarle. He lived on Beaver Creek, about a mile north
of Crozet; on this account, as there were two other William
Woodses contemporaneous, he was commonly known as
Beaver Creek Billy. In many respects he was a remarkable
man, in his sphere somewhat of a born ruler, of fine sense,
and great decision. Many amusing stories have been told of
his management of men and things, particularly of his foster-
ing care over Mountain Plains Church. He died in 1836,
ninety-two years of age. He was married three times, first
to his cousin Sarah Wallace, next to his cousin Ann Reid,
and thirdly to Mrs. Nancy Richardson. He had one son,
William, who married Mary, daughter of William Jarman,
and died in 1829. Their children were James, who lived on
Beaver Creek, married Ann Jones, of Bedford, and died in
1868, William, who lived near Crozet, married Nancy, the
daughter of John Jones, and died in 1850, Peter A., who was
—23

354 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

a merchant in Charlottesville and Richmond, married Twy-
monia Wayt, and afterwards Mrs. Mary Poage Bourland, of
Augusta, and died in 1870, Thomas D., who married Miss
Hagan, lived near Pedlar Mills in Amherst, and died in 1894,
and Sarah J,, the wife of Jesse P. Key.

According to credible evidence, Michael Woods and his
wife Mary Campbell had two sons and two daughters in addi-
tion to those just mentioned, Michael, Andrew, Magdalen
and Martha. Michael lived southwest of Ivy Depot till 1773,
when with his wife Ann he removed to a plantation in Bote-
tourt, on the south side of James River, a few miles below
Buchanan. He died in 1777, leaving eleven children, among
whom were Samuel, from whom descended Rev. Neander M.
Woods, of Memphis, and Rev. William H. Woods, of Balti-
more, and William. William remained in Albemarle, and
became a Baptist minister, on which account he was known
as Baptist Billy. His home was also southwest of Ivy. He
represented the county in the House of Delegates in 1799, and
in 1810 removed to Livingston County, Kentucky, where he
died in 1819. His wife was Joaqna, daughter of Christopher
Shepherd, and his children Micajah, David, Mary, John, and
Susan, the wife of Henry Williams. Micajah resided in Al-
bemarle, was appointed a magistrate in 1816, served as Sher-
iff in 1836, and while filling that office died at his country
seat near Ivy in 1837. He was twice married, first to Ivucy
Walker, and secondly to Sarah, daughter of John Rodes, and
widow of William Davenport. His children by the first mar-
riage were Martha, the wife of John Wilson, Mary, the wife
of James Garth, Elizabeth, the wife of John Humphreys, and
Henry, who died young, and by the second William S., who
died unmarried, and Dr. John R., still pleasantly remem-
bered in the community.

Andrew lived at the foot of the Blue Ridge near Green-
wood Depot, a few hundred yards south of the brick mansion,
long the home of Michael Wallace's family. He owned
nearly five hundred acres in that vicinity, and nearly nine
hundred at the foot of Armor's Mountain. He sold his prop-
erty in 1765, and removed to Botetourt. He was one of the

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 355

first magistrates of that county, and was appointed its Sher-
iff in 1777. His home was about nine miles south of Buch-
anan, not far from the Mill Creek Church. He died in 1781.
His wife was Martha, daughter of Robert Poage, of Augusta,
and his children James, who lived and died in Montgomery
County, on the north fork of Roanoke, and whose descend-
ants removed to Nashville, Tenn., Robert, Andrew, Ar-
chibald, who all removed to the vicinity of Wheeling in Ohio
County, Elizabeth, the wife of David Cloyd, of Rockbridge,
Rebecca, the wife of Isaac Kelly, of Bedford, Mary, the wife
of James Poage, who removed to Mason County, Kentucky,
and then to Ripley, Ohio, and Martha, the wife of Henry
Walker, of Botetourt. Archibald married his cousin Ann,
daughter of Thomas Poage, of Augusta, represented Ohio
County in the House of Delegates, and the Constitutional
Convention of 1788, and when he died in 1846, had been for
many years the senior magistrate of that county. The writer
of these notes is his grandson.

Magdalen Woods was married successively to John Mc-
Dowell, Benjamin Burden Jr., and John Bowyer. She is said
to have lived to the age of one hundred and four years. Her
children were Samuel, James, and Sarah McDowell, the latter
the wife of George Moffett, and Martha Burden, the wife of
Benjamin Hawkins. Martha Woods was the wife of Peter
Wallace.

Another branch of the Woodses, though beyond question
of the same stock, came to the county a few years later.
James, Samuel and Richard Woods were most probably
brothers. James first appears in 1749, when he patented
two hundred acres on Stockton's Creek. He lived on the
north fork of Rockfish, and at his house the District Com-
mittee met in 1775 to devise measures in furtherance of the
Revolution. Samuel lived in the same section. He was one
of the original purchasers of lots in Charlottesville. He died
in 1784. His children were Barbara, the wife of George
Martin, Margaret, the wife of Richard Netherland, who re-
moved to Sullivan County, Tennessee, John B., Mary, the
wife of Benjamin Harris, Jane, the wife of Joseph Montgom-

356 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

ery, and Elizabeth, the wife of William B. Harris. Richard
lived north of Taylor's Gap, on the road from D. S. to Rock-
fish Gap by way of the Miller School, a road which he is
said to have laid out, and which is still called by his name.
He dealt largely in real estate both in Charlottesville and the

county. He was twice married, first to Margaret , and

secondly to Eliza Ann, a sister of Colonel John Stuart, of
Greenbrier. His children were William, George Matthews,
Richard, and Elizabeth, the wife of James Brooks. He died
in 1801. William succeeded his father at the homestead near
Taylor's Gap. He was the County Surveyor from 1796 to
1828, whence he was generally known as Surveyor Billy.
He was appointed a magistrate in 1816, succeeded Micajah
Woods in the Sheriffalty, and was a ruling elder in Mountain
Plains Church. He and his brother George gave much atten-
tion to improving the breed of horses, bringing to the county
a number of sires from the stud of John Randolph of Roa-
noke. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Warwick,
of Bath, but he died without children in 1850. George lived
on the opposite side of the road from his brother, filled for
many years the office of Commissioner of the Revenue for St.
Anne's, and died in 1847. He married Jane, daughter of
Sampson Matthews, of Bath, and his children were John,
Sampson L,. , William, Andrew, J. Warwick, George, Mary,
the wife of Tillotson Janney, and Martha, the wife of Dr.
Day. The daughters and their husbands removed to lycwis
County. Richard was deputy Surveyor under his brother,
and died unmarried in 1822. His place was near the Miller
School, and is now in the possession of Thomas G. Michie.

WOOUSON.

In 1769 Tucker Woodson became the deputy Clerk of
Albemarle. He was the son of Tucker Woodson, of Gooch-
land, and his wife Sarah Hughes. He married Elizabeth,
daughter of John Moore, and his home was on the land just
north and west of Charlottesville, given to his wife by her
father. He died in 1779; and in 1782 his widow became the
wife of Major Joseph Crockett, an ofiicer of the Revolution-

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 357

ary army, who soon after removed to Kentucky. Tucker
Woodson left two sons, Tucker Moore and Samuel Hughes.
Tucker M. about the beginning of the century purchased a
considerable amount of real estate in town and county,
among other places the plantation of Viewmont, which in
1803 he sold to Captain John Harris. The next year he
removed to Kentucky. His wife was Martha Eppes, daugh-
ter of Charles Hudson. Samuel had emigrated to Kentucky
some years before. He received from his mother her land
adjoining Charlottesville, and part of it he sold to Charles
Jouett in 1799, and the remainder to Alexander Garrett in
1808. He became Clerk of Jessamine County, Kentucky,
and in 1821 represented his district in Congress.

In 1769 John Woodson, of Goochland, most probably a
half-brother of Tucker, bought land on the head waters of
Ivy Creek. He departed this life in 1779. His wife's
name was Elizabeth, and his children were Tarleton, Susan,
the wife of Micajah Wheeler, and Sarah, the wife of John
Everett. Tarleton is believed to have married Annis,
daughter of Augustine Shepherd, and his children were
Tarleton, Augustine and Prior. Prior married Josephine
Abell, and was the father of John, who recently died on or
near the same land his ancestor had purchased more than a
century and a quarter before.

In later years, about 1835, Thomas Woodson came to
Charlottesville from Goochland, He was for many years one
of the teachers of the town, and a ruling elder in the Presby-
terian Church. He died in 1862. He was twice married,
first to a sister of James C. Halsall, a member of the Albe-
marle bar, and secondly to Clarissa, daughter of D. Ferrell
Carr. His daughter Mary became the wife of Charles C.
Preston, of Southwest Virginia.

YANCEY.

Jeremiah Yancey was the first of the name who settled in
Albemarle. He purchased land on Moorman's River in
1765, and during the next few years patented several small
tracts on Buck's Elbow. He died in 1789. His wife's name

358 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

was Margaret, and his children were Robert, Charles, Mary,
the wife of David Rodes, Elizabeth, the wife of John Wood,
Jechonias and Joel. Jechonias married Mildred, a sister of
Jesse Wood, Cull, was appointed a magistrate in 1807, and
died in 1820. His children were Jeremiah, a soldier of the
United States army, who died in 1828, William, Charles.
David, Martha and Joel. Joel, the brother of Jechonias,
married Martha, daughter of David Rodes, and in 1811
removed to Barren County, Kentucky.

Charles Yancey, who was a prominent man in the early
part of the century, was the son of Robert Yancey, of Buck-
ingham. An energetic man of business, he conducted a
tavern, store, mill and distillery at what was afterwards
May's, and still later Cocke's, Tavern. This was originally
the location of the postoffice called Yancey's Mills, and
though transferred to the more important centre of Hills -
boro, the old name is retained. Mr. Yancey was appointed
a magistrate in 1796, became Colonel of the Forty-Seventh
Regiment in 1806, and served as Sheriff in 1821. He was
twice married, first to Sarah, daughter of Robert Field, and
secondly to Jane Alexander. His children by the first mar-
riage were Jeremiah, Joel, Charles and Robert, and by the
second Jechonias, Sarah, the wife of J. W. Ralls, Alexander
K. and Jane. Jeremiah married Sarah, daughter of Clai-
borne Rothwell. He and his brother Joel built the mill on
Lickinghole near Crozet about 1820, and sold it in 1822 to
Philip S. Pleasants. Alexander K. married Sarah, daugh-
ter of Col. John S. Farrar, transacted business as a mer-
chant in Hillsboro, and died in 1889.

YERGAIN.

John Yergain came to the county in the latter part of the
last century, probably from Tidewater Virginia. He was a
resident of Charlottesville in 1796, and in that year obtained
a license for keeping an ordinary. He subsequently bought
one of the houses that are situated to the east of the Farish
House, and there for many years kept a store, chiefly for
the sale of liquor. He never married, and lived alone.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 359

Hard and parsimonious, he hoarded his earnings, and was
reputed to be rich; and this impression was strengthened
by his mode of living, and the jealous care he took in his
latter years to barricade his door against all who approached.
A report prevailed that he had a large amount of specie
buried in his cellar. Altogether from his peculiar habits,
his solitary life, and the rumors of his hidden wealth, he
was an object of great curiosity in the community. He died
in 1837. The reports of his concealed treasure were verified
after bis death, but its amount fell far short of the general
supposition. A relative named William Lee appeared from
New Kent, and administered on his estate.

HEBREWS.

The people destined to be "wanderers among the nations,"
have been represented in Albemarle from the earliest times.
In 1757 Michael Israel patented eighty acres in North Garden
near Stockton's Thoroughfare, which he and his wife Sarah
sold in 1770 to William Williams, of Goochland. It will be
seen he was one of the Border Rangers. In 1772 he purchased
more than three hundred acres on Mechum's River in the
same section, which he sold in 1779. Solomon Israel, a
brother or son, bought in the same neighborhood in 1764.
Eleanor, a daughter of Solomon, was the wife of John Wood,
and in 1783 Solomon gave his land to his grandson, Solomon
Wood. Whether the Israels died in the county, or removed
elsewhere, is not known, but their name has been left as a
permanent memorial. The conspicuous pass through the
mountains between North Garden and Batesville, is no
longer Stockton's Thoroughfare, but Israel's Gap.

Isaiah Isaacs died in Charlottesville in 1806, leaving six
children, Frances, Isaiah, Henrietta, David, Martha and
Hays. They for the most part removed to Richmond.
David remained in Charlottesville, was one of its merchants
in the decade of 1820, was the owner of a number of lots on
Main Street, and died in 1837. One of his sisters was a
milliner of the place at the same date. Jacob and Raphael
were also Jewish merchants in Charlottesville at that period,

360 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

and besides their business there, they at the same time con-
ducted stores at Stony Point and Port Republic.

ITALIANS AND FRENCH.

In early times a number of persons came to the county
from Italy and France. They were induced to this step by
the influence of Mr. Jefferson, who in his comprehensive
views of things sought to promote in this country the culti-
vation of the vine. Foremost among them was Dr. Philip
Mazzei. He settled here in 1774, and to be a neighbor of
Mr. Jefferson fixed his residence at Colle. He was warmly
interested in the American cause during the Revolution, and
to promote its interests went back to Kurope in 1779. He
visited this country again in 1785, presumably to dispose of
his property, but soon returned permanently to his former
home, where he died in 1816.

About the same time came the family of Gianniny , descend-
ants of which are still living in the county. In 1784 Anthony
Gianniny bought land on Buck Island Creek. In 1792 he
petitioned for liberty to build a mill on that stream. One of
the same name, no doubt a son, became a Baptist minister,
and was licensed to celebrate the rites of matrimony in 1807.
A Nicholas Gianniny was one of his sureties.

Peter Plumard de Rieux bought a hundred and fifty acres
south of Milton, which in 1790 he sold to Anthony MuUins,
and which afterwards became a part of Mr. Monroe's estate.
He then purchased a house and one hundred and thirty acres
on the west side of Charlottesville, which in 1795 he conveyed
to Colonel Thomas Bell to pay his debts. His daughter
Sarah was bound in 1801 to Mrs. Samuel Taliaferro. Claude
de La Cour died in the county in 1789. His will written in
French is on record. In 1809 Charles Elvy Bezet was the
owner of a parcel of ground west of Charlottesville, extend-
ing from the Staunton to the Barracks Road. There appear
also the names of De Prado, Colecassieu, L,a Porte and
Modena. In 1820 Francis Modena, who was a carriage
maker by trade, became the owner of lyot Forty on Main

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 361

Street, which he and his wife Mary subsequently sold to
Dabney Minor.

In later times D'Alphonsecame to the county as Instructor
in Gymnastics at the University. He purchased the tract of
land which is still known to the older citizens as D'Alphonse's
Garden. It lies in the southwest angle of the intersection
of the Whitehall Road and the Southern Railroad. During
his residence he was popular among the students. When the
war broke out, he went North and joined the Federal army.
He came back to Charlottesville with Sheridan as a Captain
of cavalry. When hostilities were past he returned, propos-
ing to occupy his old place at the University ; but the coun-
tenances of students and people were turned on him so coldly,
that he shook off the dust of his feet, and quit Virginia in
disgust.

Another distinguished foreigner was connected with Albe-
marle. Thaddeus Kosciusko, the illustrious Pole, who per-
formed so gallant a part in the war of the Revolution, made
his will while in this country. On returning to Europe, he
left it with Mr. Jefferson, whom he had appointed his execu-
tor. When Mr. Jefferson heard of his death in 1817, he had
it recorded in the ofl&ce of the Albemarle Circuit Court, where
the original document remained on file until May, 1875. At
that time, in response to a resolution of the General Assem-
bly, the Court ordered it to be transmitted to the Secretary
of the Commonwealth, to be deposited for preservation in
the State Library.

362

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

APPENDIX, No. I.

The orig-inal of the following- Call was found by Mr. Nicholas
Black in looking- over the papers of his uncle, the late Thomas Black.
It was published in the Charlottesville Chronicle of March 21st, 1879.

Ivy Crkek, March 29, 1747.
Whereas it is agreed or proposed that ye Inhabitants of Ivy Creek
and ye Mountain Plain Cong-reg-ation joyn tog-ether with ye Congre-
g-ation of Rockfish, to call and invite ye Reverend Samuel Black, now
Residing- in ye bounds of ye Reverend Mr. John Craig's Cong-reg-a-
tion, to be our Minister and Pastor to administer ye ordinances of ye
Gospel among- us : All we, whose names are hereunto affixed, do
promise and oblige ourselves to pay yearly and every year ye several
sums annexed to our names, for ye outward support and Incourage-
ment of ye said Mr. Samuel Black during his abode and continuance
among us, for ye one half of his Labor in ye Administration of Gos-
pel Ordinances to us in an orderly way, according to ye Rules and

Practice of our Orthodox Reformed Presbyterian Church
ness our hands.

Michael Woods
William Woods
Archibald Woods
William Wallace
Andrew Wallace
John Woods Sr.
John Greer
Thomas Lockhart'
Peter Hairston
Adam Gaudylock
Michael Woods Jr.
William McCord
John Gamble
Davis Stockton
Hugh Dobbins
David Lewis
James Gamble
-Charles Lambert
John Monday
Thomas Evins
Thomas Wright
William Little
Nathan Woods

as Wit-

£

s.

D. / £ S.

D.

1

10

Samuel Jameson

1 00

1

10

John Lockharty

15

1

5

Hendry Burch

10

1

5

Thomas Alexander

10

15

Patrick Woods

8

2

15

John McCulloch

10

10

William Ogans

12

6

10

William Chamberlain

5

8

Thomas Craig

5

10

John Thompson

5

10

John Corban

6

2

10

Hendry Carr

5

2>^

10

James Weir

12

2

1

00

Robert McNeilly

6

2

10

John Dicky

6

1

5

William Norris

6

1

5

John Kincaid

S

5

John Woods Jr.

5

5

John Jameson

10

5

Benjamin Wheeler

5

5

W. Bucknall

5

10

2'^ John Burrisse

5

10

3 Robert Stewart

5

2

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

363

s.

D.

£ s.

10

5

William Whiteside

10

10

2%

William Bustard

6

5

lYz

Thomas Whiteside

10

00

Matthew Mullins

5

00

Richard Stockton

12

10

James Kincaid
Andrew McWilliams
Georg-e Dawson
Joseph Kincaid
>John McCord
Archibald Woods

APPENDIX, No. 2.

Albemarle Company of Militia, lately in actual service for the
defence and protection of the frontier against the Indians, September,
1758. Hening's Statutes, VII, 203.

James Nevill, Captain
John Woods, L,ieut.
William Woods, Ivieut.
William Woods, Ensign
David Martin, Ensign
Andrew Greer, Sergeant
Charles Wakefield, Sergeant
William Martin, Sergeant
Samuel Stockton
Thomas Jameson'
Hugh Alexander
Robert Poage
John Wallace
Adam Gaudylock
Michael Woods Jr.
Bartholomew Ramsay
Henry Randolph
William Stockton
Michael Israel
James Kinkead
Thomas Harbet
Henry Brenton
Joshua Woods
Alexander Jameson
Daniel Maupin
John Maupin
William Maupin
Matthew Mullins -

Samuel Woods
William Whiteside
David Gass
Abraham Howard
Thomas Grubbs
John Cowan
George Breckenridge
William Poage
William Wakefield
Willia.n Cartie
Charles Hughes
Langdon Depriest
Aaron Hughes
John Depriest
James Glenn
James Robertson
Charles Crawford
John Biggs
John McAnally
Robert McWhorter
Richard Pryor
James Martin
Michael Morrison
James Morrison
Adam Lackie
Alexander McMulen
Lawrence Smith
Matthias Hughes

APPENDIX, No. 3.

Extracts from memoranda connected with the Revolution, found
among the papers of Dr. George Gilmer.

The following volunteers in the Independent Companies of Albe-

364

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

marie County bound themselves to the ensuing- Resolves by sub-
scribing: thereto :

1. Should they fail or flj^ back, they should be held unworthy of
the rig-hts of freemen, and as inimical to the cause of America.

2. An)^ one elected as Captain, Lieutenant, or linsign, and refus-
ing to serve, shall pay, the first £2S, the second ^15, and the third
£10, for the use of the Company.

3. To obey the officers by themselves elected, muster foitr times a
year, provide gun, shot-pouch and powder horn, and appear on duty
in hunting shirt.

V *Charles Lewis, Captain
*George Gilmer, Lieut.
*John Marks, Lieut.

John Harvie, Ensign

William Simms, Sergeant
*\Villiam Wood, Sergeant
*William T. Lewis, Sergeant
*John Martin, Sergeant
*Fred Wm. Wills, Corporal
-^Thomas Martin Jr., Corporal

Patrick Napier, Corporal
*David Allen, Corporal
*John Lowry, Drummer
*Edward Garland
*John Henderson
*Isaac Wood
*Falvy Frazier

Samuel Carr

John Watkins

Micajah Defoe

John Wood

David Dalton

Shadrach Battles
J. S. Logan
J. S. Lisle
William Flint
Roger Shackelford
John Dickerson
Edward Hughes
Stephen Hughes
J. S. Dudley
J. S. Stephenson
John Coles

*Charles L. Lewis

*James Quarles
Isaac Davis
Spencer Norvell

*Reuben Lindsay
Robert Martin Jr.

*William Johnson'
James Lewis
Edward Carter
Turner Richardson

George Thompson

Those marked with an asterisk, marched to Williamsburg, May
2nd, 1775, to demand satisfaction of Lord Dunmore for the removal of
the powder.

The following marched
Lieut. George Gilmer.

Matthew Jouett
Richard Harper
William Flint
Isham Lewis
Richard Harvie
Erasmus Ball
Bennett Henderson

to Williamsburg, July 11th, 1775 under

William Wood
William Lewis
William Henderson
Thomas Strachan
John Martin, Sergeant
Isaac Davis
Nelson Thompson

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

365

Charles L. Ivewis
Hastings Marks
Thomas Mitchell
Hudson Martin
John Wood
Micajah Chiles

Micajah Lewis
Richard Durrett
Bernard Mills
John Henderson
John Wood
Thomas Walker

Thomas Martin, Corporal.

A Declaration of Independence, signed by citizens of Albemarle,
April 21st, 1779, the original of which is preserved in the rooms of
the Virginia Historical Societj' in Richmond.

James Reid
Benjamin Lacy
William Tandy Sr.
John Reid

i

George Gilmer
James Quarles
William Lewis
Richard Anderson
Peter Marks
James Bridgett
John Fielder
George Norvell
Nathaniel Haggard
Henry MuUins
Tucker Woodson
Isaac Davis
Samuel Taliaferro
John Day
Micajah Chiles
Richard Harper
William Barton ~
John Greer
Thomas Jefferson
John Harvie
John Coles
James Marks
John Harris
John Jouett
Nicholas Lewis
Benjamin Harris
Samuel Dedman
James Hopkins
C. Simms
James Kerr
William Hays
Edward Butler
R. Davenport Jr.
William Irvin, V. D
Jason Bowcock

M.

William Hopkins ,
Clough Shelton
Samuel Woodson
Thomas Overton
Thomas Martin Jr.
John Wilkinson
Benjamin Dod Wheeler
Peter Jackson
Henry Heard
John Jouett Jr.
Isaac Davis Jr.
Philip Mazzei
George Saunders
Richard Gaines
William Briscoe
William Carroll
Robert Sharp Sr.
Robert Sharp Jr.
Joseph Lamb
John Bailey
Roland Horsley
Richard Harvie
Alexander McKinzie
Robert Thompson Jr.
John Kirby
John Black
William Pilson
Robert Pilson
James Epperson
John Lott
Richard Sharp

36*6

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Henry Shelton
James Minor
Anderson Bryan
John Fitzpatrick
John Stockton
Josiah Wood
Whittle Flannagan
Peter Ferg-uson
Nathaniel McAllister
John Henderson Sr.
John Lewis Sr.
W. Lang-ford
Peter Burrus
John Tandy
Richard Goodall
Spencer Norvell
Orlando Jones
Stat. Morris
William Michie
Thomas Craig
John McCuUoch
Charles L. Lewis
William Johnson
Zachariah Mills
John Thomas
Castleton Harper Sr.
John Newcomb
Samuel Bing
Richard Carter
John Wingfield
Henrj' Hooper
Nicholas Hamner .
Joseph Terrell
Daniel Goolsby
Richard Davenport
Charles Tucker
William Hitchcock
Henry Copeland
Richard Goolsby
Hiram (iaines
John Prince
Castleton Harper Jr.
Daniel Coleman
William Wingfield
William Leake
Martin Haggard

Robert Burrus

Henry Randolph "' ,

William McGhet^ ^

Samuel Karr L *^ ^

Samuel McCord
Joseph Holt
William L. Bing
Benjamin Jordan
John Henderson Jr.
William Barksdale
Thomas Thorp
James Wm. Crossthwait
R. Dixon
T. Marshall
Daniel Coleman
William Wingfield
Christopher Wingfield
William Leake
Martin Haggard
Peter Ballou
Thomas West
William Anderson
Jbseph Neilson
William Colvard
William Fossett
Edward Moore
Charles Lewis Jr.
David G. Mosby
Isham Lewis
Henry Ford
William Sandridge
William Chenault
Thomas Musick
Samuel Huckstep
Jacob Oglesby
John Wood
Thomas Collins
Arthur Graham
Thomas Morgan
Charles Hudson
William Jeffers
Richard Scott
Bernis Brown
William Stathara
Stephen Hughes Jr.
Horsley Goodman

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK

367

Peter Ballou
Thomas Fentress
James McManus
Samuel Rea
Abraham Eades
John Fentress
William Sorrow
William Fry
Charles Goodman
Michael Wallace
Randolph Jefferson
John Hall

David Allen *, r^^'.
Charles Kerr %/*'
Benjamin Henderson
Samuel Bowcock
David Morris
John Wallace
Matthew Maury
Mask L,eake
Robert Cobbs
Thomas Gooch

William Shelton
L/ittlebury Sullivan
William Karr
William Ramsay
David Nimmo
William Reynolds
Richard Watson
Shadrach Reynolds
Daniel Reynolds
Francis Browning-
William Rannald
Abraham Gollan
William Cleveland
James Bird
William Ballard
Thomas Jameson
Georg-e Mann
Daniel Miller
Francis Hodge
Francis Taliaferro
John Kirby
James Woods

APPENDIX, No. 4.
Albemarle Soldiers of the Revolution.

OFFICERS.
David Anderson, Ensign, 9th Va.
Nathaniel Anderson, L^ieut., 3rd Va.
John Beck, Fnsign, 9th Va. -
Samuel Bell, Ensig-n, Grayson's Reg-.
Thomas Bell, Captain, Gist's Reg-.
Bezaleel Brown, Captain, State troops at Yorktown.
Henry Burke, Captain, State militia.
John Burke, Captain, State militia.
May Button, Captain, State militia.
Peter Davie, Quartermaster, 14th Va.
Samuel Fddins, Captain, 1st Cont. Artillery.
Edward Garland, Captain, 14th Va.
Peter Garland, Captain, 6th Va.-—
Nathaniel Garland, Lieut., State militia.
William Gooch, Lieut., State militia.
William Grayson, Captain, State militia.
John Hargis, Ensign, 13th Va.
Benjamin Harris, Captain, State militia.

368 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Robert Harris, Captain, State militia.
Reuben Hawkins, Captain, State militia/
William Henderson, Captain, 9th Va.
Reuben Herndon, Lieut., 7th Va.
Joseph Holt, Lieut., 4th Va.

Samuel Hopkins, Lt. Col., 10th Va., captured at Charleston, S. C.
Charles Hudson, Quartermaster, 14th Va.
John Hudson, Captain, State militia.
Isaac Israel, Captain, 8th Va.
John Jameson, Lt. Col., Dragoons.-'
Matthew Jouett, Captain.
Robert Jouett, Captain, 7th Va.
^John Key, Ensign, 8th Va. •^-

Mask Leake, Captain, State militia,
Charles Lewis, Colonel, 14th Va.
Nicholas Lewis, Captain, State militia.
William Lewis, Lieut., Cont. Line.
Reuben Lindsay, Col., State militia.
Richard Lindsay, Col. Gen., Lawson's Brigade.
Bernard Lipscomb, Captain, State militia.
Col. Mallory.

John Marks, Captain, 14th Va,
Hudson Martin, Lieut., 9th Va,
-John Martin, Captain, State militia.
Abraham Maury, Adjutant, 14th Va.

David Meriwether, Lieut,, 14th Va,, captured at Charleston,
James Meriwether, Adj,, State militia,
Thomas Meriwether, Major, State militia.
Peter Minor, Captain, 5th Va,
Archelaus Moon, Lieut., 14th Va.
Jacob Moon, Paymaster, 14th Va.
George Nicholas, Lt. Col,, 11th Va,
John Nicholas, Lieut,, 9th Va.
Wilson C. Nicholas, Com., Washington's Guards.
Lipscomb Norvell, Lieut., 5th Va.
John Piper, Lieut., State militia.
James Quarles, Captain, State militia.
Robert Rodes, Captain, captured at Charleston.
/^ Clough Shelton, Captain, 10th Va., captured at Charleston.
William Simms, Captain, 6th Va,
Larkiti Smith, Captain, 4th Dragoons,
George Thompson, Lieut., State militia.
John Thompson, Lieut., 7th Va,
Leonard Thompson, Lieut,, State militia.
Roger Thompson, Captain, 2nd Va,
Thomas Walker Jr., Captain, 9th Va.

John Fag-g- Sr., died 1829, aged 92.

Simpson Foster, died in the service. a koL^

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 369

Captain Warr, probably Marr.
Daniel White, Captain, State militia.
Tarleton Woodson, Serg-eant, State militia.

PRIVATES.

John Burton, disabled and pensioned.

John Buster, died 1820, served ag'ainst Indians, and in Revolution.

Nathan Clausby, Grenadier, 1st Partisan IvCg'ion.

James Craddock, died in the service.

Charles Davis, 1st Ivig'ht Dragfoons, wounded and pensioned.

David Epperson, died in the service.

'/'

John Gillaspy, 9th Va., killed at Germantown.

Charles Goolsby, Corporal, 9th Va., captured at Germantown, and
died in the service.

James Goolsby, 9th Va., captured at Germantown, and died in the
service.

John Goolsby, 9th Va., died in the service.

John Greening', 2nd Va.

William Hardin, killed at Ninety-Six.

Bartlett Hawkins, pensioned.

Ambrose Howard, 9th Va.

Richard Marshall, pensioned by Act of Assembly.

Peter Massie, 5th Va.

Thomas Mitchell, Serg-eant, Cont. army, died in the service.

James Old, died 1821, in battles of Quebec and Ivong Island.

William Smith, died 1823, ag-ed 95, served against Indians, and in
Revolution.

John Snead, in Cont. army.

Kenneth Southerlin, State militia.

Daniel Tilman, died 1820, served at 16 ag'ainst Indians, and in Rev-
olution.

Applying for pensions under Act of Congress passed in 1818.

ENLISTED IN ALBEMARLE.

William Bailey, in Capt. Thomas Walker's Co., 9th Va., in battles of

Brunswick and Saratoga, discharged in Pa.
Joseph Brockman, in Capt. I^indman's Co., Col. Davies's Reg., in no

battle, discharged in Powhatan.
William Eastin, in Capt. Reuben Taylor's Co., Col. Moses Hazen's

Reg., in battles of Staten Island, Brandywine and Germantown,

discharged at Morristown, N. .1.
Nehemiah Greening, in Capt. Stribling's Co., Buford's Reg., at Fort

—24

370 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Motte, Ninety-Six and Kutavv Springs, discharg-ed at Salis-
bury, N. C.

Edward Hughes, in Capt. John Mark's Co., 1st Va., in battles of
Brandywine, Germantown and Guilford C. H.

Thomas Johnson, in Capt. Roger Thompson's Co., 2nd Va., in no
battle, discharged at Long Island, Holston River.

John Jones, in Capt. Winston's Co., Col. Charles Lewis's Reg., in
battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, discharged
at Middlebrook, N. J.

Sabrit King, in Capt. Robert Jouett's Co., 7th Va., in battle of Mon-
mouth.

Martin Mooney, in Capt. Fontaine's Co., 14th Va., and Capt. Wm.
Lewis's Co., Col. Cleveland's Reg., in battles of Long Bridge,
King's Mountain and Ninety-Six.

Richard Mooney, in Capt. John Mark's Co., 1st Va., in battles of
Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs, dis-
charged at Salisbury, N. C.

Samuel Munday, in Capt. Wm. Simms's Co., Col. Green's Reg., at
Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs, dis-
chai-ged at Salisbury, N. C.

Enlisted in other places, but residents of Albemarle after the war.

Humphrey Beckett, in Frederick County, Capt. Porterfield's Co., 11th

Va., in battles of Somerset, Amboy and Monmouth, discharged

in Frederick.
Thomas Burton, in Hanover County, Capt. Hurd's Co., Buford's Reg.,

in no battle, discharged in Fluvanna.
Youen Garden, in Cumberland County, under Lt. Benj. Garrett, Capt.

Baylor's Cavalry, and twenty months under Col. Washington,

discharged at Charleston, S. C.
John Grinstead, in Hanover County, Capt. Woodson's Co., Col.

Posey's Reg., at Savannah and Yorktown, discharged in Cum-
berland County.
Sabrit Hoy, in Culpeper County, Capt. Harrison's Co., 2nd Va., at

Cowpens, Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs,

discharged at Salisbury, N. C.
William Kirby, in Hanover County, Capt. Stribling's Co., Buford's

Reg., at Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs,

discharged at Salisbury, N. C.
Isaac Milliway, at Dover, Del., Capt. McCannon's Co., Col.

Vaughan's Reg., at Guilford C. H., Camden, Eutaw Springs,

where he was severly wounded, discharged at Dover.
George Norvell, in Capt. Richard C. Anderson's Co., Sth Va., at

Brandywine, Germantown and Yorktown, discharged at West

Point.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARI.E

371

Joseph Shepherd, at Fredericksburg, in Capt. John Wallace's Co., 3rd
Va.

Cephas Shickett, in Capt. John Stuart's Co., 1st Maryland, at Brandy-
wine and Germantown, discharged at Annapolis.

John Wm. Shube, in PhfTadelphia, in Pulaski's Corps, at Savannah,
Camden, Mount Scoota, and James Island, discharged at Smith-
field, Va.

John Smith, in Pennsylvania Artillery, Capt. Proctor, at Trenton,
with Gen. Clark down the Ohio in 1781, and one year with Gen.
Harmar, discharged at Fort Pitt.

William Turner, in Capt. Francis Taylor's Co., 2nd Va., at German-
town and Stony Point.

John Williams, in Brunswick County, Capt. John Overton's Co., 10th
Va., at Guilford C. H,, Eutaw Springs, and Yorktown, discharged
at Williamsburg,

PRIVATES IN STATE MII^ITIA,

Samuel Barksdale
Micajah Bo wen
William Boyd
Gideon Carr
Meekins Carr
John Collins
Major Dowell
James Dunn
George Gentry
James Gentry
Sharod Going
John Hall
Nathan Hall
George Hardin
William Harris
Richard Hill
Charles Huckstep
Richard Johnson

William Jordan

Adam Keblinger

Samuel McCord

Cornelius Maupin

Daniel Maupin

William Maupin

Jonathan Munday, at Yorktown

Ephraim Seamonds

Richard Snow, at Yorktown

Richard Spinner

John Spradling

David Strange, at Yorktown

John Taylor

Nathaniel Thacker

Absalom Thomas

John Thomas

Roger Thompson, at Yorktown

Micajah Wheeler

John Wood.

372

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

APPENDIX, No. 5.

Military Organization of the County.

It may be of interest to many to be informed in regard to the
military force of the county, the bodies of which it was composed,
and their officers, during- the period extending from 1794 to 1802.

Forty-Seventh Regiment, South of the Three Notched Road.

Colofiels.

Wilson C. Nicholas Samuel Murrell

1st Battauon.

Majors.

Samuel Murrell James Lewis

Captain.
Benj. Lacy
Edward Garland
Joseph Wingfield

Cornelius Schenk

William Leake
Walter Leake

William Tompkins
William Hopkins
John Staples

Samuel Shelton
Richard Pollard
John S. Farrar

1st company.

Lieut.
Thos. Hamner
Mart. Davenport
Charles Lacy

2nd company.
Christopher Wingfield
Thomas Carr Jr.
John T. Hawkins

3rd company.

Walter Leake
George Wharton

4th company.
Clifton Garland
Samuel Hopkins
Charles A. Scott
William Moon Jr.

IJGHT INFANTRY.

Lewis Nicholas
William Davenport
John S. Farrar
Walter Lacy

Ensign.
Mart. Davenport
Edward Garland
Stephen Lacy
Joseph Wingfield
Francis Wingfield

R. H. Allen
Thomas Carr Jr.
Charles Jouett
Thomas Wells Jr.

Walter Coles
George Wharton
Edward Thomas
Samuel Leake

John Scott Jr.
Samuel Hopkins
Turner Moon
William Moon Jr.
William Hamner

James Ming
Joseph Bishop
Joseph Coleman
N. A. Thompson

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

373

Samuel Carr

CAVALRY.

Thomas Divers

2nd Battalion.
Majors.

Georffe Gilmer

Cornet

Dabney Minor

John Jordon Edward Garland

Captain.
George Martin
William Wharton

Menan Mills
William Wood Jr.

James Brooks
Charles Yancey

James Lewis
Mica j ah Woods

Howell lyewis
Robert Garland

Clifton Garland
Charles Hudson

1st company.

Lieut.
William Wharton
Abraham Martin
James Watson

2nd company.
Francis Montgomery
William Wood Jr. -
John Field

3rd company.
Rice Garland
Michael Woods
Jechonias Yancey

4th company.
Tarleton Woodson
Benj. Buster

LIGHT INFANTRY.

Robert Garland

William Woods

y

LIGHT HORSE.
John Clarkson
Walter Coles .

Ensign.
Schuyler Harris
Bez. Maxwell Jr.'
Thomas Key ^^

John Piper
Clifton Rodes
Jesse Wood Jr.

Michael Woods
Charles Yancey
Ephraim Musick

Richard^Harrison
Mica j ah Woods
Tipton L^ewis

,_v ■
JohnjR. Kerr /^ ''
William Woods
John Gilliam
John P. Watson

Weatherston Shelton
Cornet

Eighty-Eighth Regiment, North of the Three Notched Road.

Colonels.

Thomas Bell Francis Walker

1st BATTALION.

Majors.

Robert Jouett James Simms

Francis Walker Robert Warner Lewis

374

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

\

Captain.
James Sinims
Achilles Dong-lass
Samuel Brockman

Joshua Key
Micajah Carr
Drury Wood

Wm. D. Meriwether
Charles B. Hunton
James B. Lindsay

Edward Moore
David Anders^on

Francis Walker
David Clarkson
Nimrod Bramham

Thomas S. Buster

1st company.

Lieut.
Achilles Douglass
Samuel Brockman
Ambrose Brockman
John Doug^lass

2nd company.
Micajah Carr
Drury Wood
John Sandridg-e

3rd company.
Charles B. Hunton
James B. Lindsay
Thomas Hunton

4th company.
William Crenshaw
John Henderson
Kemp Catlett

LIGHT INFANTRY.

David Clarkson
William Wirt
Nimrod Bramham
Madison Breedlove
George Martin

RIFLEMEN.

Reuben Lewis

Ensign.
Samuel Brockman
William Simms Jr.
Ambrose Brockman
John Douglass
William Smith

Drury Wood
George Gilmer
John Sandridge
Thomas Travillian

John Rogers
James G. Waddell
Thomas Hunton
Matthew Maury

John Henderson
David Anderson
Kemp Catlett
George W. Catlett

Thomas Walker Jr.
Robert W. Lewis
Ludlow Bramham
Madison Breedlove
George Martin
Reuben Herndon

Garland Brown

/

Henry Burke

2nd Battalion.

Majors.
John Wood Horsley Goodman
1st company.

Captain.
Wyatt Mills
Parmenas Rogers

John Wood
David Wood

Lieut.

Thomas Fretwell
Parmenas Rogers
Edmund Davis

2nd company.
David Wood
John Crenshaw
Thomas Wood

Ensign.
Parmenas Rogers
Matthew P. Walton

David Michie
Joseph Edmondson

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

375

William Jarmati
Brig-htberry Brown

Horsley Goodman
Thomas Garth Jr.

Matthew Rodes
E^lijah Garth

3kd company.
Brig-htberry Brown
John Rodes Jr.

4th company.
Thomas Garth Jr.
Joseph Goodman

T,IGHT INFANTRY.

Elijah Garth
Swauny Ferguson
William Thompson

John Rodes Jr.
Robert T. Brown
James Harris
Charles Brown

Joseph Goodman
John A. Michie
Alexander Garrett .

Nathan Harris
Swanny Ferguson
William Thompson
James Ballard

I<IGHT HORSE.

Thos. M. Randolph Peter Carr William Love, Cornet

Robert Jouett, Col. Artillery, 2nd Division

Colonels.
Charles Yancey, 1806
John vS. Farrar, 1815,
William Woods, S. 1817
Joseph Coffman, 1828
George W. Kinsolving, 1830
David Hays, 1832
William H. Brown, 1839
John H. Timberlake, 1860.

Subsequent Colonels.

FORTY-SEVENTH.

Lieut

Colonels.
John Coles

George W. Kinsolving
Michael Johnson
John R. Jones

Colonels.
Nimrod Bramham, 1806
Thomas W. Wood, 1814
David Carr, 1828
James O. Carr, 1829
John J. Bowcock, 1839

EIGHTY-EIGHTH.

Lieut. Colonels.

Jesse W. Garth
Isaac Simras
David Carr
Thomas Durrett

Joshua Fry
Peter Jefferson

APPENDIX, No. 6.

List of County Officers.

Magistrates.

1745.

Charles Lynch
Joseph Thompson

376

HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE

JS^illiam Cabell, M. D.
Allen Howard
James Daniel

Isaac Bates
Charles Lewis Jr.
Edmund Gray
Samuel Jordan
Valentine Wood

Date of
John Hunter
John Cobb
John Cannon
Robert Lewis
Nicholas Meriwether
John Lewis
Hudson Martin

Thomas Ballou
Edwin Hickman

1746.

David Lewis
John Reid
James Nevell
William Harris
John Anthony

Appointment Unknown.
Isaac Davis
Jesse Burton
Roger Thompson
Thomas Napier "^
Thomas Jefferson
William Leigh

Acting in 1783.

Nicholas Lewis
George Gilmer
Clifton Rodes
James Kerr ^(xJ^'^
James Quarles
-. James Garland
John Kej' u-
John Henderson
James Minor
Michael Thomas

Bezaleel Brown
Bernard Brown
William Clark
Thomas W. Lewis
George Divers
Thomas Garth
William Michie
Rice Garland

Charles Goodman
Samuel Black
Robert Davis
Charles Wingfield Jr.
Edward Moore
William Wardlaw

1791.

1794.

John Marks
James Marks
Bennett Henderson
Joshua Fry
David Rodes
Reuben Lindsay
John Piper
William Hughes
Henry Burke

Tandy Key '^'-
William D. Meriwether
Wilson C. Nicholas
Samuel Murrell
James Simms
Thomas Bell
Charles B. Hunton
Benjamin Harris

Joshua Key '^
Francis Walker
Benjamin Brown
Thomas M. Randolph
Thomas C. Fletcher

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

377

Achilles Doug-lass
Marshall Durrett

1795.
Garland Carr

1796.

Charles Yancey

1798.
James Monroe

John Watson
Christopher Hudson

David Wood
William Walker
David Anderson
Edward Garland
Nimrod Bramham

Dabney Minor
Martin Dawson
Samuel Carr
Clifton Garland

John R. Kerr -
John Harris
James Harris
James Old
John Rodes Jr.
Charles Everett -^

Matthew Rodes
Micaiah Woods
John Goss
William Woods, S.
Thomas W. Maury
William A. Harris
John M. Perry
Thos. Eston Randolph

Hug-h Nelson
William Moon
Opie Norris
Isaac Curd

1800.

1801.

1806.

1807.

1816.

1819.

Howell Lewis

Peter Carr
Charles A. Scott
Walter Coles .
Joel Harris
Isaac Miller

Garrett White
James Lewis
John Staples

Clifton Rodes
Jechonias Yancey
Parmenas Rogers
David J. Lewis
John A. Michie

Thomas W. Wood
Francis Carr
John Irvin
James Clark
Charles Brown
Joseph Coff man
James Michie

Allen Dawson
Thomas H. Brown
Charles Cocke
Robert Brooks

378

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Benjamin Ficklin
James Jarman
Richard Duke
Achilles Broadhead

Edmund Davis
John Pilson
John B, Hart

Henrj' White
Lewis Teel
Gill3' M. Lewis
John Morris

William A. Bibb

Chapman W. Maupin
John S. Cocke
Bezaleel Brown
Ira B. Brown
Carter H. Harrison

James Duke
James D. Watts
John J. Bowcock
Lilburn R. Railey
Nimrod Bramham Jr.
John S. Nicholas

John L. Thomas
Daniel E. Watson
William H. Harris

Georg-e W. Spooner
Robert H. Carter
Franklin Minor
Francis K. Nelson

John Cochran
John H. Timbcrlake
Alexander P. Abell
Matthew Blair

1824.

1830.

1832.

1835.

1838.

1838.

1841.

1843.

John R. Jones
William H. Dj-er
Thomas J. Randolph

John T. Holman
Mann Page^

William B. Harris
Daniel M. Railey
John W. Gantt
James Harris

James R. Watson

Charles Wingfield
John Coles Carter
John D. Moon
William S. Dabney
John A. G. Davis

W. C. Nicholas
Thomas Macon
Thomas Garland
Gabriel S. Harper
William C. Adams
William D. Hart

M. Iv. Anderson
John W. Goss
M. L. Walker

Nicholas M. Page
John Tyler
Alonzo Gooch
James W. Goss

Thomas C. Bowea_
Thomas R. Dunn
William F. Gooch
D. J. Hartsook

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

379

1846.

Benj. F. Randolph
Robert B. Moon
John E. Roberts

Austin M. Appling-
Marcus Durrett
James E. Chapman

The following- were recommended, but not appointed, as the new
Constitution, about to g-o into effect, made the ofifice elective.

Stokes Tunstall
James Durrett
William W. Minor
Samuel G. Burnley
Edwin B, Brown
Carter H. Pag-e

ATTORNEYS FOR

1745. Edmund Gray

1746. Gideon Marr
1783. John Walker
1801. Dabney Carr

1811. Joseph J. Monroe

1812. William F. Gordon

1813. Jesse W. Garth

1818. Jonathan Boucher Carr

1850.

James C. Carter
Paul H. Goodloe
James L. Dunn
R. W. N. Noland
John T. Randolph

THE COMMONWEAI^TH.

1829. Valentine W. Southall
1852. William J. Robertson
1858. R. T. W. Duke

1865, Egbert R. Watson

1866. R, T. W. Duke

1869. William F. Worthington

1870. R. T. W. Duke

1870. Mica j ah Woods

1745.
1747.
1749.
1751.
1753.
1755.
1757.

1781.
1783.
1785.
1787.
1789.
1791.
1793.
1795.
1797.
1799.

Joseph Thompson
Edwin Hickman
Charles Eynch
James Daniel
Samuel Jordan
John Reid
John Hunter
Nicholas Lewis
David Rodes
John Henderson
James Quarles
Clifton Rodes
John Marks
Georg-e Gilmer
Michael Thomas
James Garland"-^
James Kerr
John Key "^
William Huijhes
Samuel Murrell

SHERIFFS.

1807. Thomas Garth

1809. Tandy Key

1811. Rice Garland

1813. Charles B. Hunton

1815. Benjamin Harris

1817. Robert Davis

1819. Charles Wingfiield Jr.

1819. Marshall Durrett

1821. Charles Yancey

1823. Achilles Doug-lass

1825. John Watson

1828. William D. Meriwether

1830. Garrett White

1832. John Rodes

1834. Parmenas Rogers

1836. Micajah Woods

1837. William Woods, S,
1839. Francis Carr
1841. Charles Brown
1843. James Michie

380

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

1801. William D. Meriwether
1803. William Michie
1805. Bezaleel Brown

1792. Georg^e Bruce
1801. Thomas Wells
1806. Triplett T. Estes

1810. Elijah Garth

1811. William Watson
1828. Joel W. Brown
1832. William Watson
1841. James A. Watson
1849. William Summerson

1845. Benjamin Ficklin
1847. Richard Duke
1849. Thomas H. Brown
1851. Charles Cocke

JAII^ORS.

1851. Washington Chiles

1855. William C. Walstrum

1856. Orange S. Peterson
1859. Allen Bacon

1870. William C. Walstrum
1875. Allen Bacon
1879. William G. Wright
1885. John G. Martin

Edmund Gray
Gideon Marr
James Meredith
William Battersbv

ATTORNEYS OF THE AL,BEMARI.E BAR.

1745.

Clement Read
Thomas Prestwood
Obadiah Marriott
John Harvie

1783.

John Walker
Thomas Miller
W. Sidney Crawford
George Nicholas
John Breckinridge

V^l

1791.

bhn Rice Kerr
Robert Ware Peacock
William Waller Hening
Peter Carr
Walter Eeake

William Wirt
James McCampbell
Fleming Payne

Joseph Holt Irvin
Austin lycake
Matthew Gooch
Jesse Wharton

Charles Jouett

1794.

1796.

1798.

Robert Jouett
John Allen
William McDowell
John Carr

John Shackelford
Joseph J. Monroe
David Bullock
Alexander Stuart
Richard Bruce

James Barbour Jr.
William Cabell

Dabney Carr
Reuben Thornton
Samuel E. Crawford

George Poindexter

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

381

Philip Gooch
William I^ee Harris
David Michie

James G. Waddell
Joseph Ferg-uson
Frederick Harris
Richard C. Johnson
Robert Michie
David Watson
Benjamin Brown
William Buckner
Francis Johnson ,

Patrick Rose

Robert Anderson
Thomas T. Jones
Thomas R. Whitlock
John S. Wood
i Clifton Garland

Henry White
John M. Martin
William Ta3'lor
Jonathan B. Carr
James Forbes
John Timberlake

Archibald Austin
Valentine W. Southall
Briscoe G. Baldwin

George Booker
John L. Marye
Charles Downing-

Aug-ustine G. Monroe
Francis B. Dyer

William H. Meriwether
Joseph M. White
James Barbour
James H. Simison

1800.

1806.

1809.

1813.

1815.

1817.

1820.

William Aylett
Thomas Clark-

William W. Irvin
William Clark
Isaac A. Coles
Thomas W. Maury
Hugh Nelson
Philip P. Barbour
Hudson M. Garland
Peachy R. Gilmer
Edward C. Stanard
William White

Robert Mallory
Robert Garland
James Garland
Henry T. Harris

William F. Gordon
James Crawford
Jesse Winston Garth
John S. Barbour
John N. Nicholas

Garrett M. Quarles
Walter L,. Fontaine
Richard H. Field

William Kinney
Thomas Clark

Rice Garland Jr.
Fdward J. Magruder

John Ormond
David Irvin
William C. Rives
George Carr

382

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Chapman Johnson
Rice W. Wood
Grandison Moseley
Franklin Stanard
John Wilson
Thomas W. Gilmer
George M. Payne
Daniel G. Morrell
Edgar Macon

Chesley Kinney
Peyton Harrison
Hugh P. Taylor
Robert S. Brooke
Thomas J. Michie
Alexander Clayton
Nicholas P. Trist
Eston Stanard
Alexander Rives

John W. C. Watson
Eucian Minor
William B. Napton
Egbert R. Watson
Thomas Wood
William D. Hart
John Forbes Jr.
John T. Craig
Alexander Moseley
Hugh A. Garland
Peachy R. Grattan
William Tompkins

James L. Gordon
Hudson S. Garland
John Hill
Franklin Minor
William W. Minor
Benj. J. Darneille
Peter Carr

Thomas T. Hill
George W. Randolph
Stephen O. Southall

1825.

John B. Spiece
Joseph Mills Jr.
^"William McCord Jr.
Thomas C. Gordon
George Robertson
Thomas G. Garth
William Kingsley
William R. Mills
William Wertenbaker

Calvin L. Perry
Thomas J. Boyd
James W. Saunders
Robert H. Carter
Daniel Perrow
Benjamin H. Magruder
Wilson M. Cary
Nathaniel Wolfe

1830.

1835.

1840.

Sterling Claiborne

James P. Henderson

Burwell Garth

John C. R. Taylor

John H. Gilmer

William H. Brockenbrough

John W. Stevenson

William M. Randolph

James E. Carr

John B. Minor

Thomas E. Preston

William O. Maupin
Hiram W. Dawson
Shelton F. Eeake
James C. Halsall
Angus R. Blakey
Allen B. Magruder

William J. Robertson
R. W. N. Noland
Paul H. Goodloe

HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLE

383

George W. Trueheart
Smith P. Bankhead
Eugene Davis

J. D. Imboden
Clayton C. Harris
Francis W. Rives
William C. Rives Jr.
Reuben L. Gordon
William J. Shelton
Robert W. Poore
John L. Cochran

R. T. W. Duke
William F. Gordon Jr.
James D. Jones

John B. Gilmer
John S. Mosby
William H. Crank'
John B. Peyton

R. R. Prentis
Joel Miller
Thomas S. Martin

John B. Moon "
Howe Y. Peyton
George Perkins
Louis T. Hanckel
Bennett Taylor
W. E. Bibb
Jefferson R. Taylor
W. O. Fry

Thomas N. Page
W. H. Boaz
Walter D. Dabney

James Blakey
Samuel B. Woods
James L,. Gordon

William M. Lile
C. D. Shackelford

1845.

Drury Wood
Thomas T. Tutwiler
John R. Tucker

Alexander H. Michie
William M. Wade
Roger A. Pryor
N. H. Massie
St. George Tucker
William T. McCarty
James C. Southall

1850.

1855.

S. V. Southall
Burwell W. Snead
William M. Morris

Isaac A. Moon
George P. Hughes
M. Iv. Randolph

1859.
Charles Wood

1865.

1870.

1875.

1880.

1885.

Micajah Woods
Camm Patterson
James G. Field

T. L. Michie

J. W. Fitz

J. R Wingfield

J. M. McBryde

Robert Sampson

R. T. W. Duke Jr.

Shelton F. Leake Jr.

Robert H. Wood
Frank Gilmer
George W. Morris

Z. J. Blakey

J. Samuel McCue

Daniel Harmon

F. A. Massie

384

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

APPENDIX, No. 7.

Representatives of Albemarle in the House of Burg-esses, and IvCg--
islature.

1748. Charles Lynch

1755. Peter Jefferson

1756. Peter Jefferson, Allen Howard

1757. John Nicholas, William Cabell

1758. John Nicholas, William Cabell

1759. Allen Howard, William Cabell Jr.
1761. Allen Howard, William Cabell Jr.
1765. John Harvie

1767. Thomas Walker, Edward Carter

1768. Thomas Walker, Edward Carter

1769. Thomas Walker, Edward Carter

1770. Thomas Walker, Thomas Jefferson

1771. Thomas Walker, Thomas Jefferson

1772. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker

1773. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker

1774. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker

1775. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker
1777. Thomas Jefferson, Charles Eewis
1779. Thomas Jefferson, Georg-e Gilmer

1785. W. C. Nicholas, Edward Carter

1786. W. C. Nicholas, Joshua Pry
1788. Georg-e Nicholas, Edward Carter
1793. William Clark, Edward Moore

1795. W. C. Nicholas, Edward Moore

1796. W. C. Nicholas, Edward Moore

1797. W. C. Nicholas, Joseph J. Monroe

1798. W. C. Nicholas, Francis Walker
1800. W. C. Nicholas, Francis Walker

1805. Walter Leake, W. W. Hening

1806. W. W. Hening, Joel Yancey

1808. Hugh Nelson, Peter Carr

1809. Hugh Nelson, Rice Garland

1811. James Monroe, Tucker Coles

1812. Nimrod Bramham
1814. Charles Everett, Jesse W. Garth
1816. Thomas W. Maury, Charles Yancey
1818. Dabney Minor, Jesse W. Garth
1819 Samuel Carr, William F. Gordon

1820. William F. Gordon, Charles Everett

1821. Charles Everett, Charles Cocke

1822. William F. Gordon, William C. Rives

1824. William F. Gordon, T. M. Randolph

1825. William F. Gordon, Rice W. Wood

SENATE.
William Cabell
William Cabell
Joseph Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Nicholas Cabell
Charles Yancey
William B. Hare
William B. Hare
William B. Hare
Joseph C. Cabell

Joseph C.
Joseph C.
Joseph C.
Joseph C.
Joseph C.
Joseph C.
Joseph C.
Joseph C.
Joseph C.

Cabell
Cabell
Cabell
Cabell
Cabell
Cabell
Cabell
Cabell
Cabell

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

'385

1826. William F. Gordon, Rice W. Wood

1827. William F. Gordon, Charles Cocke

1828. William F. Gordon, Charles Cocke

1829. William F. Gordon, Hugh Nelson

1830. Thomas W. Gilmer, Rice W. Wood

1831. Thomas W. Gilmer, Rice W. Wood

1832. Rice W. Wood, Thomas J. Randolph

1833. Thomas J. Randolph, T. W. Gilmer
1835. Thomas J. Randolph, Alexander Rives Charles Cocke
1837. Thomas J. Randolph, Alexander Rives Samuel Carr

Joseph C. Cabell
Joseph C. Cabell
Joseph C. Cabell
Joseph C. Cabell
William F. Gordon
Charles Cocke
Charles Cocke
Charles Cocke

1839. Thomas W. Gilmer, V. W. Southall

1840. Thomas W. Gilmer, V. W. Southall

1841. V. W. Southall, Isaac A. Coles

1842. V. W. Southall, Isaac A. Coles

1843. T. J. Randolph, Shelton F. Leake

1844. V. W. Southall, Bezaleel Brown

1845. V. W. Southall, Bezaleel Brown

1846. V W. Southall, Bezaleel Brown

1847. Bezaleel Brown, William D. Hart

1848. William D. Hart, Egbert R. Watson

1849. William D. Hart, Egbert R. Watson
1851. John J. Bowcock, Charles Carter

1853. Alexander Rives

1854. John W. Goss, James W. Mason

1855. John W. Goss

1856. Thomas Wood, William T. Early

1857. Thomas Wood, William T. Early
1858., John J, Bowcock, Benj. H. Magruder

1859. .Tohn J. Bowcock, Benj. H. Magruder

1860. Benj. H. Magruder, William Garth

1863. Benj. H. Magruder, Franklin Minor

1864. Benj. H. Magruder, William A. Branch William D. Hart

1865. Benj. H. Magruder, William A. Branch William D. Hart

1866. John Wood Jr., William A. Turner James Gait

1867. John Wood Jr., William A. Turner James Gait

1868. John Wood Jr., William A. Turner James Gait
1870-1. S. V. Southall, J. C. Hill, J. D. Jones Robert C. Beazley
1872-3. J. C. Hill, G. B. Stephens, J. A. Early Robert C. Beazley
1874-5. Benj. H. Magruder, John E. Mas- Robert C. Beazley

sey, Richard G. Crank
1876-7. JohnE. Massey, Richard G. Crank,

Thomas M. Dunn
1878-9. Richard G. Crank, T. L. Michie,

J. Massie Smith
1880-1. R. T. W. Duke, T. L. Michie
1882-3. Thomas M. Dunn, John B. Moon
—25

Samuel Carr
Charles Cocke
Charles Cocke
Charles Cocke
Charles Cocke
John Thompson Jr.
John Thompson Jr.
John Thompson Jr.
John Thompson Jr.
John Thompson Jr.
John Thompson Jr.
John Thompson Jr.
Egbert R. Watson
Benj. F. Randolph
Benj. F. Randolph
Benj. F. Randolph
Benj. F. Randolph
Alexander Rives
Alexander Rives
Alexander Rives
William D. Hart

Robert C. Beazley

John E. Massey

Everett T. Early
J. R. Wingfield

385 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

APPENDIX, No. 8.
Emigrants from Albemarle to Other States.

NORTH CAROWNA.

Samuel Bell, Orange Co.

Alexander Montgomery, Orange Co.

John Wright, Orange Co.

John Campbell, Orange Co.

Obadiah Martin, Orange Co.

Josiah and Martha (Daniel) Brown, Orange Co. •--■

James Glenn, Surry Co.

William Burrus, Surry Co.

David Novvlin, Surry Co.

Samuel and John Boyd, Surry Co.

Robert Harris, Surry Co.

Thomas Burrus, Surry Co. \

'i William Bruce, Surry Co.

Davis and Elizabeth Durrett, Surry Co.

Samuel and William Stockton, Rutherford Co.

Ann (Lewis) Willis, Rutherford Co.

bavid Lewis Jr., Rutherford Co.

Eli and Daniel Melton, Rutherford Co.

William and Mary (Melton) Jones, Rutherford Co.

William T. Lewis, Wilkes Co.

John Hamman, Wilkes Co.

Robert Ayres, Wilkes Co.

Richard Blalock, Cumberland Co.

John Geer, Johnson Co.

John Graves, Rowan Co.

Henry Tilley

Thomas Carlton

Joseph Phillips

Churchill Jackson, Burke Co.

Matthew Mills, Guilford Co.

Jesse Gentry, Washington Co.

David and Susan Dal ton, Stokes Co.

Micajah and Elizabeth Allen, Stokes Co.

Rice Garland Jr., Leakesville.

Nancy (Daniel) Graves, Caswell Co.

Samuel Daniel, (iraiiville Co.

Thomas D. Burch, Wake Co.

James K. Hurch, Wake Co.
>David S. Napier, Walker Co.

GEORGIA.
John Thornton, Augusta Co.
James and John Marks, Wilkes Co.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 387

Richard and Daniel Harvie, Wilkes Co.

William and Judith (Cosby) Harvie, Wilkes Co.

John and Marg-aret (Harvie) Davenport, Wilkes Co.

David and Mary (Harvie) Meriwether, Wilkes Co.

Richard and Jane (I^ewis) Davenport, Wilkes Co.

John and Mary (Davidson) Forlaw, Washington Co.

Fleming Jordan, Oglethorpe Co.

Thomas Kennerly -^

William Spears

Mary Taylor

William B. and Mourning (Clark) Key, Elbert Co.

John Hamner, Wilkes Co.

Jeremiah Hamner, Greene Co.

KENTUCKY.
John and Elizabeth (Lewis) Martin, Fayette Co.
John and Mary (Cabell) Breckinridge, Fayette Co.
Vincent and Mary (Rozell) Stephens, Fayette Co.
John T. and Lucy Hawkins, Faj'ette Co.
Charles and Dorcas (Black) Patrick, Fayette Co.
Samuel Hughes WoodsOn, Jessamine Co.
Nathan Dedman, Jessamine Co.
Michael and Ann Wallace, Madison Co.
William Briscoe, Madison Co.
Thomas Collins, Madison Co.
Evan and Lucy (Coleman) Watson, Madison Co.
Daniel and Frances Maupin, Madison Co.
Robert Rodes, Madison Co.

Richard and Jane (Harris) Gentry, Madison Co.
Josiah and Nancy (Mullins) Gentry, Madison Co.
Austin Gentry, Madison Co.

Edward and Elizabeth (Gentry) Ballard, Madison Co.
Bernard Franklin, Madison Co.
Henry and Elizabeth (Ewell) Carr, Madison Co.
James Goodman, Madison Co.
John Mansfield, Madison Co.
Charles Atkisson, Madison Co.
Samuel Wallace, Madison Co.
Thomas and Nancy Kindred, Madison Co.
William Kindred, Madison Co.
Ephraim and Winifred Musick, Madison Co.
Archibald and Mourning (Shelton) Woods, Madison Co.
Richard and Elizabeth (Shelton) Mobbery, Madison Co.
Joshua Morris, Shelby Co.

William and Charity (Burgher) Hays, Shelby Co.
Joseph Hornsby, Shelby Co.

388 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Elizabeth (Ivewis) Henderson's family, Shelby Co.
Flint H. Goodridg-e, Shelby Co.'- '
Barzillai Brown, Shelby Co.
Nathaniel Haggard, Clark Co.
Dabnej' and Ivucy Hag-gard, Clark Co.
Robert Grimes, Clark Co.
Hasting-s Marks, Clark Co.

John W. and Elizabeth (Marks) Hinde, Clark Co.
James and Benajah Gentry, Clark Co.
Charles and Jane (Lewis) Hudson, Barren Co.
Hardin Davis, Barren Co.

Joel and Martha (Rodes) Yancey, Barren Co.
_Walter Crenshaw, Barren Co.
Elizabeth W. Watts, Barren Co.
Elijah and Benjamin Davis, Barren Co.
Jonathan and Susan (Wood) Boiling-, Barren Co.
William J. and Elizabeth Wood, Barren Co.
John and Elizabeth (Wood) Clack, Barren Co.
Bennett H. Henderson, Barren Co.
Clifton and Elizabeth (Jouett) Rodes, Barren Co.
David and Elizabeth (Crenshaw) Watts, Barren Co.
Samuel and Susan Murrell, Barren Co.
James and Martha (Humphreys) Foster, Barren Co.
Cornelius and Sarah Gilliam, Barren Co.
James and Mary (Garland) Woods, Garrard Co.
Thomas Rothwell, Garrard Co.
Georg-e and Jane (Newcomb) Naylor, Garrard Co.
Asa and Elizabeth (Naylor) Storms, Garrard Co.
Pleasant Sandridg-e, Green Co.
John and Mary (Wood) Sandridg-e, Green Co.
Peter A. and Eucinda Hall, Green Co.
Garnett and Harriet (Smith) Ing-ram, Green Co.
Thomas J. Smith, Green Co.
Burton W. Carr, Green Co.
James and Susan Pag-e, Adair Co.
Robert and Maria Pag-e, Adair Co.
Samuel and Mary (Smith) Pag-e, Adair Co.
Sherod and Mary (Pag-e) Griffin, Adair Co.
Burg-ess and Jane (Pag-e) Griffin, Adair Co.
John P. and Elizabeth Smith, Adair Co.
John and Mary (Smith) Massie, Adair Co.
John and Rebecca Terrell, Greenup Co.
Henry Gaines, Greenup Co.
John and Sarah Garth, Scott Co.
John Herndon, Scott Co.
William Kerr, Scott Co.

HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 389

Joseph and Mary (Rodes) Burch, Scott Co.
John and Rachel Sharp, Henry Co.
Isaac and Susan (Fitz) Sharp, Henry Co.
John and Frances (Sharp) Kelly, Henry Co.
James and Catharine (Goodridg-e) Burton, Henry Co.
"William Clarkson, Bourbon Co.
Kenza and Sarah (Watts) Stone, Bourbon Co.
James Stone, Bourbon Co.
Blizabeth and Moses Brockman, Boone Co.
John Rogers, Boone Co.
Elijah Lucas, Boone Co.
William Dollins, Boone Co.
Isaac Wood, Hardin Co.
John Davidson, Hardin Co.
Reuben and Georg-e Turner, Pendleton Co.
Isaac and Mary (I^ewis) Miller, Jefferson Co.
Temple and Ann (Marks) Gwathmey, Jefferson Co.
Richard and Harriet (Beale) Maupin, Jefferson Co.
Nathaniel G. Carr, Jefferson Co.
Robert and Mary (Rodes) Doug-lass, Jefferson Co.
Moses J. and Matilda Moore, Jefferson Co.
Henry and George Garrett, Montgomery Co.
John and Martha (Key) White, Montgomery Co.-^
Elisha D. and L^ucy (Wood) Gilliam, Christian Co.
Mildred Flint, Christian Co.
Tandy Brockman, Christian Co.
Jesse Grady, Christian Co.
Samuel Hopkins, Christian Co.
Dr. Alfred Wood's family. Christian Co.
William and Martha (Moon) Vires, Mason Co.
Giles and Janet (Boyd) Allegre, Mason Co.
John B. Wheeler, Mason Co.
Charles McGehee, Mason Co.
John Jouett, Bath Co.

Abraham and Mildred (Burrus) Jones, Bath Co.
-"Thomas Burrus, Allen Co.
John and Frances (Henderson) Hines, Allen Co.
William T. Henderson, Allen Co.
Nicholas Burgher, Estill Co.
William and Arthur Tooley, Monroe Co.
James and Elizabeth (Tooley) Gentry, Monroe Co.
Thomas and Nancy (Old) Eubank, Monroe Co.
David and Dorothy (Rodes) Kerr, Warren Co.
Joseph Burgher, Warren Co.
William Wood Jr. , Warren Co.
Josiah and Jane Huntsman, Lincoln Co.

390 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Sarah (Wood) Gooch, Ivincoln Co.

Fontaine Reynolds, Ivincoln Co.

Robert and Ag-atha (Tw3nnan) Dearing", Franklin Co.

Travis and Elizabeth (Carver) Brown, Franklin Co.

Joseph M. White, Franklin Co.

Moses and Ann (Dedman) Clack, Fleming- Co.

Samuel Burch's family, Fleming- Co.

James and Lucy Fitzpatrick, Casey Co.

George and Mary Fitzpatrick, Pulaski Co.

James W. and Mary (Kinsolving-) Leig-h, Caldwell Co.

James and Margaret (Brown) Kinsolving, Caldwell Co.

Matthew Gooch, Caldwell Co.

John Thomas, Cumberland Co.

Jesse and Elizabeth (Hopkins) Haden, Cumberland Co.

John and Ann (Bailey) Gilliam, IvOgan Co.

John N. Hopkins, Logan Co.

Bennett D. Ballard, Todd Co.

Paschal and Catharine (Wayt) Garth, Todd Co.

Wilson Munday, Todd Co.

Thomas Kimbrough, Todd Co.

Thomas and Lucy (Carver) Broadhead, Todd Co.

Thomas and Margaret Gay, Washington Co.

Reuben and Jane Dowell, Wayne Co.

Rodes Garth, Wayne Co.

John and Mary Burks, Grant Co.

William and Joanna (Shepherd) Woods, Livingston Co.

David Woods, Livingston Co.

Henry and Susan (Woods) Williams, Livingston Co.

Ann M. and Martha C. Lewis, Livingston Co.

Washington and Lucy (Lewis) Griffin. Livingston Co.

William Jones, Livingston Co.

William Carver, Livingston Co.

William and Nancy Cunningham, Trigg Co.

William and Mildred (Rodes) Walden, Trigg Co.

David J. and Martha Lewis, Breckinridge Co.

Jacob and Ann (Shelton) Powers, Harrison Co.

Anderson Garland's family, Lewis Co.

Reuben and Lucy Clarkson, Meade Co.

David Thomson, Woodford Co.

Goodloe and Mary (Crenshaw) Carter, Woodford Co.

David and Ruth (Twyman) Watts, Woodford Co.

Joshua and Peachy (Walker) Fry, Boyle Co.

John and Ann (Rodes) Garth

Thomas Upton

George and Mary (Smith) Nicholas

Clifton and Sarah (Waller) Rodes

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 391

Josiah and Hannah Wallace
Tucker M. and Maria E. (Hudson) Woodson
^-^anles Kerr

John Rice and Sarah (Henderson) Kerr

John Smith

Robert L. Slaughter

Robert Brooks

Nathan and Mildred (Clarkson) Goodman

Anselm Clarkson

Nicholas L. Gooch

John and Sarah McWilliams

TENNESSEE.
John Jameson, Bedford Co.
Bland Maupin, Bedford Co.
Richard Moon Jr., Bledsoe Co.
William and Nancy (Alphin) Fagg, Blount Co.
Jane (Alphin) Owen, Blount Co.

Samuel and L,ucinda (Farrar) Wharton, Davidson Co.
George and Elizabeth (Farrar) Wharton, Davidson Co.
Jacob and Sarah (Lewis) Tilman, Davidson Co.
Henry Kirby, Davidson Co.
Samuel and Austin Hamner, Davidson Co.
Edward Stone, Davidson Co.
Nathan and Mary Blain, Fayette Co.
• William N. and Mary (Bates) Oliver, Fayette Co.
James and Eucy (Thomas) Lewis, Franklin Co.
James Woods, Franklin Co.
Dyer and Mary (Lewis) Moore, Franklin Co.
Lawrence T. Catlett, Franklin Co.
Tyree Rodes, Giles Co.
John Shiflett, Hawkins Co.

James and Frances (Allen) Wood, Hardeman Co.
David and Lucy (Duke) Wood, Hardeman Co.
William, George and Fendall Wood, Hardeman Co.
Robert and Mary (Wood) Durrett, Hardeman Co.
James D. and Martha (Wood) Allen, Hardeman Co. ^
Fendall and Ann (Royster) Thurman, Hardeman Co.
Gideon Carr, Dickson Co.

Meekins and Mary (Hamner) Carr, Dickson Co.
John B. and Susan (Hamner) Carr, Dickson Co.
Aaron Gentry, Knox Co.
Elijah and Sarah Dowell, Knox Co.
Peter Ogg, Knox Co.

James S. and Frances (Harris) Blades, Madison Co.
Isaac B. Hardin, Maury Co.

392 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

John H. and Calvin M. Smith, Maury Co.

Nathan Harris, Monroe Co.

Dr. Charles Meriwether, Montg-omery Co.

Alexander and Mary W. (Thomas) Clayton, Montgomery Co.

Nicholas L. and Ellen Thomas, Montgomery Co.

Charles L. and Margaret Thomas, Montgomery Co.

John J. and Lucy (Quarles) Thomas, Montgomery Co.

Frances (Thomas) Hart, Montgomery Co.

Nathaniel Anderson, Memphis

John and Elizabeth (Burrus) Davis, Overton Co.

Gideon and Elizabeth (Hardin) Morgan, Roane Co.

Lewis C. Anthony, Rutherford Co.

Strother and John Winn Key, Sumner Co.

Robert McClary, Sumner Co.

John Davidson, Sumner Co.

Thomas Jones, Sumner Co.

Alexander Duff Gordon, Sumner Co.

Reuben D. and Robert T. Brown, Sumner Co.

Micajah Clark, Sumner Co.

Roland and Nancy Horsley, Sumner Co.

"William and Lucy Nimmo, Sumner Co.

Thomas Meadow, Sumner Co.

William and Elizabeth Smith, Sumner Co.

Abraham Martin, Sumner Co.

Taverner and Mary (Edwards) Head, Sumner Co.

Nicholas L. and Ann Wood, Tipton Co.

Thomas G. Watkins, Washington Co.

Randolph and Elizabeth Turner, White Co.

Thomas Carr, Wilson Co.

John R. and Margaret (McKesson) Campbell, Nashville

George and Elizabeth (Buster) Moore

Dr. Lachlan McLean

Andrew McWillJaras

MISSOURI.
Samuel L. Hart, Callaway Co.
Samuel and Robert Dyer, Callaway Co.
Thomas McCuUoch, Howard Co.
D. Douglass, Howard Co.
Thomas Fitzpatrick, Washington Co.
Joseph T. Monroe, Franklin Co.

Edward Blair and Harriet (Monroe) Cabell, Chariton Co.
John A. and James Woods, Marion Co.
Samuel and Sarah E. (Rodes) Woods, Marion Co.
Joel R. Maupin, Marion Co.
Jonathan A. J. Bishop, Marion Co.
Rice and Elizabeth Wood, Saline Co.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E 393

John and Adeline Piper, Saline Co.

Robert and Nancy Field, Saline Co.

John A. and Elizabeth (Durrett) Diuikum, Saline Co.

Benjamin and T. (Pemberton) Durrett, Saline Co.

Henry and Ehnira Keister, Saline Co. ,

Eli and Nancy Keister, Saline Co.

Samuel Keister, Saline Co.

Isaac and Elizabeth (Keister) Stone, Boone Co.

Georg-e and Mary Glenn, Monroe Co.

Elizabeth (Meriwether) Eewis, Lincoln Co.

N. H. and Ann (Meriwether) Lewis, Lincoln Co.

James and Margaret (Lewis) Clark, Lincoln Co.

Thomas and Emeline (Weimer) Lewis, Lincoln Co.

Charles and Mary (Quarles) Lewis, Lincoln Co.

Elizabeth (Lewis) Wells, Lincoln Co.

John W. and Alice (Lewis) Davis, Lincoln Co.

Jonathan B. and Barbara (Carr) Carr, Lincoln Co.

Achilles and Mary (Carr) Broadhead, Lincoln Co.

Peter and Lydia L. (Lewis) Carr, Lincoln Co.

John and Julia (Thurmond) Damron, Lincoln Co.

Boiling- and Mildred Smith, Lincoln Co.

Elijah and Martha (Gentry> Dawson, Callaway Co.

William Adams, Jackson Co.

Pleasant Adams, Clay Co.

Dawson Adams, Ray Co.

Joseph Harper, Daviess Co.

Nathaniel and Langdon Bacon, St. Louis

Charles W. and Mary (Harrison) Maupin, St. Louis

Colin Johnson

John M. and Frances Perry

Talbot and Eliza (Kelly) Bragg

William L. Wood

Crenshaw and Sarah (Austin) White

John Duggins

ALABAMA.

Jesse Winston Garth

Pleasant P. Boyd

Nimrod and Martha (Hamner) Hendricks, Tuscaloosa

Nathaniel Ragland, Madison Co.

Joab Watson, Madison Co. /

Jeremiah Gilliam, Limestone Co.

John Hudson, Limestone Co.

John N. Rose, Mobile

Richard McLeod, Mobile

Hardin P. Lewis

394 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

MISSISSIPPI.
John and Nancy Dawson
Nelson Hardin
"William and Burr Garland

John W. C. and Catharine (Davis) Watson, Holly Springs
William M. Woods's family
William and Helen (Alexander) Morris

LOUISIANA.
Joseph Brand, New Orleans
William White, New Orleans
Gideon Fitz, St. L,andry

FLORIDA.
William H. Brockenbroiigh
Charles Downing-
William and Sarah (Strange) Stockton

ARKANSAS.

Walter T. Dabney

OHIO.

James and Mary (Woods) Garth

William and Elizabeth (Davis) Irvin, L^ancaster

Thomas Irvin, Lancaster

Martin and Mildred Dawson, Gallia Co.

Andrew J. Humphreys, Logan Co.

John Wiant, Champaign Co.

John and Sarah Garrison, Preble Co.

Joseph and Agnes (Garrison) Waggoner, Preble Co.

John and Frances (Garrison) Trent, Preble Co.

Christopher and Jacob Bartley, Pickaway Co.

Peter West, Pickaway Co.

Daniel and Elizabeth Pence, Pickaway Co.

Wile3' Beckett, Pickaway Co.

John Mundell, Pickaway Co.

James H. and Ann (Burnley) Burnley, Pickaway Co.

Joel Burnley, Pickaway Co.

John and Elizabeth (Wertenbaker) Walker, Pickaway Co.

Isaac W. Durrett, Pickaway Co.

INDIANA.

John and Elizabeth (Woods) Humphrey, Parke Co.
Jacob and Elizabeth (Sharp) Razor, Jefferson Co.
John T. and Mary (Jeffries) Bishop, Dearborn Co.
Benjamin and Rachel Norvell, Franklin Co.
John Dollins, Harrison Co.
Susan (Dollins) Poison, Washington Co.

HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E

395

IIvI^INOIS.

William B. and Nancy (Kinsolving) Wood, Washing-ton Co.
William L. and Ellen (Craven) Craven, Morgan Co.
Dr. William A. Harris

Nicholas Meriwether

Matthew Jouett

Charles Hudson

Richard Damron
William Phelps

John Tooley

Andrew Reid

Arthur Osborne
Abner Abney
James Nevell

Charles Lynch
Samuel Birk

James Ireland

Robert White

Robert McNeely

Arthur McDaniel

James McCann

John Cocke

James Daniel
Davis Stockton

William Morrison

APPENDIX, No. 9.

NECROLOGY.

1744.

1745.
Charles Blaney
1748.

1749.
Robert Baber

1750.
Robert Hamner

1751.
Rev. Robert Rose

1752.
Mark Lively
Edward Maxwell
David Reese

1753.
Andrew Brown
Samuel Birk Jr.

1754.
Thomas McDaniel

1755.

1756.

1757.
Peter Jefferson -

1758.
Henry Martin

1759.
Joseph Thompson

1760.
William Horsley

1761.
Thomas Cobb

Lazarus Damron

James Williamson

Benjamin Franklin

James Robertson
John Henderson

Thomas Goolsby

Joshua Fry

James McCord

396

HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE

Benjamin Brown
Michael Woods

James Kinkead

William Fitzpatrick
David Mills

' Robert Harris
Charles Smith

Michael Doug-herty
William Wallace

David Watts

John Harvie

Rev. James Maury

Edwin Hickman

Rev. Samuel Black

John Hammock

Andrew McWilliams
William Venable

James Wharey

Micajah Clark
Joseph Kinkead
Thomas Tindal

John CofTev
Richard Stockton

James Mayo

y William Harris

John Moran

Georj^e Martin
William Garland'

1762.
Joseph Martin
William Mabe

1763.
Larkin Smith

1764.
Peter Lyon
Abraham Childress

1765. ^
Joseph Thompson

1766.
Arthur Hopkins
Thomas Sowell ■

1767.
Timothy Dalton

1768.
John Hudson

1769.
Matthew Jordan

1770.
Rev. John Ramsay

1771.
Archelaus Carver

1772.
Nicholas Meriwether

1773.
Mrs. Mary Fry

1774.
Thomas Goolsby
Hug-h Rice Morris
Richard Dalton

1775.
Patrick Napier
Rev. Samuel Leake

1776.
Reuben Terrell
Giles Allegre

1777.
John Michie
John Wood

Alexander McKillecat
Philip Joyner

Thomas Sowell

John McCord '^

Samuel Arnold
Robert Lewis

Obadiah Moore

David Thompson
Charles Smith
Terisha Turner

Joseph Huckstep
Joel Terrell

John Rodes
William Blackwell

John Watts
Alexander Cleveland

Jeremiah White

HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E

397

Richard Flint
John Fry

Thomas Hug-hes
Christopher Shepherd
John Woodson

Daniel Ferg-uson
John Ballard

James Garland Jr.
James Defoe

Charles I^ewis Jr.
Thomas Burch

Samuel Bowcock
Thomas Smith
Nathan Woods

John McCord
Richard Durrett

Thomas Johnson
Oliver Cleveland
William Hamner

Benjamin Colvard
John Cleveland

Galium Bailey
John Henderson
John Dalton

William Hamner
Daniel Maupin
Thomas Smith

John Eubank
James Kerr Jr.
John Spencer

Thomas Emerson
Isham Lewis
James Reid

1778.
Henry Head ""
Robert Thompson

1779.
Col. Charles Lewis
Tucker Woodson Jr.
Nicholas Gentry

1780.
William Lewis

1781.
James Tooley

1782.
Edmund Massie

1783.
Silas Melton
William Dalton

1784.
William Watson
Samuel Woods

1785.
John Moore
Robert Bain

1786.
John Hunton

1787.
Nicholas Caine
Thomas Moorman

1788.
Samuel Jameson
Henry Washing-ton

1789.
Claude de La Cour
George Murrell
Jeremiah Yancey

1790.
John Fortune
William McCord

Henry Randolph

David Lewis
Samuel Brockman

Manus Burgher

Thomas Ballard

James Michie

Thomas Stockton
William Via

Tucker Woodson"^

Andrew Wallace
Georg-e Douglass

Thomas Salmon

Thomas Fitzpatrick
Richard Sharp

Andrew Leake
William Harris

William Greg-g
William Shelton
Charles Turner

Martin Hackett
William Reynolds

398

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

John Henderson
James Minor
David Anderson

Edward Carter
John Dunn
John Bailey-
Richard Davenport
Charles Irving-
Samuel Shelton

Gideon Carr
David Rodes
James Travillian
Joshua Grady

Henry Foster
Valentine Wood Jr.
Peter Marks

Samuel Gay
James Coleman
John Newcomb
Philemon Snell

Obadiah Britt
Hug-h Alexander
Leonard Drumheller

Alexander McKinzie
Samuel Taliaferro
Charles Rodes

Micajah Chiles
James Jones Jr.
Thomas Massie
Peter Davie

Thomas Bell
William Moon
William Clark
William Thurmond

1791.
Benjamin Huntsman
John Woods
Robert Greening-

1792.
Thomas Martin
James Harris

1793.
Nathaniel Garland
Orlando Jones
Bennett Henderson

1794.
John Henderson
Giles Rog-ers
Thomas Walker
Christopher Harris

1795.
John McCuUoch
John Clarkson
George Gilmer

1796.
Robert Jouett
Nathan Barksdale
Thomas Grayson

1797.
James Minor
James Harris
Nathaniel Watkins

1798.
John Pritchett
John Simms
Nelson Thomson

1799.
David Epperson
Robert W. Wheeler
Thomas Jones
Patrick Michie

1800.
Maxey Ewell
James Suddarth
Bernard Brown
John Childress

Martin Key^
Thomas Smith

John Gilliam
Joseph Morton

Stephen Hughes
Joel Perkins
Nicholas Hamner

Gabriel Maupin '
John Shiflett
Thomas West
Bradley Berry

William Dowell
Giles Tompkins

William Gooch
William Barksdale
John Slaughter

Charles Patrick
William Simms
John Dowell

John Scott
Thomas Walker Jr.
David Buster

Henry Shelton
Stephen Southall
George Martin
John Lewis

Samuel Dedman
Samuel Burch
Robert Alcock
Thomas Smith

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

399

John Hudson \/

Richard Woods
Swann)' Ferguson

William Cole
William Jordan

Peter Lott
Charles Wing-field

Thomas Ballard
John Fitz

Richard H. Allen
Lain Jones
Henry Karr

John Hudson
Thomas Carr

Richard Farrar
Edward Wingfield
Jeremiah Cleveland
Joel Smith

John Coles
Sa.muel Irvin
Wyatt Mills

William Brockman
Moses Gentry
John Old
Benjamin Taylor
Meriwether Lewis

Robert Carter
George Gentry
John Rodes

James Burnley
! William Michie

1801.
Joseph Sutherland
Joel Wheeler
William Smith

1802.
Georg-e Eubank
George Goodridge

1803.
William Shelton
Schuyler Harris

1804.
George Blain
John Lewis

1805.
Isaac Davis
Bartholomew Kindred
William Davenport

1806.
John Maupin
Francis Walker

1807. ■
William Fretweli
John White
David Clarkson
Hancock Allen

1808.
Harwood Bacon
Nicholas Lewis
Edward Moore

1809.
Bland Ballard
Rev. William Irvin
Robert Sharp
Micajah Wheeler
Henry Austin

1810.
Madison Breedlove
Taliaferro Lewis
Cornelius Schenk

1811.
William Leake
John Walker

Wadd)' Thomson
Samuel Scott
Ephraim Seamonds

John Jouett
Michael Thomas

Henry Burke
Benjamin Norvell

Andrew Brown
James Burnley

Alexander Gordon
Owen Lewis
Joseph H. Irvin

Holman Snead
Jacob Morris

Thomas W. Lewis
Claudius Buster
Jacob Spiece

Peter Keblinger
Rev. Matthew Maury
William Wood

John Carr
Bezaleel Maxwell
Richard Moore
William Wallace
John Gilliam

William Garrison
Rev. Thos. Lumpkin
Edmund Anderson

Jacob Moon
Martin Railey

400

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Nathaniel Anderson
James Garland
Joseph Cole
John B. Mag-ruder
John Martin

David Burg-her
Jacob Og-lesby
William Jarman
William Hughes
William Watson

Joseph Brand
Clifton Garland
John Wing-field

James Brooks
Peter Carr
Lawrence Suddarth

Jason Bowcock
Epaphroditus Rodes
David Wood

Edward Garland
Nicholas Page
James Barrett

John Alphin
West Eang-ford
Andrew Squair
David Watts
Francis Browning-
Charles B. Hunton

Samuel W. Anderson
Robert Leitch
William Goolsby
Jechonias Yancey

John Buster
Hug^h Rice Morris
Wilson C. Nicholas

1812.
James Powell Cocke
Thomas Garth
Julius Clarkson
John Old

1813.
Mask Leake
David Wood
John Wilkinson
Kemp Catlett

1814.
Peter Clarkson
William Maupin
James Harrison

1815.
Rev. Bernis Brown
Isaiah Humphrey
James Turk

1816.
William Elsom
William G. Garner

1817.
Elijah Garth
William G. Arms
Jacob Morris

1818.
Daniel White
William Moore
Joseph Sutherland
Chapman White
Robert Barclay
Benjamin Richards

1819.
Rice Garland
Richard Moon
Lewis Johnson
James Reynolds

1820.
Isaac Hardin
William Wood
William Hopkins

Micajah Carr
John P. Watson
Harmer Gilmer
Richard P. Watson

Robert Morrison
James Hays
Robert Moorman
William S. Dabnej'

William D. Pitch
Charles L. Thomas
Martin Key

Samuel Black
Jeremiah Hamner
Jonathan Browning

John Michie
Georg-e Carter

Samuel Hamner
Richard Anderson

David Humphrey
Charles Massie
George Twyman
Cleviers Duke
William McCord
Sabrit Hoy

Milburn Hogg
Charles Wingfield Jr.
Reuben Herndon
Charles Burrus

Robert McCullock
Daniel Tilman
John Timberlake

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

401

Richard Durrett
Joseph Gilniore
Christopher Wing-field
James Old

Rev. Benj. Burg-her
Richard Woods Jr.
Christopher Gentry

John H. Carr

Rev. Samuel Wydown

John Rodes

John Eubank

Mrs. Mary W. Lewis

Jesse Wood

Douglass Bowcock
Bezaleel G. Brown
John A. Michie

Francis Gilmer
Thomas Jefferson
Michael Thomas
Benjamin Thurman

1821.
Rev. Martin Dawson
James Mayo
James Eubank
Rev. Jacob Watts

1822.
James Durrett
Whitaker Carter
Jesse Davenport

1823.
John C. Rag-land
Andrew Eeitch Sr.
Charles Doug-lass

1824.
Joseph Field
Dabney Minor
Alexander Blain

1825.
Christopher Hudson
Robert Wing-field
Alexander Fretwell

1826.
Joseph Brand
Francis Modena
Chapman White
Joel Harris

John Eubank
David Maupin
Benjamin Martin
Benjamin Norvell

John Grayson
Peter Garland
Elijah Sowell

^

William Fretwell
William Smith
Daniel Black

Robert Field
William Tompkins
Francis Browning-
William Ramsay-^
Joseph Bishop
Henry Wood

Berry M. Hardin
Samuel Shelton \
Matthew Watson
Pleasant Dawson

John Boiling-
Benjamin Eacy
Rev. Hugh White
Thomas Martin

John Irvin
Claiborne Rothwell
Thomas M. Randolph

James Powell Cocke
William Grayson
David Young-
Manoah Clarkson
Richard Bruce

John Kelly
George Divers
Benajah Gentry
—26

Charles Goodman
Eittlebury Moon
Richard Price

1828.
Robert Dratfen
Georg-e Eubank
Andrew Monroe

1829.
Bezaleel Brown
Thomas Goolsby
Jesse Wood Jr.
Rev. John Barksdale
Philip Watts

1830.
Francis Birckhead
Charles Massie
William C. Wren

Horsley Goodman
John Neilson
John Hudson

Abraham Fades
James Fowles
Jeremiah Yancey

Robert Davis
James Kinsolving
James Clarkson
John Fagg-
Joseph Goodman

James Dinsmore
Nicholas Merritt
Lindsay Martin

402

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Reuben Lindsay
Thomas W. Wood
Richmond Walton

Andrew Hart
William Hopkins
John Harris
William Suddarth
John B. Benson

Stephen Moore
John Early

Benjamin Harris

Thomas Garth

Rev. Thornton Rogers

Martin Dawson
Peter Minor
William Leake
Andrew Zig-ler

Hug'h Nelson
Parmenas Rog'ers
Isaac Simms

Craven Peyton
Micajah Woods
John Fretwell
John N. C. Stockton
David Isaacs

John Rogers
Thomas W. Gooch
James Jones
Sabrit King

John Rodes
Opie Norris
James H. Grinstead

Samuel and Celia Dyer
Mrs. Elizabeth Clark

1831.
Jonathan Barksdale
Joseph Wing-field
Robert Rea

1832.
John S. Farrar
George Eubank
Goodman Barksdale
William Morris
Edward Perneyhough

1833.
Rice W. Wood
Christian Wertenbaker

1834.
Marshall Durrett
Charles L. Bankhead
Joel Shiflett

1835.
John Gilmer
Horsley Goodman
Pleasant Moon

1836.
Jesse Garth
George Gilmer
Norborne Powers

1837.
Jesse Jopling
William Woods B. C.
Micajah Wheeler
Horace Bramham
Mace Pickett

1838.
Garland Carr
Francis B. Dyer
Louis Leschot

1839.
Robert W. Wood
Joshua Wheeler

John Jordan
Stephen Woodson
William Tooley

Richard Wallace
Hugh Rice Morris
John Patrick
Charles C. Lacy
Ison Walton

J. Watson, High Top
John Dettor

Matthew Rodes
Hudson Fretwell
Peter U. Ware

James P. Henderson
Henry Price
William Piper

Peachy R. Gilmer
Ephraim Seamonds
William Via

Reuben Lindsay
John Winn
John Yergain
Charles Hudson
Ezekiel Wilhoi

Rev. John Goss
Roger Thompson
J. Addison Carr

Jeremiah White
Anderson Shiflett

1840.
Abijah S. Old
James Tooley

John H. Goodloe
Zachariah Wood

HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E

403

Charles Bonnycastle
John Watson, Milton
Samuel Leitch
Howell Lewis
Samuel Powell

Ira B. Brown
Gilly M. Lewis
Samuel Barksdale
Charles Smith

Garrett White

1841.
John Rog'ers Jr.
David Anderson
John Minor
David Michie

1842.
Jonathan W. Beers
John Pollock
Reuben Wing-field

1843.
John P. Emmett

Charles H. Meriwether Francis Meriwether

James H. Lewis
Abraham Eades

Reuben Lewis
Thomas W. Gilmer
Carter H. Harrison

W. D. Meriwether
Henry T. Harris
John H. Craven

John L. Thomas
Joseph Coleman
William Dunkum
Elisha Thurman

James Jarman
John Thomas
George M. Woods
Joseph TwymUn

John Coles.
Charles Everett

Joseph Antrim

1844.
Dabney C. Gooch
Achilles Doug-lass
Oliver Cleveland

1S45.
Nimrod Bramham
Michael Wallace
John Brown

1846.
Brig-htberry Brown
Rezin Wheat
John H. Hoiman
John T. Early

1847.
Daniel F. Carr
John E. Roberts
James Michie Jr.
Robert Thrift

1848.
Charles Harper
William D. Fitch

Henry St. Geo. Tucker Albert C. Terrell

1849.
Jesse Lewis Richard Duke

Samuel W. Tompkins Joseph Grayson
Benjamin Mosby

Henry White
William Woods, S.
James Michie
Benjamin G. Peyton

1850.
Edmund Davis
Georg^e Blaetterman
Mann Pag-e
Meekins Carr

Drury Wood
Isaac A. Coles
Michael Catterton
Thomas Grady

Thomas W. Maury
E. W. Reinhart
Joseph Watson

James Oldham
Adam Kebling-er
Lewis S. Poates

Thomas Draffen
James Duke
Benjamin Sowell

Stephen C. Price
Nathan C. Goodman

Frances McGee
Blake Harris
Samuel Black

Cleviers Duke
Wiley Dickerson
John Lee
Samuel Brockman

Hardin Massie
James W. Drumheller

Thomas W. Fry
John M. Wing-field

Andrew McKee
Samuel S. Gay
Edmund Broadus
James Jeffries

404

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

Willis Garth
Thomas Macon
Richard Pollard
Daniel Scott

Georg-e Sinclair
John Bowcock

Edward H. Moon
Thomas H. Grayson
James H. Shelton

Bernard Pe3'ton
Francis Carr
Walter Coles
John Eubank

John B. Garrett
John Pilson
Andrew Eeitch

Clement P. McKennie
James H. Terrell
G. W. Kinsolving

Andrew Stevenson
Samuel W. Martin
Richmond Terrell
Daniel Perrow
Claudius Mayo

Robert L. Jefferson
David Hancock
William F. Gordon

Thomas L. Shelton
James W. Saunders
John B. (iilmer
John J. Winj^field

Nathaniel Burnley
Alexander Garrett
William Garth

1851.
Bernard Carr
Peter N. Meriwether
Anderson Brown
John Rogers, Lan.

1852.
Valentine Head
Jonathan Barksdale

1853.
David Higginbotham
Edward Wertenbaker

1854.
John Morris
William W. Wallace
N. Thompson Jr.
A. Hamilton Michie

1855.
John Dunkum
James T. Early
Meredith Martin

1856.
Allen Hawkins
William M. Woods
Rev. Albert Holladay

1857.
John T. Hamner
Benjamin E. Johnson
John B. Hart
Charles Massie
John Terrell

1858.
Lewis McGee
William Woods, B. C.
Hugh Minor

1859.
William T. McCarty
Rev. John S. Abell
Isaiah Stout
Samuel Carr

1860.
Tucker Coles
John W. Gantt

Joel Terrell
Philip Edge
Edwin H. Gooch
George W. Craven

Zach. Shackelford

Hawkey Ferguson
Paul Tilman Jr.

Reese Jurey
Earkin Hudson
George W. Turpin

Nathaniel D. Goolsby
Alphonso Garner
Thomas Daniel

John H. Maddox
Matthew P. Walton
George O'Toole

James A. Watson
Burwell Garth
Jeremiah A. Goodman
William McCoy

Boswell P. Yates
Gabriel Maupin 1/
Thomas C. Keller

Charles A. Smith
H nry Morris
Caleb Abell

Joseph Miller
Hudson Strange

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

405

1861.
M. L. Walker Abraham Wiant

Nelson Barksdale Tucker Coles Jr.

Chapman W. Maupin Twyman Wayt
Valentine W. Southall Joseph Sutherland

Zachariah Lewis
Buckner Townley
Chiles M. Brand
John B. Dousflass

Peter F. Jefferson

Charles Minor
A. Hamilton Rogers
John Titnberlake
William M. Wade
Thomas F. Lewis
Francis K. Nelson

St. Georg-e Tucker
James B. Rogers
James D. Watts

Rev. W. Timberlake

Octavius G. Michie

Benjamin Ficklin

1865.

Beverly Staples Alfred C. Wood

William. A. Bibb Frederick Gilliam

Charles A. Scott George Martin

1866.
.Joseph Sutherland Sr. Leland Blackwell
John White William H. Foster

William G. Barksdale

Thomas Woodson
Roberts Coles
M. L. Anderson
Richard D. Simms
William B. Harris
JaiTies H. Minor

W. B. Phillips

1862.
David Carr y

Dabney Carr
Chapman C. Maupin
Luther M. George
James S. Leitch
Thomas Staples

1863.
Thomas W. Meriwether Ira Harris
George H. Geiger Thomas Ammonett ^

Ralph Thomas Garland A. Garth

1864.
Lewis Teel Robert N. Trice

Rev, Charles Wingfield Archelaus Robertson

Peter White
George W. Spooner
James C. Carter

Ralph Barksdale
John C. Hughes

Robert Rives
Franklin Minor
James R. Watson
Charles Carter
David JeflF ries
John A. Wilson

James Woods
John R. Jones
William C. Rives
William Crumg^

John D. Moon Sr.

1867.
H. Carter Moore

Prior Woodson \J
Edward J. Timberlake George A. Farrow
John S. Martin David R. Goodman

William H. Brown John D. Carr

Charles W. Maupin Peter F. Jefferson

Daniel P. Lewis Paul Tilman

1868.
Edmund I. Thompson
Clifton G. Sutherland
John Jones
Bland Rea

1869.
Reuben Maury

William M. Peyton
Peter Harman
Robert B. Nelson
Willis White

Elijah May

William P. Farish George L. Williams

406

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

James Hart
Ira Garrett
Satnuel O. Moon

Nathaniel Massie
John H. Coleman
Socrates Maupin
Shepherd Moore

Benjamin Wood
M. L,. Anderson

W. Edgar Garth
William H. McGuflfey
Georg-e W. Hamner

Henry Howard
Thomas H. Brown
George Rives
Nathaniel Thompson

Richard Wingfield
Thomas J. Randolph
Joseph W. Campbell

Teakle W. Savage
J. H. Timberlake Jr.
Rev. James P^ife

William D. Hart
Charles D. Everett
George W. Harris

Joshua Jackson
Marcus Durrett
Bazaleel Brown

Charles Brown
Rice G. Barksdale
John S. Cocke

Henry Shepherd
J. Frank Fry
N. H. Massie
James M. Bowen

1870.
Peter A. Woods
Richard Moon, B.
Rev. James M. Goss

1871.
Benjamin F. Randolph
Magill O. Douglass
Roland H. Bates

1872.
Thomas J. Randolph Jr,
Reuben Wood

1873.
Edward Ferneyhoug-h
Thomas Durrett
Ira Maupin

1874.
Thomas Garland
Miletus B. Jarman
William T. Early
Peter Craven

1875.
John C. R. Taylor
J. P. Halbach
Stapleton C. Shelton

1876.
Charles Goodyear
Wilson C. Nicholas
John L. White

1877.
William T. Brown
William L,. Cochran
Robert W. Lewis

1878.
J. W. Poindexter
Henry Massie
Jacob Van Doren

1879.
Hamilton Potts
Daniel G. Smith
David Strange

1880.
D. J. Hartsook
W. W. Staton
Randolph Harris

William Cowherd
Benjamin Snead
Eli Ames

Benjamin F. Ficklin
John Vowles
James C. Lupton

Winston O. Purvis
David E. Hancock

Tucker Woodson
George Norris
Lewis Sowell

Robert R. Prentis
Robert Rodes
William Summerson
F. M. Paoli

David Kyle
William Cox
Andrew Black

London Bruce
Cosby M. Robertson

John White
David Hansbrough
John O. Harris

Alfred Carpenter
Thomas Black
John A. Brown

Thornton W. Bowea
George B. Young

Robert C. Rives.
Moses Maxwell
Atwell Edge

HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE

407

Richard G. Crank
William F. Gooch
Reuben Lindsaj'

S. A. Hart
Daniel E. Watson
William Wertenbaker Caleb Abell

1883.

1881.
Robert B. Boiling-'
John H. Timberlake
Tilman T. Maupin

1882.
John O. Massey
John A. Rosrers

B. M. Pinkerton
Edward Coles
William D. Boaz
John Cochran
J. Summerfield Moon

Orlando B. Barksdale
John W. Goss
W. W. Dinwiddie
Philip Kdg-e

188+.
John T. Antrim
George M. Mclntire
Orville Allen

1885.
Stephen O. Southall
Jerome B. Wood
Stokes Tunstall
Joseph F. Wing-field

1886.
Slaughter W. Ficklin Bernard Peyton

Shelton F. Leake
George W. Macon
William A. Rogers

Parrott H. Elliott
Benj. H. Magruder
John R. Woods
John Staige Davis

Thomas C. Bowen

C. W. Purcell
William W. Minor
Egbert R. Watson
Geo. Chris. Gilmer

Peter McGee
John H. Bibb
Thomas F. Wingfield

John Wood Jr.
James L,. Cabell

Rev. Thomas D. Bell
John P. Michic
James G. Alexander

Littleton Waddell

1887.
Fleming Broadhead
Peyton S. Coles
Isaac D. Early
William H." Harris

1888.
John S. White
BlufordR. Eddins

1889.
James H. Shepherd
Alexander K. Yancey

1890.
Miles S. Foster
George C. Omohundro

Joel N. Wheeler
Pleasant Sowell
John O. Wingfield

Joseph W. Lipop
Wilton Head
Ezra M. Wolfe

James M. Smith
John A. Carter
Alphonse Lauve
Thomas W. Wood

Fontaine Brockman
William A. Keblinger
Henry Gantt

Charles Hancock
John J. Winn
J"'hn A. Snead
Alexander Rives

John H. Nicholas

Horace George
J. Finks Wayland
John Thornley
Richard H. Yancey

George W. Stark
Andrew J. Brown

John S. Coles
W. O. Fry

James Fitz
A. P. Boyd

I

1.^ -

INDEX.

Afifricultural Society, 101.
Albemarle Academy, 91.

Declaration of Independence,

365.
Emigrants, 386. -
Necrology, 395.
Rangers, 363.
Representatives, 384.
Alcock, William, 198, 242.
Aldermen, 89.
Alexander, Hugh, 246.
Anbury, Travels of, Z2.
Area of County, 14.
Army allowances, 54.
Attorneys for Commonwealth, 80.

List of, 380.
Bache,Dr. William, 62.
Ballou, Solomon, 106.
Bankhead, Charles L,., 302, 305.
Banks, 106.
Baptist Churches, 132.
Barboursville Road, 65.
Barracks Prison, 31.
Road, 65.
Supplies for, 54.
Barterbrook, 61.
Batesville, 6, 22.
Bear Creek, 23.
Beaverdam, 18, 21.
Belle Grove, 98, 222.
Bible Society, 102.
Birdvvood, 4, 174, 244.
Black's Call, Rev. Sam, 362. --
Blaetterman, Prof., 288.*
Blair, Justice John, 62.
Bland, Col., 36.
Blue Ridge, 14, 19.

And Rivanna Turnpike, 70.
Boiling. John, 201.
Boundaries of County, 14.
Breckinridge, John, 230.
Brimmer Road, 68.
British ravages, 25.
Broad Mossing Ford, 65. '
Brown's Gap Road, 66.

Turnpike, 69.
Buck's Elbow, 15, 19.
Buck I.sland,l7, 21.

Mountain Road, 64,
Burnt Mills, 65, 161, 181,

Cabell V. Wilkinson, 57.

Camp near Rockfish Gap, 30.

Camping Branch, 21, 24.

Capital Punishment, 75.

Carr's Old Ford, 65, 73.

Carter's Bridge, 71.
Road, 68.

Cartersburg, 22.

Castle Hill, 2, 271, 335.

Central College., 91.

Charlottesville, 26, 105.
Hospital, 118.

Chestnut Mountains, 2, 19.
Chiles, Micajah, 276, 324.
Chiswell, John, 7, 214.
Church Erection, 136.
Circuit Court, 79.
Clark, Gen. G. R., 50.
Clear Mount, 11, 163.
Collins' Team, 73.
Colonization Society, 102.
Committee of Nine, 120.
Commissioners at Rockfish Gap, 91
County Court System. 78.
County Officers, 8, 375.
Court House Building, 80.

First, 9.
Court Proceedings, 9, 54, 74, 110.
Cow Branch, 21.
Crockett, Maj. Joseph, 284, 356.
Currency, deranged, .53, 118.
Davidson's patent, John, 7.
David Wood's old place, 65. —
Davis, Prof. J. A. G., 114.
Dawson's Meeting House, 134.

Row, 94.
Dean, Adam, 247.
Debating Society, 103.
Districts, 25. 0 ^ (KfrjOV - I )•}

District Court, 79.

No. 1, 118.
Divers, George, 25, 48, 335.
Divisions of County, 24.
Doyle, John, .53.
Drafts of servants, 117.
D. S., 4, 11, 63, 158, 320.
Early, W. T., 117.
Edge, Atwell, 171.
Edge's Creek, 21.
Edgemont. 3, 61, 77.

410

INDEX

Education, 85.

Elk Run, 23.

Emigration, 55.

Episcopal Churches, 124.

Epperson's Mountain, 20.

Eppes Creek, 3, 18, 168.

Escheats, 47.

Estes, Capt. T. T., 96.

Families, alphabetically arranged,

137.
Farm, The, 5, 70, 45, 252.
Farming-ton, 5, 47, 54.
Fish, 23.

Flood of 1771, 71.
Forg-e Church, 56, 125.
Fortune, 188.

Forty-Sixth Virg-inia, 117.
Franklin, Benjamin, 62.
Franklins, 82.
Fredericksburg- Road, 65.
Fredericksville Parish, 124.
Free Bridg-e, 72.

Schools, 89.
Frenchmen, 360.
Gallatin, Albert, 9.
Gambell's Grant, Matt., 7.
Gambling-, 110.
Game, 22.

Garland, James, Jr., 44.
Garlick, Samuel, 7.
Gazetteer of Virg-inia, 101.
Giles, Nathaniel, 56.
Gilmer, Dr. John, 76.

Papers, 363.
Glebes, 125, 127.
Glendower, 10, 185, 238.
Glover, John A., 114.
Goochland County, 1.
Grier, Andrew, 247.
Grills, Eleanor, 52.
Gymnasium, 88.
Hagg-ard's Road, 68.
Hammock's Gap, 15, 58, 330.
Hanover, Presbytery of, 131.
Hardin's Tavern, 60, 217.
Harrisonburg Turnpike, 71.
Hatch, Rev. F. W., 127. .
Harvie, Col. John, 35, 225.
Hebrews, 359.
Henderson's Branch, 21.

Warehouse, 58.
Hening-, W. W., 228.
Henry, John, 5, 322.

Patrick, 46.
Hickman, Edwin, 4, 9, 255.
Hodge, Dr. Charles, 62.
Holt, Joseph, 233.

Hopkins, Dr. James, 75.

Hudson's Creek, 18.

Hunton, Charles B., 299.

Inglis, Thomas, 51.

Indians, 23.

Indian Grave, 5, 23, 286.

Irish Road, 68.

Iron manufacture, 56.

Island Ford, 73.

Italians, 360.

Ivy Creek, 21.

Depot, 22.
Jailors, 380.
Jameson's Gap, 20.

Mountain, 20.
Jarman's Gap, 20.
Jefferson on Barracks, 31.
Jerdone, Francis, 47, 201.
Jones, George, 261.
Jones' Plantation, 33, 238.
Johnson, Benjamin, 286.

Michael, 256, 346.
Jouett, John, 45, 240.
Joyner, Philip, 206.
Judges, 79.

Keppel, Earl of Albemarle, 8.
Key, Nelson, 188.
Key's Meeting House, 135.

Mill Creek, 20.
King, Martin, 12. 68.
Kinney, Jacob, 287.
Kosciusko's Will, 361.
Lafayette's Visit, 104.
Legislature in Charlottesv ille

45, 46.
Leigh, William, 54, 276.
Leitch, James, 82, 139, 253.
Lewis's Creek, 3.

Ferry, 72.

Meeting House, 132.

Mountain, 5, 15.
Library, Public, 103.
Lick Run, 23.
Limestone, 17, 18, 257.
Little D. S., 67.

Eppes Creek, 18.

Egypt, 209.

Mountain, 19.

River, 20, 85.
Lumpkin, Rev. Thomas, 131.
Lynch's Ford or Ferry, 10, 258.
Lynchburg Road, 68, 70.
Magistrates, 77, 375.
Map of Virginia, 97.
Marches to Williamsburg, 364.
Market House, 106.
Marks, John, 56, 263.

INDEX

411

Marriag'e licenses, 55.
Marshall C. J. John, 63.
Martin, Capt. John, 45, 264.
Meade's Election, Bishop, 129.
Mechum's Depot, 22.
Meriwether's Bridge, 73.
Merritt, Nicholas, 317.
Methodist Churches, 134.
Military of Countj-, 372.
Miller's Branch, 21. ~
Milton, 3, 57.
Mine, Betsv Martin, 57.
Monticello,' 45, 141, 250.

Bank Specie, 108.
Moore's Creek Bridge, 72.

Ford, 20, 72.
Morgan town, 60.
Mosby, Col. John S., 115.
Mountain Falls Creek, 21.
Mount Ed Church, 87, 134.
Names, 19.

Negroes, teaching. 111.
New Haven, 61.
Newspapers, 99.
New York, 59.
Nicholas' Warehouse, 58.
Nineteenth Virginia, 117.
Nixville, 22.

Norris, Opie, 70, 106, 243.
North Milton, 59.
Nutter, George, 115.
Offices. Court Square, 82.
Old's Forge, 57, 68, 291.
Oliver's Store, 22.
Ordinaries, 10, 39.
Organization, County, 8.
Pantops, 4, 88, 139.
Partition of County, 26.
Patents, Early, 2.
Personal Collisions, 110.
Petersburg, 22.
Phillips, Gen., 35.
Pigeon Top, 15, 20.
Pillory, 9, 82.

Piney Mountain, 5,15, 20.
Pinch-'em-slyly, 61.
Plank Road, 69.
Pleasant Grove, 59.
Plum Orchard Branch, 21.
Plum Tree Branch, 21.
Poindexter, George, 77.
Poindexter's Mountain, 20.
Population, 11.
Presbyterian Churches. 129.
Prison Spring, 28.
Punishments, 12.
Railroads, 115.

Rea's Ford Road, 67.
Reconstruction, 119.
Records, 13, 25.
Red Bank Falls, 3.
Revolution, 29.
Richard Woods Road, 67.
Riedesel, Madame, 37.
Rio Bridge, 73.
Rivanna Navigation Co., 84.
River Road, 64.
Roads, 10, 63.
Rock Spring, 71.
Rockfish Gap, 20, 64, 91.
Rodes's Road, 66.
Round Top Mountain, 22.
Salmon, John H., 122.
Scales Creek, 21.
School Commissioners, 86.
Scottsville, 97.
Secretary's Road, 68.
Settlement of Virginia, 1.
Shelby, Letitia, 49.
Sheriffs, 379.
Short, William, 24, 217.
Signs of War, 116.
Simpson's Tanyard, 67.
Slaughter, John, 329.
Smith, Ambrose Joshua, 7.
Soapstone Works, 18.
Soldiers of Revolution, 367.
South River, 20.
South West Mountain, 14, 19.
Spencer, John, 189.
Sprouse, Hudson, 112.
St. Anne's Parish, 124.
Staunton and James River Turn-
pike, 69.
Still House Mountain, 66.
Stockton's Creek, 17, 319.
Stony Point, 22.
Swan Tavern, 46, 240.
Tarleton's Raid, 44.
Taylor's patent, William, 6, 324.
Teachers, 85.

Temperance Society, 94, 103.
Three Notched Road, 63.
Todd,' Rev. John, 233.
Tom's Mountain, 17. 171, 328.
Tooley's Creek, .332.
Topography, 14.
Tories, 47.
Towns, 57.
Townships, 25.
Travellers' Grove. 59.
Tufton. 5. 260, 310.
Turkey Run, 22.
Turk's Gap, 20.

412

INDEX

:^

Underwood Convention, 119.
University of Virginia, 92.
Wade's Spring-, 66.
Walker, Dr. Thomas, 51, 334.
War of 1812, 96.
Ware, Peter, 113.
Warren, 58.
Washing-ton, Gen., 70.

Henry, 299.
Wayland, Jeremiah, 301.
Webb's Mountain, 7, 20.
Webster, John L,ee, 56.
West's Saw Mill Run, 68.

Wheeler Road, 68.
Whitehall, 22.
Wilkinson, John, 56, 344.
Wirt, William, 207.
Wolf Pit, 22.
Wolf Trap Branch, 22.
Wolves, 13.
Woodridge, 68.
Woods' Gap, 11, 20, 63.
Woods', Meeting- at James, 30.
Yellow Mountain, 20.
Yerg-ain, John, 358.